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The Scandinavian Prison Study (Palgrave Studies in Prisons and Penology)
by Stanton Wheeler Hugh F. ClineThis book presents the formerly-unpublished manuscript by Wheeler and Cline detailing the landmark, comparative prisons study they conducted in the 1960s which examined fifteen Scandinavian prisons and nearly 2000 inmates across four Nordic countries. At the time, it was the largest comparative study of prisons and inmate behavior ever undertaken and despite 15 years of analysis and write-up it was never published but it influenced many other important prison studies that followed. This book engages with the functionalist perspectives that were widespread in the 1960s, and tries to answer some of the classical questions of prison sociology such as how prisoners adapt to imprisonment and the degree to which prisoner adaptations can be attributed to characteristics of prisoners and prisons. It examines the nature and structure of prisons, the effect of that structure on individual prisoners and the other factors that may influence the way that they respond to confinement. It also includes discussion about the prisoners’ considerations of justice and fairness and a explanation of the study design and data which was highly unique at the time. The Scandinavian Prison Study brings Wheeler and Cline's pioneering work into the present context with a preface and an introduction which discuss the questions and claims raised in the book still relevant to this day.
Scapegoat: Why We Are Failing Disabled People (PDF)
by Katharine QuarmbyEvery few months there's a shocking news story about the sustained, and often fatal, abuse of a disabled person. It's easy to write off such cases as bullying that got out of hand, terrible criminal anomalies or regrettable failures of the care system, but in fact they point to a more uncomfortable and fundamental truth about how our society treats its most unequal citizens. In Scapegoat, Katharine Quarmby looks behind the headlines to question and understand our discomfort with disabled people. Combining fascinating examples from history with tenacious investigation and powerful first person interviews, Scapegoat will change the way we think about disability - and about the changes we must make as a society to ensure that disabled people are seen as equal citizens, worthy of respect, not targets for taunting, torture and attack.
Scapegoats and Social Actors: The Exclusion and Integration of Minorities in Western and Eastern Europe (Migration, Minorities and Citizenship)
by Danièle JolyDani� Joly brings together theoretical and empirical research on ethnic minorities in Eastern and Western Europe showing that their positions and the increased prejudices they encounter share many similarities throughout Europe. Whether racism and exclusion are related to exploitation and power relations, ideologies, or social status, they pervade interactions between the majority society and its ethnic minorities. The history of such ideologies, the upsurge of racism and xenophobia through the general crisis of Western Europe and the various 'arenas' of racism in Germany are respectively studied by Eide, Alt and Blaschke, while Jarabova and Matei/Aluas examine prejudice and racism in the Czech lands and Romania. What international legal and theoretical instruments there are to counteract these trends are explored by Phillips and Rex, while Lloyd focuses on the social practice of anti-racist movements. Finally, Anthias theorises the different categories of disadvantage for ethnic minority women experience. Still looking at women, Campani, Vasquez and Xavier de Brito demonstrate how those establish themselves as social actors in the reception country.
Scarce Water and Institutional Change (RFF Water Policy Set)
by Kenneth D. FrederickThe authors assess alternative approaches to meeting long-term water needs and resolving conflicts among competing water users in five areas: the Columbia River Basin; Kern County, California; south California; Virginia Beach, Virginia; and northeastern Colorado. This book argues that America's water supply problems are caused largely by bad habits and poor policies-especially policies that price water far under its true value. Originally published in 1986
Scarce Water and Institutional Change (RFF Water Policy Set)
by Kenneth D. FrederickThe authors assess alternative approaches to meeting long-term water needs and resolving conflicts among competing water users in five areas: the Columbia River Basin; Kern County, California; south California; Virginia Beach, Virginia; and northeastern Colorado. This book argues that America's water supply problems are caused largely by bad habits and poor policies-especially policies that price water far under its true value. Originally published in 1986
Scare Tactics: Arguments that Appeal to Fear and Threats (Argumentation Library #3)
by Douglas WaltonScare Tactics, the first book on the subject, provides a theory of the structure of reasoning used in fear and threat appeal argumentation. Such arguments come under the heading of the argumentum ad baculum, the `argument to the stick/club', traditionally treated as a fallacy in the logic textbooks. The new dialectical theory is based on case studies of many interesting examples of the use of these arguments in advertising, public relations, politics, international negotiations, and everyday argumentation on all kinds of subjects. Many of these arguments are amusing, once you see the clever tactic used; others are scary. Some of the arguments appear to be quite reasonable, while others are highly suspicious, or even outrageously fraudulent. In addition to the examples taken from logic textbooks, other cases treated come from a variety of sources, including political debates, legal arguments, and arguments from media sources, like magazine articles and television ads. The purpose of this book is to explain how such arguments work as devices of persuasion, and to develop a method for analyzing and evaluating their reasonable and fallacious uses in particular cases. The book shows how such arguments share a common structure, revealing several distinctive forms of argument nested within each other. Based on its account of this cognitive structure, the new dialectical theory presents methods for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating these arguments, as they are used in specific cases. The book is a scholarly contribution to argumentation theory. It is written in an accessible style, and uses many colorful and provocative examples of fear and threat appeal arguments that are suitable for classroom discussions. The matters treated will be of interest to professionals and students in law, critical thinking, advertising, speech communication, informal logic, cognitive science, rhetoric, and media studies.
Scarlet A: The Ethics, Law, and Politics of Ordinary Abortion
by Katie WatsonWinner of the NCTE George Orwell Award for Distinguished Contribution to Honesty and Clarity in Public Language Although Roe v. Wade identified abortion as a constitutional right in1973, it still bears stigma--a proverbial scarlet A. Millions of Americans have participated in or benefited from an abortion, but few want to reveal that they have done so. Approximately one in five pregnancies in the US ends in abortion. Why is something so common, which has been legal so long, still a source of shame and secrecy? Why is it so regularly debated by politicians, and so seldom divulged from friend to friend? This book explores the personal stigma that prevents many from sharing their abortion experiences with friends and family in private conversation, and the structural stigma that keeps it that way. In public discussion, both proponents and opponents of abortion's legality tend to focus on extraordinary cases. This tendency keeps the national debate polarized and contentious, and keeps our focus on the cases that occur the least. Professor Katie Watson focuses instead on the cases that happen the most, which she calls "ordinary abortion." Scarlet A gives the reflective reader a more accurate impression of what the majority of American abortion practice really looks like. It explains how our silence around private experience has distorted public opinion, and how including both ordinary abortion and abortion ethics could make our public exchanges more fruitful. In Scarlet A, Watson wisely and respectfully navigates one of the most divisive topics in contemporary life. This book explains the law of abortion, challenges the toxic politics that make it a public football and private secret, offers tools for more productive private exchanges, and leads the way to a more robust public discussion of abortion ethics. Scarlet A combines storytelling and statistics to bring the story of ordinary abortion out of the shadows, painting a rich, rarely seen picture of how patients and doctors currently think and act, and ultimately inviting readers to tell their own stories and draw their own conclusions. The paperback edition includes a new preface by the author addressing new cultural developments in abortion discourse and new legal threats to reproductive rights, and updated statistics throughout.
SCARLET A C: The Ethics, Law, and Politics of Ordinary Abortion
by Katie WatsonWinner of the NCTE George Orwell Award for Distinguished Contribution to Honesty and Clarity in Public Language Although Roe v. Wade identified abortion as a constitutional right in1973, it still bears stigma--a proverbial scarlet A. Millions of Americans have participated in or benefited from an abortion, but few want to reveal that they have done so. Approximately one in five pregnancies in the US ends in abortion. Why is something so common, which has been legal so long, still a source of shame and secrecy? Why is it so regularly debated by politicians, and so seldom divulged from friend to friend? This book explores the personal stigma that prevents many from sharing their abortion experiences with friends and family in private conversation, and the structural stigma that keeps it that way. In public discussion, both proponents and opponents of abortion's legality tend to focus on extraordinary cases. This tendency keeps the national debate polarized and contentious, and keeps our focus on the cases that occur the least. Professor Katie Watson focuses instead on the cases that happen the most, which she calls "ordinary abortion." Scarlet A gives the reflective reader a more accurate impression of what the majority of American abortion practice really looks like. It explains how our silence around private experience has distorted public opinion, and how including both ordinary abortion and abortion ethics could make our public exchanges more fruitful. In Scarlet A, Watson wisely and respectfully navigates one of the most divisive topics in contemporary life. This book explains the law of abortion, challenges the toxic politics that make it a public football and private secret, offers tools for more productive private exchanges, and leads the way to a more robust public discussion of abortion ethics. Scarlet A combines storytelling and statistics to bring the story of ordinary abortion out of the shadows, painting a rich, rarely seen picture of how patients and doctors currently think and act, and ultimately inviting readers to tell their own stories and draw their own conclusions. The paperback edition includes a new preface by the author addressing new cultural developments in abortion discourse and new legal threats to reproductive rights, and updated statistics throughout.
Scars that Run Deep: Sometimes the Nightmares Don't End
by Patrick TouherLeaving his abusive Irish boarding school after eight long years, Patrick Touher thought his troubles were over. But the adult world was a dangerous place for a naïve adolescent. From the Dublin Catholic boys' home to arriving alone in London, again Patrick is seen as easy prey. Yet Patrick's strength, honesty and sense of humour never left him. The boy they couldn't break fought back and eventually found love and a family. But the shadow of his early years was always with him. With the encouragement of his wife - a constant witness to his traumatic nightmares - Patrick set about taking the Christian Brother to task.The eagerly awaited sequel to bestseller Fear of the Collar that doesn't disappoint, Scars that Run Deep is a deeply moving and ultimately triumphant true story.
Scenario Planning for Climate Change: A Guide for Strategists
by Nardia HaighClimate change, and the resultant impact on resource management and societal wellbeing, is one of the greatest challenges facing businesses and their long-term performance. Uncertainty about access to resources, unanticipated weather events, rapidly changing market conditions and potential social unrest is felt across all business and industry sectors. This book sets out an engaging step-by-step scenario-planning method that executives, Board members, managers and consultants can follow to develop a long-term strategy for climate change tailored for their business. Most climate change strategy books discuss climate mitigation only, focusing on how companies engage with carbon policy, new technologies, markets and other stakeholders about reducing carbon emissions. This book explores these themes but also looks at strategizing for climate change adaptation. Adaptation is equally important, especially given that companies cannot negotiate with nature. There is a need to interpret climate science for business in a way that acknowledges the realities of climate change and identifies a way forwards in responding to this uncertain future.
Scenario Planning for Climate Change: A Guide for Strategists
by Nardia HaighClimate change, and the resultant impact on resource management and societal wellbeing, is one of the greatest challenges facing businesses and their long-term performance. Uncertainty about access to resources, unanticipated weather events, rapidly changing market conditions and potential social unrest is felt across all business and industry sectors. This book sets out an engaging step-by-step scenario-planning method that executives, Board members, managers and consultants can follow to develop a long-term strategy for climate change tailored for their business. Most climate change strategy books discuss climate mitigation only, focusing on how companies engage with carbon policy, new technologies, markets and other stakeholders about reducing carbon emissions. This book explores these themes but also looks at strategizing for climate change adaptation. Adaptation is equally important, especially given that companies cannot negotiate with nature. There is a need to interpret climate science for business in a way that acknowledges the realities of climate change and identifies a way forwards in responding to this uncertain future.
The Scene of the Mass Crime: History, Film, and International Tribunals
by Christian Delage Peter GoodrichThe Scene of the Mass Crime takes up the unwritten history of the peculiar yet highly visible form of war crimes trials. These trials are the first and continuing site of the interface of law, history and film. From Nuremberg to the contemporary trials in Cambodia, film, in particular, has been crucial both as evidence of atrocity and as the means of publicizing the proceedings. But what does film bring to justice? Can law successfully address war crimes, atrocities, genocide? What do the trials actually show? What form of justice is done, and how does it relate to ordinary courts and proceedings? What lessons can be drawn from this history for the very topical political issue of filming civil and criminal trials? This book takes up the diversity and complexity of these idiosyncratic and, in strict terms, generally extra-legal medial situations. Drawing on a fascinating diversity of public trials and filmic responses, from the Trial of the Gang of Four to the Gacaca local courts of Rwanda to the filmic symbolism of 9-11, from Soviet era show trials to Nazi People's Courts leading international scholars address the theatrical, political, filmic and symbolic importance of show trials in making history, legitimating regimes and, most surprising of all, in attempting to heal trauma through law and through film. These essays will be of considerable interest to those working on international criminal law, transitional justice, genocide studies, and the relationship between law and film.
The Scene of the Mass Crime: History, Film, and International Tribunals
by Christian Delage Peter GoodrichThe Scene of the Mass Crime takes up the unwritten history of the peculiar yet highly visible form of war crimes trials. These trials are the first and continuing site of the interface of law, history and film. From Nuremberg to the contemporary trials in Cambodia, film, in particular, has been crucial both as evidence of atrocity and as the means of publicizing the proceedings. But what does film bring to justice? Can law successfully address war crimes, atrocities, genocide? What do the trials actually show? What form of justice is done, and how does it relate to ordinary courts and proceedings? What lessons can be drawn from this history for the very topical political issue of filming civil and criminal trials? This book takes up the diversity and complexity of these idiosyncratic and, in strict terms, generally extra-legal medial situations. Drawing on a fascinating diversity of public trials and filmic responses, from the Trial of the Gang of Four to the Gacaca local courts of Rwanda to the filmic symbolism of 9-11, from Soviet era show trials to Nazi People's Courts leading international scholars address the theatrical, political, filmic and symbolic importance of show trials in making history, legitimating regimes and, most surprising of all, in attempting to heal trauma through law and through film. These essays will be of considerable interest to those working on international criminal law, transitional justice, genocide studies, and the relationship between law and film.
The Scene of Violence: Cinema, Crime, Affect
by Alison YoungIn the contemporary fascination with images of crime, violence gets under our skin and keeps us enthralled. The Scene of Violence explores the spectator’s encounter with the cinematic scene of violence – rape and revenge, homicide and serial killing, torture and terrorism. Providing a detailed reading of both classical and contemporary films – for example, Kill Bill, Blue Velvet, Reservoir Dogs, The Matrix, Psycho, The Accused, Elephant, Seven, Thelma & Louise, United 93, Zodiac, and No Country for Old Men – Alison Young returns the affective processes of the cinematic image to the study of law, crime and violence. Engaging with legal theory, cultural criminology and film studies, the book unfolds both our attachment to the authority of law and our identification with the illicit. Its original contribution is to bring together the cultural fascination of crime with a nuanced account of what it means to watch cinema. The Scene of Violence shows how the spectator is bound by the laws of film to the judgment of the crime-image.
The Scene of Violence: Cinema, Crime, Affect
by Alison YoungIn the contemporary fascination with images of crime, violence gets under our skin and keeps us enthralled. The Scene of Violence explores the spectator’s encounter with the cinematic scene of violence – rape and revenge, homicide and serial killing, torture and terrorism. Providing a detailed reading of both classical and contemporary films – for example, Kill Bill, Blue Velvet, Reservoir Dogs, The Matrix, Psycho, The Accused, Elephant, Seven, Thelma & Louise, United 93, Zodiac, and No Country for Old Men – Alison Young returns the affective processes of the cinematic image to the study of law, crime and violence. Engaging with legal theory, cultural criminology and film studies, the book unfolds both our attachment to the authority of law and our identification with the illicit. Its original contribution is to bring together the cultural fascination of crime with a nuanced account of what it means to watch cinema. The Scene of Violence shows how the spectator is bound by the laws of film to the judgment of the crime-image.
The Scent of Death: The American Boy, The Scent Of Death
by Andrew Taylor*WINNER of the Ellis Peters Historical Dagger Award 2013*‘Andrew Taylor wrote superb historical fiction long before Hilary Mantel was popular’ Daily TelegraphFrom the No.1 bestselling author of THE AMERICAN BOY comes a new historical thriller set during the American War of Independence.
The Scepter of Reason: Public Discussion and Political Radicalism in the Origins of Constitutionalism (Law and Philosophy Library #48)
by R. GargarellaIt is not unusual that formal and informal discussions about the political system, its virtues, and its many defects, conclude in a discussion about impartiality. In fact, we all discuss impartiality when we talk about the best way to equally consider all viewpoints. We show our concerns with impartiality when, facing a particular problem, we try to figure out the best solution for all of us, given our conflicting interests. Thus, the quest for impartiality tends to be a common objective for most of us, although we normally disagree on its particular contents. Generally, these formal and informal discussions about impartiality conclude in a dispute between different "epistemic" conceptions. That is to say, simply, that in these situations we begin to disagree about best procedure to defme the more neutral, impartial solution for all of us.! Basically, trying to answer this question we tend to fluctuate between two opposite positions. According to some, the best way to know which is the more impartial solution is to resort to a process of collective reflection: in those situations we have to consider the opinions of all those who are possibly affected.
Sceptical Perspectives on the Changing Constitution of the United Kingdom
This book examines the far-reaching changes made to the constitution in the United Kingdom in recent decades. It considers the way these reforms have fragmented power, once held centrally through the Crown-in-Parliament, by means of devolution, referendums, and judicial reform. It examines the reshaping of the balance of power between the executive, legislature, and the way that prerogative powers have been curtailed by statute and judicial ruling. It focuses on the Human Rights Act and the creation of the UK Supreme Court, which emboldened the judiciary to limit executive action and even to challenge Parliament, and argues that many of these symbolised an attempt to shift the 'political' constitution to a 'legal' one.Many virtues have been ascribed to these reforms. To the extent that criticism exists, it is often to argue that these reforms do not go far enough. An elected upper chamber, regional English parliaments, further electoral reform, and a codified constitution are common tonics prescribed by commentators from this point of view. This volume adopts a different approach. It provides a critical evaluation of these far-reaching reforms, drawing from the expertise of highly respected academics and experienced political figures from both the left and right. The book is an invaluable source of academic expertise and practical insights for the interested public, students, policymakers, and journalists, who too often are only exposed to the 'further reform' position.
Schadensersatz wegen vorvertraglicher Informationspflichtverletzung beim Verbraucherkredit (Bibliothek des Bank- und Kapitalmarktrechts #1)
by Christian GerckeDer europäische Gesetzgeber hat mit der Umsetzung der Verbraucherkreditrichtlinie 2008/48/EG das Informationsmodell als wesentliches Instrument des Verbraucherschutzes im Verbraucherkreditrecht verankert. Neben einem umfangreichen Katalog vorvertraglicher Informationspflichten wurde in diesem Zusammenhang erstmals auch eine sog. Erläuterungspflicht des Kreditgebers eingeführt. Die Arbeit befasst sich zunächst mit den bereits nach alter Rechtslage bestehenden Informationspflichten des Darlehensgebers. Die einzelnen Änderungen durch die Verbraucherkreditrichtlinie werden sowohl auf europäischer als auch nationaler Ebene umfassend erläutert. Zudem befasst sich die Arbeit mit den verschiedenen Konstellationen, in denen ein Schadensersatzanspruch des Verbrauchers aufgrund einer Verletzung der vorvertraglichen Informationspflichten durch den Darlehensgeber in Betracht kommt.
Schädliche traditionelle und kulturelle Praktiken im internationalen und regionalen Menschenrechtsschutz (Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht #281)
by Romy KlimkeDieses Buch befasst sich aus menschenrechtlicher Perspektive mit einer Vielzahl von Bräuchen und Riten, die als soziale Phänomene unter dem Begriff der "schädlichen traditionellen und kulturellen Praktiken" zusammengefasst werden können. Schädliche traditionelle und kulturelle Praktiken stehen heutzutage mehr denn je im Fokus öffentlicher Debatten. Angesichts der wachsenden kulturellen Vielfalt werden öffentliche Auseinandersetzungen über neue und alte Traditionen, "fremde" und "eigene" soziokulturelle Praktiken als auch die Grenzen von sozialadäquaten Selbst- und Fremdschädigungen weiter zunehmen. Die vorliegende Abhandlung erfasst und bewertet schädliche traditionelle und kulturelle Praktiken erstmals systematisch als ein universelles Phänomen und untersucht ihre menschenrechtlichen Implikationen. Damit leistet sie nicht zuletzt einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Förderung eines glaubwürdigen Menschenrechtsdiskurses innerhalb unserer heutigen pluralistischen Gesellschaften.
Schafft alle Steuern ab!: Der Obolus als Alternative: Entwurf eines einfachen, gerechten Abgabensystems
by Volker Simon HaymannDieses Buch will unser Steuerrecht an seine Wurzeln zurückführen, zu einem einfachen, gerechten und für jeden Bürger verständlichen System. Ausgehend von den gegenwärtigen Unzulänglichkeiten erläutert der Autor Schritt für Schritt seine revolutionäre Alternative, die Einführung des Obolus: eine einzige Steuer, die alle anderen Abgaben ersetzen soll. Dabei orientiert sich der Obolus nicht am Ertrag, sondern an den Einnahmen. Querverweise zur aktuellen Besteuerung machen die Vorteile offenkundig. Der Autor demonstriert anhand realer Praxisfälle, wie sich die Umstellung des bisherigen Verfahrens auf den Obolus de facto auswirken und das Steuersystem eine bisher nicht gekannte Transparenz erhalten könnte.Der Leser reibt sich verwundert die Augen und fragt sich, warum der Gesetzgeber selbst noch nicht auf diese geniale Idee gekommen ist.Der Inhalt- Unzulänglichkeiten des jetzigen Steuerrechts- Halbteilungsgrundsatz- Grundsätzliches zum Obolus- Oboluspflichtige Einnahmen- Landes- und Gemeindesteuern- Auswirkungen auf das Preisniveau- Beispielrechnungen
Schallbewertung: Grundlagen der Lärmforschung
by August SchickSchallbewertung ist eine zentrale Aufgabe der Lärmforschung. Geräusche am Arbeitsplatz, in der Freizeit, in der Umwelt allgemein können als angenehm, als störend oder sogar als schmerzhaft wahrgenommen werden. Schall stellt im einen Extrem einen Informationsträger, im anderen eine Ursache für gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen dar. Das interdisziplinäre Arbeitsfeld wird hier systematisch, teilweise der historischen Entwicklung folgend, auch für den Nicht-Fachmann verständlich, dargestellt.
Scharia-konforme Finanzinstrumente: Analyse der Rechtsnatur von sukuk und die Strukturierung nach deutschem Recht
by Said Wais AshrafniaDer Autor beschreibt die in der Praxis besonders bedeutsamen Finanzierungsinstrumente nach islamischem Recht (sukuk) und präsentiert eine Einführung in die Grundlagen der islamischen Rechtsquellen und der Methode der Entscheidungsfindung. Juristisch-dogmatisch ist die Thematik besonders interessant, weil das weltliche-wirtschaftliche Recht religionskonform ausgestaltet werden muss, um den Anforderungen der Glaubensvorschriften zu genügen. Vergleichbare Institutionen des deutschen Rechts werden aufgezeigt und analysiert sowie entsprechende Möglichkeiten einer deutsch-rechtlichen Ausgestaltung von sukuk dargestellt. Das deutsche Recht ist dabei so flexibel, dass die religiösen Vorgaben bei der Strukturierung von sukuk-Transaktionen eingehalten werden können.
Schau-Prozesse: Gericht und Theater als Bühnen des Politischen (Literatur und Recht #8)
by Kerstin Wilhelms Stefan ArnoldGerichtsprozesse wie der NSU-Prozess haben große mediale Aufmerksamkeit erfahren und sind zum Stoff von zahlreichen Theaterinszenierungen geworden. Solche publikumswirksamen ‚Schau-Prozesse‘ zeigen, wie Gericht und Theater zu Bühnen des Politischen werden. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Recht und Theater viel fundamentaler verbunden sind, als bislang diskutiert: Sie konstituieren sich gegenseitig. Theatrale Elemente sind für das Recht unverzichtbar und umgekehrt prägen Rechtsinszenierungen das Theater. Die Beiträge des interdisziplinären Bandes analysieren diese Wechselseitigkeit und fokussieren die politische Performance im Theater und im Recht.