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Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2267)
by James J. ManfrediThis volume explores the latest advancements in the field of cell cycle checkpoints and their implications for human diseases. Chapters in this book cover topics such as post-translationally modified p53 by western blotting; CHK1 cellular localization by immunofluorescence microscopy; DNA affinity purification; knockdown of target genes by siRNA in vitro; and calreticulin exposure in mitotic catastrophe. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researcher interested in learning more about this developing field.
Cell Cycle Control (Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation #22)
by Michele PaganoAddressing the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle, this book brings together experts to cover all aspects of the field, clearly and unambiguously, delineating what is commonly accepted in the field from the problems that remain unsolved. It will thus appeal to a large audience: basic and clinical scientists involved in the study of cell growth, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and cancer, as well as graduates and postgraduates.
Cell Cycle Control and Dysregulation Protocols: Cyclins, Cyclin-dependent Kinases, And Other Factors (Methods in Molecular Biology #285)
by Antonio Giordano and Gaetano RomanoCell Cycle Control and Dysregulation Protocols focuses on emerging methodologies for studying the cell cycle, kinases, and kinase inhibitors. It addresses the issue of gene expression in vivo and in vitro, the analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, protein degradation mediated by the proteosome, the analysis of the transformed cell phenotype, and innovative techniques to detect apoptosis. Because there are already many manuals and protocols available, along with commercial kits and reagents, a variety of the more common techniques have not been included in our book. The protocols described, based on rather sophisticated techniques for in vivo and in vitro studies, consist of molecular biology, biochemistry, and various types of immunoassays. Indeed, the authors have successfully accomplished an arduous task by presenting several topics in the simplest possible manner. We are confident that Cell Cycle Control and Dysregulation Protocols will facilitate and optimize the work of practical scientists involved in researching the cell cycle. We greatly acknowledge the extraordinary contribution of the authors in writing this book.
Cell Cycle Deregulation in Cancer (Current Cancer Research)
by Greg H. EndersCancer is fundamentally a disease of abnormal cell proliferation: Cancer cells multiply when and where they should not. This proliferation entails escape from normal bounds imposed by the tissue environment, the internal biology of the cell (DNA damage, chromosomal imbalances, disorganized mitotic spindles), and the proliferative history of the cell (normal generational times). Some of the key oncogenic events in cancer directly perturb proteins that regulate progression through the cell division cycle, others alter cell cycle progression indirectly, through effects on signaling pathway that impinge on the cell cycle. This biology is fundamentally important in cancer therapy. Many of the workhorse treatments for cancer rely on killing proliferating cells. Furthermore, there is growing recognition that stem cell-transit amplifying cell hierarchies may persist or be generated during tumorigenesis, generating important functional heterogeneity in cell cycle control among tumor cells, with far-reaching scientific and clinical implications. This volume outlines major cell cycle perturbations that drive tumorigenesis and considers the prospects for using such knowledge in cancer therapy.
The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System (Contemporary Neuroscience)
by Damir JanigroCell Cycle in the Central Nervous System overviews the changes in cell cycle as they relate to prenatal and post natal brain development, progression to neurological disease or tumor formation.Topics covered range from the cell cycle during the prenatal development of the mammalian central nervous system to future directions in postnatal neurogenesis through gene transfer, electrical stimulation, and stem cell introduction. Additional chapters examine the postnatal development of neurons and glia, the regulation of cell cycle in glia, and how that regulation may fail in pretumor conditions or following a nonneoplastic CNS response to injury. Highlights include treatments of the effects of deep brain stimulation on brain development and repair; the connection between the electrophysiological properties of neuroglia, cell cycle, and tumor progression; and the varied immunological responses and their regulation by cell cycle.
Cell Cycle Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Current Strategies (Cancer Drug Discovery and Development)
by Kenneth J. Soprano AntonioGiordanoLeading clinicians and investigators review in a comprehensible and user-friendly style all the latest information about the molecular biology of cell cycle control and demonstrate its clinical relevance to understanding neoplastic diseases. Topics range from Cdk inhibitors and cell cycle regulators to the prognostic value of p27 and tumor suppressor genes as diagnostic tools. Actual case studies show how the new molecular understanding has produced such drugs as Flavopiridol and Sulindac. The book brings all the recent critical research findings to bear on clinical practice, and clearly shows their powerful impact on the diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of cancer, AIDS, and cardiovascular disease.
Cell Cycle - Materials and Methods (Springer Lab Manuals)
by Michele PaganoDuring their lifetime, especially when growing and dividing, cells go through various steps of the cell cycle. Knowledge of the individual steps of the cell cycle will help us understand the development of a variety of diseases better, including cancer, and also to design new drugs against it. New techniques for studying the molecular basis of these processes have recently been developed and are described in detail in this manual.A glossary helps the reader to cope with the complex cell cycle terminology.
Cell-Cycle Mechanisms and Neuronal Cell Death (Neuroscience Intelligence Unit)
by Agata Copani Ferdinando NicolettiCell-Cycle Mechanisms and Neuronal Cell Death examines the role of cell cycle activation in the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal degeneration. Leading Authors discuss this topic in relation to the major neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and epilepsy. This book serves to gain new insights into the molecular determinants of neuronal death and to establish new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems
by Antonio Giordano Umberto GalderisiComplex physiopathological relationships have been proven to exist between two of the body’s most vital organs; the brain and the heart. In Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems Antonio Giordano, Umberto Galderisi and a panel of the most respected authorities in their field offer an in-depth analysis of the differentiation process in two systems that have profound relationships with one another. The text looks at several aspects of the cardiovascular and nervous systems from a new point of view, describing the differences and similarities in their differentiation pathways with an emphasis on the role of cell cycle regulation and cell differentiation. Topics discussed include neurogenesis in the central nervous system, neural stem cells, and the basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors in neural differentiation. Ground-breaking and authoritative, Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems is a must have for all researchers in cardiovascular medicine and neuroscience and will prompt the scientific community to perceive cell cycle regulation and differentiation under a novel and more comprehensive light.
Cell Death: Mechanism and Disease
by Hao WuBeginning from centuries of anecdotal descriptions of cell death, such as those on the development of the midwife toad in 1842 by Carl Vogt, to modern-day investigations of cell death as a biological discipline, it has become accepted that cell death in multicellular organisms is a normal part of life. This book provides a comprehensive view of cell death, from its mechanisms of initiation and execution, to its implication in human disease and therapy.Physiological cell death plays critical roles in almost all aspects of biology, and the book details its roles in lymphocyte homeostasis, neuronal function, metabolism, and the DNA damage response. When physiological cell death goes awry, diseases can arise, and cancer is presented as a central paradigm for the consequences of derangements in the interplay between cell survival and cell death. At the same time, the potential promise of targeted therapies aimed at interdicting cell death machineries are also discussed extensively. The molecular mechanisms that underlie apoptotic cell death are illustrated from the perspectives of both the intrinsic, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the extrinsic, death receptor pathway. Key players in these pathways, such as the Bcl2 family proteins, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, caspases, death receptor adapter proteins, and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, are presented from both functional and structural angles. Until only a few years ago, programmed cell death has been considered essentially synonymous with apoptosis. However, we now know that programmed cell death can also take other forms such as necrosis or necroptosis, and to this end, the mechanisms that underlie programmed necrosis in development and host defense are illustrated. The past twenty plus years have seen an incredible growth of research in cell death, with one breakthrough after another, and the legacy still goes on with constant new surprises and findings. Long live cell death!
Cell Death and Diseases of the Nervous System (Contemporary Neuroscience Ser.)
by Rajiv R. Ratan Vassilis E. KoliatsosIt is an honor to be asked to write a foreword for this timely book, which assembles contributions from authorities working in the area of pathological nervous system cell death, and has been expertly edited by Vassilis Koliatsos and Rajiv Ratan. That the inap propriate demise of brain or spinal cord cells is at the root of many neurological diseases has been appreciated since the early days of microscopic neuropathology, but it has only been in the last decade or so that pervasive therapeutic nihilism has lifted. In the journey of medical progress, we have reached the shores of a marvelous new land. Three major scientific thrusts in particular have converged to produce the press of ideas covered here. First, burgeoning information about the fundamental nature of central nervous system cell--(;ell signaling, both the fast signaling mediated by conventional neu rotransmitters and the usually slower signaling mediated by neuromodulators and growth factors. A central theme emerging in recent years has been the duality of these signaling mechanisms, which serve the nervous system in health, but which can become the very mediators of neuronal or glial cell degeneration in disease settings. Glutamate-mediated neurotransmission and excitotoxicity have been the defining and best-studied examples, but many other examples have also emerged. Second, delineation of the molecular under pinnings of programmed cell death, and an appreciation of their awesome power.
Cell Death in Mammalian Ovary
by Gerardo H. Vázquez-Nin María Luisa Escobar M. De Felici Olga Margarita Echeverría Francesca Gioia KlingerThe ovary is a suitable organ for studying the processes of cell death. Cell death was first described in the rabbit ovary (Graaffian follicles), the phenomenon being called ‘chromatolysis’. To date, it is recognized that various forms of cell death (programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy) are essential components of ovarian development and function. Programmed cell death is responsable for the ovarian endowment of primordial follicles around birth; in the prepuberal and adult period, apoptosis is a basic mechanism by which oocytes are eliminated by cancer therapies and environmental toxicants; in the ovarian cycle, follicular atresia and luteal regression involve follicular cell apoptosis. Finally, abnormalities in cell death processes may lead to ovarian disease such as cancer and chemoresistance. In this book, after an introductory description of various forms of cell death and of the ovary development and function in mammals, the processes of cell death in ovarian somatic cells and oocytes are described at cytological, physiological and molecular levels and analyzed in the embryonic, prepuberal and adult ovary. A complex array of molecular pathways triggered by extrinsic and intrinsic signals able tor induce or suppress cell death in the same cell, according to cell type and ovary developmental stage, emerges. Physiological interactions with the axis hypothalamus-hypophysis as well as ovarian internal functional signal are also critically reviewed to explain the abortive development of follicles before the beginning of the ovarian cycle. The book conveys information useful to the updating of biologists and physicians who are interested to the ovary biology and functions. Hopefully it should provide also clues for stimulating novel experiments in the study of cell death in the mammalian ovary still at an early stage.
Cell Death in Reproductive Physiology (Serono Symposia USA)
by MartinTenniswood Jerome F. Strauss Jonathan L. TillyThe regulation of cell death in various reproductive tissues, as in other ma jor organ systems of the body, has become a focal point of research activity in many laboratories over the past few years. As such, the need for a "for mal" meeting to highlight recent work in this field, as well as to integrate knowledge from other sources (such as investigators working on cell death in cancer and immune function) in the broad context of identifying con served pathways that coordinate life-and-death decisions in diverse cell types, became apparent. Therefore, the goals of the Scientific Committee of the International Symposium on Cell Death in Reproductive Physiology, spon sored by Serono Symposia USA, were already predetermined by this need. Simply stated, we sought to bring together for the first time a select cohort of reproductive biologists and cell death researchers, many but not all cho sen based on their pioneering efforts in elucidating the fundamental aspects of apoptosis in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues, as a means to re view the current status of the field, foster new ideas, and promote scientific collaborations. In the ensuing chapters of this book, summaries of work dis cussed at the meeting are presented to emphasize both the diversity and the similarities in the occurrence and regulation of apoptosis in tissues of the male and female reproductive systems.
Cell death in the morphogenesis and teratogenesis of the heart (Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology #51/3)
by T. PexiederIn spite of the continuing progress of research in the fields of cellular and molecular biology, which has oriented many embryologists towards molecular biology, no concrete explanation of morphogenesis has yet been found. The present state of knowledge of heart development is characterized by an enormous discrepancy between the qualitative descriptions of what happens on the organ level and the more or less quantitative information on subcellular and molecular events. It is generally not understood how cells form tissues and how tissues generate particular forms of an organ. In an attempt to fill the gaps we systematically studied in the period 1968 to 1973 one of the general but rather neglected morphogenetic mechanisms which integrates cells into tissues and organs-cell death. Only a small part of our research on cell death in the development of chick, rat and human embryo hearts has as yet been published in extenso. Most of it has been communicated in papers delivered at different scientific meetings. We would like to use the opportunity offered by Advances to present a syn thesis and integrative review of our results. In this way the actual period of discovery of the existence of cell death and of its morphogenetic role in the heart development come to an end. This opens up the next phase of our research which consists in studies of how cell death is integrated with other morphogenetic mechanisms.
Cell Death Signaling in Cancer Biology and Treatment (Cell Death in Biology and Diseases #1)
by Daniel E. JohnsonA key goal in the treatment of cancer is to achieve selective and efficient killing of tumor cells. The aim of Cell Death Signaling in Cancer Biology and Treatment is to describe state-of-the-art approaches and future opportunities for achieving this goal by targeting mechanisms and pathways that regulate cancer cell death. In this book, molecular defects in cell death signaling that characterize cancer cells, including dysregulation of cell death due to overexpression/hyperactivation of oncoproteins, as well as the loss of tumor suppressor proteins will be described. The potential for targeting microRNAs will be discussed. Multiple chapters will describe preclinical and clinical approaches that are currently being used to target epigenetic modifications, DNA repair pathways, and protein chaperones, as a means of provoking tumor cell death. Finally, the development and application of novel agents and approaches for targeting specific components of cell death signaling pathways and machinery will be reviewed.
Cell Division Machinery and Disease (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1002)
by Monica Gotta Patrick MeraldiThis book critically evaluates the causal link between cell division machinery and disease. Further, it identifies key open questions in the field and the means for exploring them. Throughout the various chapters, internationally known contributors present the evidence for and against a causal link between key elements of the cell division machinery and diseases such as cancer, neuropathologies, aging, and infertility. A more clinically oriented chapter further discusses the current and future applications of anti-mitotic drugs in these diseases. Cell Division Machinery and Disease is essential reading for graduate or advanced graduate students, researchers or scientists working on cell division as well as clinicians interested in the molecular mechanisms of the discussed diseases.
Cell Encapsulation Technology and Therapeutics: (pdf)
by T. M. S. Chang Willem M. Kühtreiber Robert P. Lanza William L. Chick
Cell Engineering (Cell Engineering #1)
by Mohamed Al-RubeaiIntegrating advances in molecular biology into bioprocesses presents a continuous challenge to scientists and bioengineers. This series is conceived to help meet this challenge. It examines and assesses the feasibility of new approaches for the modification of cellular function such as gene expression, protein processing, secretion, glycosylation, immortalisation, proliferation, and apoptosis as well as the systematic study of the metabolic genotype-phenotype relationship. The series provides detailed coverage of the methodology for improving cellular properties of cells used in the production of biopharmaceuticals, gene and cell therapies and tissue engineering. It also seeks to explain the cellular mechanisms underlying in vitro physiological activity and productivity. This volume, which is based on presentations at the `European Workshop on Animal Cell Engineering' held in Costa Brava, Spain, contains a collection of chapters relating to cellular function and modification by leading authorities in several different areas of basic research and the biopharmaceutical industry.
Cell Engineering: Transient Expression (Cell Engineering #2)
by MohamedAl-RubeaiThe advantages of the baculovirus system are rooted in the properties of the virus and the host (insect, or cell lines derived from it). During the normal infection cycle, two forms of the virus are produced: an early budded virus (BY) form (Kost et al. , 2000), in which the viral DNA and structural proteins are surrounded by membrane derived from the infected cell; and a late occluded form (occlusion-derived virus, ODy), consisting of enveloped viral cores which are embedded in a crystal matrix of viral proteins. The principal component of the matrix is the abundantly expressed protein polyhedrin. The budded virus rapidly spreads the infection from cell to cell within the insect host, resulting ultimately in the complete liquefaction of the host, and release of occluded virus into the environment. The occluded form protects the released virus, allowing it to survive for long periods in the environment until ingested by another host. In the alkaline environment ofthe insect gut, the protective protein matrix is removed, and the life cycle is repeated. In insect cell cultures, only the BV form of baculovirus is required, and the polyhedrin gene may be replaced with the gene for the recombinant protein. An additional benefit of replacing or deleting polyhedrin is that it effectively makes the virus unable to survive outside the laboratory, an advantage in terms of environmental safety. The system is intrinsically safe to animals, being unable to replicate in species other than a limited range of insects.
Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #343)
by John E. JohnsonThe means by which non-enveloped viruses penetrate cellular membranes during cell entry remain poorly defined. Recent findings indicate several members of this group share a common mechanism of membrane penetration in which the virus particle undergoes programmed conformational changes, leading to capsid disassembly and release of small membrane-interacting peptides. A complete understanding of host cell entry by this minimal system will help elucidate the mechanisms of non-enveloped virus membrane penetration in general
Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Cancer
by Roy Zent Ambra PozziCancer was thought to originate from alterations in intercellular signaling that resulted in the transformation of cells, their uncontrolled proliferation and metastasis. There is now an increasing body of evidence demonstrating that the surrounding matrix and cell-matrix interactions are also major players in this process. Cells adhere and receive signals from various extracellular matrices via transmembrane receptors, the best known of which are the heterodimeric glycoproteins, integrins.
Cell-free DNA as Diagnostic Markers: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1909)
by Valentina Casadio Samanta SalviThis book describes the most important techniques used for studying cfDNA in the different samples; serum, plasma, urine. Chapters detail methods on liquid biopsy for cancer disease, methods in cancer, epigenetic modifications, fetal and pediatric diseases, physical activity, and urinary cell free DNA. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cell-Free DNA as Diagnostic Markers: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Cell-Free Protein Production: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #607)
by Yaeta Endo, Kazuyuki Takai and Takuya UedaDuring the past decade as the data on gene sequences and expression patterns rapidly accumulated, cell-free protein synthesis technology has also experienced a revolution, becoming a powerful tool for the preparation of proteins for their functional and structural analysis. In Cell-Free Protein Production: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field contribute detailed techniques, the uses of which expand deep into the studies of biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology. Beginning briefly with basic methods and historical aspects, the book continues with thorough coverage of protein preparation methods, the preparation of proteins that are generally difficult to prepare in their functional forms, applications of the cell-free technologies to protein engineering, as well as some methods that are expected to constitute a part of future technologies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, the chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cell-Free Protein Production: Methods and Protocols aims to help researchers continue the growth of the vital exploration of cell-free sciences and technologies in order to better understand the dynamic lives of cells.
Cell Function and Disease
by L. CanedoThe new experimental tools and approaches of modern biology have allowed us to better understand many fundamental properties of the eukaryotic cells. These significant discoveries have drastically changed the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of modern clinical practice. On April 18-22, 1988, an International Symposium on Cell Function and Disease was held in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, aimed at reviewing some of the most recent advances made in the following five areas: Genes and Human Diseases; Cellular and Molecular Pathology; Infectious Diseases; Brain Transplants and the New Approaches and Techniques with Potential Application to Cell Function and Disease. This book is based on the contributed papers of the symposium. To underline the importance of the clinical approach to the study of cell function and disease a section on this subject was added at the end of the book. The chapters in this volume include contributions by some of the leading scientists of the international scientific community and Mexico. During the course of this international conference, numerous discussions were held by the local and international representatives of the scientific community concerning the creation of an International Center of Molecular Medicine aimed at stimulating further interaction between molecular biologists, biochemists, biophyscists and clinicians. Such ideas received the endorsement and support of the Director General of the united Nations Educational and Scientific Organization (UNESCO), Federico Mayor, the Governor of the State of Nuevo Leon, Jorge Trevino, and the Secretary of Health of Mexico, Guillermo Soberon.
Cell Fusion: Overviews and Methods (Methods in Molecular Biology #475)
by Elizabeth H. ChenExciting work in the past decade has revealed commonalities and differences among individual cell fusion events. In Cell Fusion: Overviews and Methods, a team of leading experts provide a collection of overviews that outline our current understanding of cell fusion and methods that present classic and state-of-the-art experimental approaches in a variety of systems. Divided into two convenient parts, the volume begins with nine overviews which describe different cell fusion events in models from yeast to mammals, and it continues with thirteen chapters illustrating commonly used methods to assay cell fusion in particular systems. As a part of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, these methods chapters compile step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols with lists of the necessary materials and reagents, along with tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and user-friendly, Cell Fusion: Overviews and Methods serves as a comprehensive resource for anyone, expert or novice, interested in the fascinating biological process of cell fusion.