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A Copyright Gambit: On the Need for Exclusive Rights in Digitised Versions of Public Domain Textual Materials in Europe (Munich Studies on Innovation and Competition #11)
by Sunimal MendisEuropean memory institutions are repositories of a wealth of rare documents that record public domain content. These documents are often stored in ‘dark-archives’ to which members of the public are granted limited access, resulting in the public domain content recorded therein being relegated to a form of ‘forgotten-knowledge’. Digitisation offers a means by which such public domain content can be made speedily and easily accessible to users around the world. For this reason, it has been hailed as the harbinger of a new ‘digital renaissance’. This book examines the topical issue of the need to preserve exclusivity over digitised versions of rare documents recording public domain content. Based on data gathered through an empirical survey of digitisation projects undertaken by fourteen memory institutions in five European Union Member States, it argues for the introduction of exclusive rights in digitised versions of rare documents recording public domain textual content as a means of incentivising private-sector investment in the digitisation process. It concludes by presenting a detailed proposal for a European Union Regulation that would grant memory institutions a limited-term related right in digitised versions of rare documents held in their collections subject to stringent exceptions and limitations that are designed to safeguard user interests.
Copyright in the Age of Online Access: Alternative Compensation Systems in EU law (Information Law Series Set)
by João Pedro Quintais"In addition to proving virtually impossible, online enforcement of copyright may be undesirable because it risks encroaching upon fundamental rights and freedoms. However, the problem remains that creators are often not fairly remunerated for the online use of their works. This book addresses the urgent need to study pragmatic legal solutions that enable Internet users to access works in the digital environment, while assuring remuneration to rights holders and promoting the development of the information society. This study examines legalisation schemes that favour remunerated access over exclusivity and enforcement for large-scale online use by individuals. It investigates whether and to what extent these schemes (referred to as alternative compensation systems) are admissible under EU copyright law and consistent with its objectives, responding to such questions as the following in depth: - What existing copyright schemes provide an alternative to the exclusive right in copyright law? - What online rights apply to the activities of Internet users? - What types of models exist for the legalisation of online use of copyright works? - How can the public interest shape the scope of protection of copyright? - Can and should we legalise non-commercial file sharing and online use in EU copyright law? The book carefully examines these questions in light of EU primary law, relevant directives (with a focus on the InfoSoc Directive), case law (especially that of the CJEU), and legal literature in the field of copyright. The analysis culminates with a proposed blueprint for a compensated limitation for non-commercial individual use that is consistent with EU copyright law. As a thoroughly researched and balanced response to the urgent need to rethink EU copyright law in light of its lack of social acceptance and technological adequacy, this book will be of inestimable value to lawyers, policymakers, and scholars in the field, as well as to interest groups involved in discussions for reform and modernisation of EU digital copyright law."
Copyright in the Digital Single Market: Article-by-Article Commentary to the Provisions of Directive 2019/790
by Eleonora RosatiIn 2019, the EU legislature adopted Directive 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market. The Directive is supported by a multi-faceted rationale and represents one of the most significant and ambitious EU harmonization efforts in the copyright field so far. This book provides an article-by-article commentary to all the provisions of the Directive. It is the first complete commentary to Directive 2019/790. By analyzing the history, objectives, and content of each and every provision, as well as the relationship between some of those provisions and between the Directive and the pre-existing acquis, this book provides a rational, consistent and detailed explanation of the Directive as a whole and of its individual contents. This Commentary will be a travel companion to all those who wish or need to navigate the legislative provisions that were adopted in 2019 to make EU copyright fit for the "digital single market".
Copyright in the Digital Single Market: Article-by-Article Commentary to the Provisions of Directive 2019/790
by Eleonora RosatiIn 2019, the EU legislature adopted Directive 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market. The Directive is supported by a multi-faceted rationale and represents one of the most significant and ambitious EU harmonization efforts in the copyright field so far. This book provides an article-by-article commentary to all the provisions of the Directive. It is the first complete commentary to Directive 2019/790. By analyzing the history, objectives, and content of each and every provision, as well as the relationship between some of those provisions and between the Directive and the pre-existing acquis, this book provides a rational, consistent and detailed explanation of the Directive as a whole and of its individual contents. This Commentary will be a travel companion to all those who wish or need to navigate the legislative provisions that were adopted in 2019 to make EU copyright fit for the "digital single market".
Copyright in the Information Society: A Guide to National Implementation of the European Directive, Second Edition (Elgar Intellectual Property Law and Practice series)
This substantially revised second edition evaluates the Directive on Copyright in the Information Society and its interpretation by the European Court of Justice in the light of its implementation and application in the EU’s 28 member states. Following the initial implementation of the Directive, many member states have enacted further legislation to supplement or refine their earlier implementation: this edition will take these important developments into account. Providing a snapshot of the status quo of copyright protection in the member states, this book is an indispensable tool for the national implementation of the newly adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market Key features of the updated second edition include: • Chapters authored by experts from all 28 member states, providing detailed analysis on how the Directive has been implemented and applied on a national level • Contextual chapters on the relevant WIPO treaties and the Directive that highlight areas of discretion left to national legislators • Updated review of the European Court’s case law that serves to interpret the Directive • Expanded Foreword by Dr Jörg Reinbothe, the architect of the Directive. Combining practical information on implementation of the Directive with the latest academic research this book will be of great value to policy makers, practising lawyers and researchers alike. The book will be of particular interest for the further development of copyright in the Digital Single Market since it captures the status quo of copyright protection in the member states at a decisive moment in the legislative debate.
Copyright in the Music Industry: A Practical Guide to Exploiting and Enforcing Rights (Elgar Practical Guides)
by Hayleigh BosherThis must-have book is a comprehensive yet accessible guide to copyright and related rights in the music industry. It provides clear and concise instruction on how copyright works in practice and how it applies to music specifically, as well as covering how to manage, utilise and enforce copyright, what infringement looks like and how to avoid it. The book illustrates this with relevant cases and real world examples, including practical, step-by-step guidance for stakeholders of all types. It also signposts the future of copyright in the music industry through an examination of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. Key features include: • An engaging and approachable writing style • A practical orientation for those in the industry and their advisors • The impact of social media on copyright infringement, management and remedies • Accessible explanations of key concepts in copyright and related rights, as well as commonly misunderstood topics such as sampling and fair use. Musicians, producers, copyright holders and others working in the music industry will find this an indispensable and easy-to-use resource for navigating all aspects of music copyright. It will also be of interest to academics and students of copyright law for its discussion of contemporary issues such as technology and enforcement.
Copyright Infringement (Comparative Law Yearbook Series)
by Dennis CampbellThere is little doubt that, with the emergence of the Internet, social media, video streaming, and new technologies that facilitate the pirating of copyrighted content, the issue of copyright infringement is increasingly important in a global economy. Therefore, it is timely that copyright infringement be examined here from an international perspective. In this edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, lawyers from 11 jurisdictions examine recent developments in copyright infringement. Reports are provided by practitioners from Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Copyright Infringement (Comparative Law Yearbook Series #Vol. 1997)
by Dennis CampbellThere is little doubt that, with the emergence of the Internet, social media, video streaming, and new technologies that facilitate the pirating of copyrighted content, the issue of copyright infringement is increasingly important in a global economy. Therefore, it is timely that copyright infringement be examined here from an international perspective. In this edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, lawyers from 11 jurisdictions examine recent developments in copyright infringement. Reports are provided by practitioners from Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Copyright Law: Volume III: Copyright in the 21st Century
by Benedict AtkinsonThis volume shows how, since 1950, the growth of copyright regulation has followed, and enabled, the extraordinary economic growth of the entertainment, broadcasting, software and communications industries. It reproduces articles written by an extensive list of leading thinkers. US scholars represented in readings include James Boyle, Lawrence Lessig, Pamela Samuelson, Mark Lemley, Alfred Yen, Julie Cohen, Peter Jaszi and Eben Moglen. Leading non-US contributors include Alan Story, Brian Fitzgerald and Peter Drahos. These and other authors explain copyright origins, the development of the law, the theory of enclosure, international trends, recent developments, and current and future directions. Today, the copyright system is often portrayed as an engine of growth, and effective regulation as a predictor of economic development. However, critics see dangers in the expansion of intellectual property rights. The articles in this volume focus principally on the digital age, examining how copyright regulation is likely to affect goals of dissemination and access.
Copyright Law: Volume III: Copyright in the 21st Century
by Benedict AtkinsonThis volume shows how, since 1950, the growth of copyright regulation has followed, and enabled, the extraordinary economic growth of the entertainment, broadcasting, software and communications industries. It reproduces articles written by an extensive list of leading thinkers. US scholars represented in readings include James Boyle, Lawrence Lessig, Pamela Samuelson, Mark Lemley, Alfred Yen, Julie Cohen, Peter Jaszi and Eben Moglen. Leading non-US contributors include Alan Story, Brian Fitzgerald and Peter Drahos. These and other authors explain copyright origins, the development of the law, the theory of enclosure, international trends, recent developments, and current and future directions. Today, the copyright system is often portrayed as an engine of growth, and effective regulation as a predictor of economic development. However, critics see dangers in the expansion of intellectual property rights. The articles in this volume focus principally on the digital age, examining how copyright regulation is likely to affect goals of dissemination and access.
Copyright Law and Derivative Works: Regulating Creativity (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by Omri Rachum-TwaigCopyright law regulates creativity. It affects the way people create works of authorship ex-ante and affects the status of works of authorship significantly ex-post. But does copyright law really understand creativity? Should legal theories alone inform our regulation of the creative process? This book views copyright law as a law of creativity. It asks whether copyright law understands authorship as other creativity studies fields do. It considers whether copyright law should incorporate non-legal theories, and if so, how it should be adjusted in their light. For this purpose, the book focuses on one of the many rights that copyright law regulates – the right to make a derivative work. A work is considered derivative when it is based on one or more preexisting works. Today, the owner of a work of authorship has the exclusive right to make derivative works based on her original work or to allow others to do so. The book suggests a new way to think about both the right, the tension, and copyright law at large. It proposes relying on non-legal fields like cognitive psychology and genre theories, and offers new legal-theoretical justifications for the right to make derivative works. As the first book to consider the intersection between copyright law, creativity and derivative works, this will be a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners interested in intellectual property and copyright law.
Copyright Law and Derivative Works: Regulating Creativity (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by Omri Rachum-TwaigCopyright law regulates creativity. It affects the way people create works of authorship ex-ante and affects the status of works of authorship significantly ex-post. But does copyright law really understand creativity? Should legal theories alone inform our regulation of the creative process? This book views copyright law as a law of creativity. It asks whether copyright law understands authorship as other creativity studies fields do. It considers whether copyright law should incorporate non-legal theories, and if so, how it should be adjusted in their light. For this purpose, the book focuses on one of the many rights that copyright law regulates – the right to make a derivative work. A work is considered derivative when it is based on one or more preexisting works. Today, the owner of a work of authorship has the exclusive right to make derivative works based on her original work or to allow others to do so. The book suggests a new way to think about both the right, the tension, and copyright law at large. It proposes relying on non-legal fields like cognitive psychology and genre theories, and offers new legal-theoretical justifications for the right to make derivative works. As the first book to consider the intersection between copyright law, creativity and derivative works, this will be a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners interested in intellectual property and copyright law.
Copyright Law and the Information Society in Asia (Studies in Industrial Property and Copyright Law)
by Christopher Heath Kung-Chung LiuThe book takes a look at the six most important current topics arising from copyright law in the information society, and for each topic provides an in-depth introduction that compares the approaches taken in Europe and the US. Each topic is introduced by an expert, and the issues are then analysed in separate country reports representing nine Asian jurisdictions: China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines. The six topics are:The Expansion of Copyright Law and its Social Justification: Introduction by Reto Hilty, Max Planck Institute, MunichInternet Trade, Digital Works and Parallel Imports: Introduction by Christopher Heath, European Patent Office, MunichThe Collective Exercise of Copyrights: Introduction by Kung Chung Liu, Academia Sinica, TaiwanThe Law on Anti-Circumvention and Digital Rights Management: Introduction by Andy Sun, National Chenchi University, Taipei, Taiwan and Zhi Wei, Peking University, BeijingCopyright Contracts, Public Policy and Antitrust: Introduction by Estelle Derclaye, Queen Mary University of LondonContributory and Vicarious Liability for Copyright Infringement: Introduction by Andy Sun, National Chenchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
Copyright Law and the Public Interest in the Nineteenth Century
by Isabella AlexanderCopyright law is commonly described as carrying out a balancing act between the interests of authors or owners and those of the public. While much academic work, both historical and contemporary, has been done on the authorship side of the equation, this book examines the notion of public interest, and the way that concepts of public interest and the rhetoric surrounding it have been involved in shaping the law of copyright. While many histories of copyright focus on the eighteenth century, this book's main concern is with the period after 1774. The nineteenth century was the period during which the boundaries of copyright, as we know it today, were drawn and ideas of “public interest” were integral to this process, but in different, and complex, ways. The book engages with this complexity by moving beyond debates about the appropriate duration of copyright, and considers the development of other important features of copyright law, such as the requirement of legal deposit, the principle that some works will not be subject to copyright protection on the grounds of public interest, and the law of infringement. While the focus of the book is on literary copyright, it also traces the expansion of copyright to cover new subject matters, such as music, dramatic works and lectures. The book concludes by examining the making of the 1911 Imperial Copyright Act – the statute upon which the law of copyright in Britain, and in all former British colonies, is based. The history traced in this book has considerable relevance to debates over the scope of copyright law in the present day; it emphasises the contingency and complexity of copyright law's development and current shape, as well as encouraging a critical approach to the justifications for copyright law.
Copyright Law and Translation: Access to Knowledge in Developing Economies (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by Chamila S. TalagalaArguing that the translation of scientific and technical learning materials, and the publication of these translations in a timely and affordable manner, is crucially important in promoting access to scientific and technical knowledge in the developing world, this book examines the relationship between copyright law, translation and access to knowledge. Taking Sri Lanka as a case study in comparison with India and Bangladesh, it identifies factors that have contributed to the unfavourable relationship between copyright law and the timely and affordable translation of scientific and technical learning materials, such as colonisation, international copyright law, the trade interests of the developing economies and a lack of expertise and general lack of awareness surrounding copyright law in the developing world. Highlighting the need to reform international copyright law to promote the needs and interests of developing countries such as Sri Lanka, the book points to a possible way forward for developing countries to achieve this and to address the problem of striking a proper and delicate balance in their copyright laws between the protection of translation rights and the ability of people to access translations of copyright protected scientific and technical learning materials.
Copyright Law and Translation: Access to Knowledge in Developing Economies (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by Chamila S. TalagalaArguing that the translation of scientific and technical learning materials, and the publication of these translations in a timely and affordable manner, is crucially important in promoting access to scientific and technical knowledge in the developing world, this book examines the relationship between copyright law, translation and access to knowledge. Taking Sri Lanka as a case study in comparison with India and Bangladesh, it identifies factors that have contributed to the unfavourable relationship between copyright law and the timely and affordable translation of scientific and technical learning materials, such as colonisation, international copyright law, the trade interests of the developing economies and a lack of expertise and general lack of awareness surrounding copyright law in the developing world. Highlighting the need to reform international copyright law to promote the needs and interests of developing countries such as Sri Lanka, the book points to a possible way forward for developing countries to achieve this and to address the problem of striking a proper and delicate balance in their copyright laws between the protection of translation rights and the ability of people to access translations of copyright protected scientific and technical learning materials.
Copyright Law In An Age Of Limitations And Exceptions (Cambridge Intellectual Property and Information Law)
by Ruth L. OkedijiCopyright Law in an Age of Limitations and Exceptions brings together leading copyright scholars and the field's foremost authorities to consider the critical role of copyright law in shaping the complex social, economic, and political interaction critical for cultural productivity and human flourishing. The book addresses defining issues facing copyright law today, including justifications for copyright law's limitations and exceptions (L&Es), the role of authors in copyright, users' rights, fair use politics and reform, the three-step test in European copyright law, the idea/expression principle with respect to functional works, limits on the use of L&Es in scientific innovation, and L&Es as a tool for economic development in international copyright law. The book also presents case studies on the historical development of the concept of 'neighbouring rights' and on Harvard Law School's pioneering model of global copyright education, made possible by the exercise of L&Es across national borders.
Copyright Law in the Digital Society: The Challenges of Multimedia
by Tanya AplinMultimedia technology is a key component of the Digital Society. This book comprehensively examines the extent to which copyright and database right protect multimedia works. It does so from the perspective of UK law, but with due attention being paid to EU law, international treaties and comparative developments in other jurisdictions, such as Australia and the U.S. The central argument of the book is that the copyright and database right regimes are, for the most part, flexible enough to meet the challenges presented by multimedia. As a result, it is neither necessary nor desirable to introduce separate copyright protection or sui generis protection for multimedia works.This important and original new work will be essential reading for any lawyer engaged in advising on IP matters relating to the new media industries, and scholars and students working in intellectual property and computer law.
Copyright Law in the Digital World: Challenges and Opportunities
by Manoj Kumar Sinha Vandana MahalwarThis book addresses the key issues, challenges and implications arising out of changes in the copyright law and corresponding judicial responses. Using concrete examples, the book does not assume any prior knowledge of copyright law, but brings together leading intellectual property researchers to consider the significant role of copyright law in shaping the needs of the modern digital world. It provides an insight into two distinct arenas: copyright and digital media. The exponential increase in the ability to multiply and disseminate information by digital means has sparked numerous conflicts pertaining to copyright – and in turn has prompted lawmakers to expand the scope of copyright protection in the digital age. Bearing in mind the new questions that the advent of the digital age has raised on the role and function of copyright, the book presents a collection of papers largely covering new frontiers and changing horizons especially in this area. The contributions intensively address core issues including the exhaustion principle, copyright and digital media, liability of hosting service providers, the originality requirement, accessibility to published works for the visually disabled, criminalization of copyright infringement, and software protection under copyright law, among others. Consisting of 14 papers, this book will be equally interesting to researchers, policymakers, practitioners and lawmakers, especially those active in the field of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).
The Copyright Law of Spatial Data
by Kanchana Kariyawasam Rangika Palliyaarachchi Glenn CampbellThis book provides a thorough comparative analysis of copyright protection of spatial data across Australia, the United States of America (USA), and the European Union.With the emergence of terrestrial scanners, drones, robotics, and artificial intelligence (AI), the acquisition of data has recently reshaped the landscape of the survey industry, highlighting the importance of protecting the intellectual rights of surveyors. This book investigates the distinct approaches taken by each jurisdiction in protecting copyrights in spatial data and explores commonalities and disparities between these jurisdictions, highlighting best practices. The book also explores the alternative means of protecting spatial data and provides final recommendations aimed at policymakers, with the overarching objective of nurturing a balanced copyright system.This book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of copyright law and spatial data.
The Copyright Law of Spatial Data
by Kanchana Kariyawasam Rangika Palliyaarachchi Glenn CampbellThis book provides a thorough comparative analysis of copyright protection of spatial data across Australia, the United States of America (USA), and the European Union.With the emergence of terrestrial scanners, drones, robotics, and artificial intelligence (AI), the acquisition of data has recently reshaped the landscape of the survey industry, highlighting the importance of protecting the intellectual rights of surveyors. This book investigates the distinct approaches taken by each jurisdiction in protecting copyrights in spatial data and explores commonalities and disparities between these jurisdictions, highlighting best practices. The book also explores the alternative means of protecting spatial data and provides final recommendations aimed at policymakers, with the overarching objective of nurturing a balanced copyright system.This book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of copyright law and spatial data.
Copyright Perspectives: Past, Present and Prospect
by Brian Fitzgerald John GilchristThis book provides international and domestic perspectives on the law of copyright and is led by a foreword on the future of copyright by Dr Francis Gurry, Director General of WIPO and a chapter on the lessons for copyright policy in classical Roman law, by Justice Arthur Emmett. The body of this collection covers current perspectives in the digital age, from the application of the Berne Convention, to time shifting and intermediary copyright liability, as well as perspectives from developing and developed countries covering laws, user rights, open access, government use of copyright material and the use of the criminal law to proscribe copyright infringement.
Copyright, Property and the Social Contract: The Reconceptualisation Of Copyright
by John Gilchrist Brian FitzgeraldThis book provides international perspectives on the law of copyright in relation to three core themes - copyright and developing countries; the government and copyright; and technology and the future of copyright. The third theme includes an examination of the extent to which technology will dictate the development of the law, and a re-examination of the role of copyright in fostering innovation and creativity. As a critique, one chapter discusses how certain rights can create or reinforce social inequality under copyright royalty systems. Underlying these themes is the role the law of copyright has in encouraging or impeding human flourishing.
Copyright Protection of Computer Software in the United Kingdom
by Stanley LaiThis work analyses the scope of copyright protection for computer software in the United Kingdom,and examines challenges for the future. The work presents the case for the adoption and application of infringement methodology emanating from the courts in the United States, resulting in a narrower scope of protection than is presently argued for by many UK academics, practitioners and judges alike. The work makes a careful evaluation of the efficacy of the various prevailing tests for infringement of copyright in software and their progenies, suggesting an improved formula and advocating the utility of limiting doctrines to assist in the determination of substantial similarity of particular non-literal software elements, user interfaces and screen display protection. The monograph also contains a detailed study of reverse engineering, copyright defences, permitted acts, database protection and the copyright-contract interface in the context of computer software, not omitting crucial discussions of the internet, digital dissemination and the impact of recent treaty and legislative initiatives on British copyright law. As such it will be an important resource for practitioners, lecturers and students alike.
Copyright Protection of Unpublished Works in the Common Law World
by Patrick MasiyakurimaThis book discusses copyright protection of unpublished works including letters, diaries, manuscripts, photographs, memoranda, sketches, private journals, government records and drafts intended for future publication. Under contemporary British copyright law, unpublished works are protected by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. In addition, the Berne Convention anticipates that unpublished works shall receive protection. While unpublished works are, in general, assimilated to the treatment of published ones, notable differences in the strength of protection afforded to published and unpublished works remain. It is the case that contemporary British copyright law confers stronger and longer protection on unpublished works. For instance, the unpublished status of a work assumes pivotal significance in the framework for determining: qualification for copyright protection, the extent of copyright protection, exceptions to copyright infringement and the remedies for copyright infringement.The principal aim of the book is to consider whether copyright in unpublished works is justified; a task which is prosecuted from historical, normative and legal perspectives. Although the book's primary focus is the treatment of unpublished works in Britain, it also relies extensively on materials from other Common Law jurisdictions. The book contributes to the understanding of why cumulative protection of unpublished works emerged, and how exceptions to rights in unpublished works evolved. Moreover, the analysis deployed in the book aids the task of applying the law to 'new circumstances'.