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Decentralization and Health Policy in South Asia: A Comparative Approach (Routledge Global Health Series)

This ambitious and insightful book provides a unique regional perspective on health policy across South Asia, focusing on how the decentralization of policy and governance leads to differing health outcomes across different countries in the region.Comparing the contexts and outcomes in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, the book asks how power sharing arrangements between central and subnational layers of government nevertheless result in varying levels of success across issues such as infant and under-five mortality rates. The book argues that it is the role of central government in formulating policy, and how this feeds into regional implementation, that partly explains the disparities in health outcomes across the region.The book will interest students and scholars of South Asia politics, global health and health policy more generally.

Decentralizing Health Services: A Global Perspective

Decentralizing Health ServicesA Global Perspective Krishna Regmi, editor Current economic, demographic, and environmental shifts are presenting major challenges to health care systems around the world. In response, decentralization--the transfer of control from central to local authorities--is emerging as a successful means of meeting these challenges and reducing inequities of care. But as with health care itself, one size does not fit all, and care systems must be responsive to global reality as well as local demand. Decentralizing Health Services explores a variety of applications of decentralization to health care delivery in both the developing and developed worlds. Outfitted with principles, blueprints, and examples, this ambitious text clearly sets out the potential role of decentralized care as a major player in public health. Its models of service delivery illustrate care that is effective, inclusive, flexible, and in tune with the current era of preventive and evidence-based healthcare . Contributors point out opportunities, caveats, and controversies as they: Clarify the relationships among decentralization, politics, and policyDifferentiate between political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization in health care systemsConsider public/private partnerships in health systemsExplain how the effects of decentralization can be evaluated.Present the newest data on the health outcomes of decentralizationExplore some challenges and global issues of health systems in the 21st centuryAnd each chapter features learning goals, discussion questions, activities, and recommendations for further readingHeralding changes poised to revolutionize care, Decentralizing Health Services will broaden the horizons of researchers and administrators in health services, health economics, and health policy

Decentring Health and Care Networks: Reshaping the Organization and Delivery of Healthcare (Organizational Behaviour in Healthcare)

Networks have become a prominent template for public service governance. Often seen as an alternative to hierarchies and contracts, networks cross institutionalized organizational or sectoral boundaries to promote collaboration and the sharing of resources when addressing complex problems. Nowhere is this more the case than in the field of health services modernization and improvement. Comprising unique empirical contributions, drawn primarily from the experience of the UK National Health Service (NHS), this edited collection develops a ‘decentred’ analysis of health and care networks. Contributors look beyond particular structures or patterns of governance and focus instead on the interpretation of the meaningful practices of policy actors as they encounter and enact policy instruments and structures. The approach offers a distinct form of analysis that deepens and enriches more traditional public policy accounts of network governance. It recognizes the influence of local history, highlights the influence of dominant economic, technical and corporate narratives, and acknowledges the continued influence of biomedical knowledge and professional expertise. Offering practical insight for current and future service leaders about the challenges of implementing, managing and working within networks, this book draws out key messages for practitioners and researchers alike.

Deciphering Drug Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease

This book explains the fundamental characteristics and biofunctionality of Alzheimer’s Disease drug targets and provides up-to-date information on the full range of their biomedical applications. An introductory section gives an overview of the recent developments related to drug targets identified and studied related to Alzheimer’s Disease and key developments from preclinical and clinical studies focusing on various molecular targets related to AD and dementia by subject experts all around the globe. Here, individual chapters address the progress and perspectives in human and non-human research, role of various biomarkers as an overview, advanced gene therapy, and novel compounds for therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. The book will be essential reading for graduate students, scientists, and engineers in any of the biomedical research fields in which efforts are being made to utilize novel drug targets and develop effective strategies for new drug targeting and delivery in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

Deciphering Growth (Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions)

Growth is a complex process that is essential to life. Not only does size play an important role in the process of cellular proliferation, but body size is also a critical factor in determining which organisms live longer. Evolution has been characterised by a dramatic increase in an organism’s body size, which is not only limited to the size of the brain.

Deciphering Motivation in Psychotherapy (Critical Issues in Psychiatry)

I have often stated to students that I felt that one of the most important characteristics of a psychotherapist is the ability to tolerate ambiguity. As Allen so aptly points out in this creative and valuable book, my observa­ tion contains an implicit assumption that requires a clear statement in order for it to be understood. Before ambiguity can be tolerated, it must be recognized. The psychotherapist who accepts the presentations of the pa­ tient at face value is never faced with the difficult problem of tolerating the ambiguity that is so intrinsic to the circumstances that bring many people to treatment. In this volume, Allen has undertaken the task of helping the reader to recognize ambiguity in all of its manifestations, to understand it better, and, having understood it, to help the patient to grow beyond it. Ambiguity, in Allen's view, arises from a dialectical conflict, whether it is between the self and the system, intrapsychic and wholly within the self, or social, when the individual is tom between competing reference groups. Psychotherapy is a process by which the dialectic can be brought to consciousness so that a synthesis can be achieved. The dialectic that engages the individual, and often is played out between the individual and the system, parallels the struggle between attachment and individuation.

Decision Algorithms for Emergency Neurology

This book adopts a novel approach: procedures: instead of discussing the diagnostic categories of neurological syndromes, it focuses on the symptoms of common neurological presentations (especially in the emergency room or on the ward), and the diagnostic hypotheses that can be validated or rejected case by case as a result. Each chapter covers one of the main symptoms of emergencies in neurology – from transient consciousness disturbances to focal deficits, acute muscular disorders, respiratory insufficiency in neurological disorders, headaches, delirium, seizures and epileptic status, para-and tetraplegia, and head trauma, to acute functional disorders – and includes tables and figures to allow readers to gain a quick and easy, yet comprehensive overview of the topic. The book guides readers through various scenarios generated by the onset of symptoms, the clinical tools for differential diagnostics, and the principles of acute and post-acute phase therapy, managed by decision algorithms supported by the most recent scientific evidence. The resulting precedural profile – created through the collaboration of over 80 specialists in neurology or other disciplines – makes this text a valuable tool for neurologists, neurology residents and allied professionals in their daily clinical practice, as well as medical students.

Decision Analysis Applied to the Field of Environmental Health (Professional Practice in Earth Sciences)

This book provides students and researchers with a resource that includes the current application of the multi-criteria decision theory in a variety of fields, including the environment, health care, engineering, and architecture. There are many critical parameters (criteria) that can directly or indirectly affect the consequences of various decisions. The application of the multi-criteria decision theory focusses mainly on the use of computational methods which include multiple criteria and orders of preference for the evaluation and the selection of the best option among many alternatives based on the desired outcome. The theory of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is an approach that can be extremely useful for students, managers, engineers of manufacturing companies, etc.

Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment (Wiley Series in Operations Research and Management Science)

A systematic review of the most current decision models and techniques for disease prevention and treatment Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment offers a comprehensive resource of the most current decision models and techniques for disease prevention and treatment. With contributions from leading experts in the field, this important resource presents information on the optimization of chronic disease prevention, infectious disease control and prevention, and disease treatment and treatment technology. Designed to be accessible, in each chapter the text presents one decision problem with the related methodology to showcase the vast applicability of operations research tools and techniques in advancing medical decision making. This vital resource features the most recent and effective approaches to the quickly growing field of healthcare decision analytics, which involves cost-effectiveness analysis, stochastic modeling, and computer simulation. Throughout the book, the contributors discuss clinical applications of modeling and optimization techniques to assist medical decision making within complex environments. Accessible and authoritative, Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment: Presents summaries of the state-of-the-art research that has successfully utilized both decision analytics and optimization tools within healthcare operations research Highlights the optimization of chronic disease prevention, infectious disease control and prevention, and disease treatment and treatment technology Includes contributions by well-known experts from operations researchers to clinical researchers, and from data scientists to public health administrators Offers clarification on common misunderstandings and misnomers while shedding light on new approaches in this growing area Designed for use by academics, practitioners, and researchers, Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment offers a comprehensive resource for accessing the power of decision analytics and optimization tools within healthcare operations research.

Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment (Wiley Series in Operations Research and Management Science)

A systematic review of the most current decision models and techniques for disease prevention and treatment Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment offers a comprehensive resource of the most current decision models and techniques for disease prevention and treatment. With contributions from leading experts in the field, this important resource presents information on the optimization of chronic disease prevention, infectious disease control and prevention, and disease treatment and treatment technology. Designed to be accessible, in each chapter the text presents one decision problem with the related methodology to showcase the vast applicability of operations research tools and techniques in advancing medical decision making. This vital resource features the most recent and effective approaches to the quickly growing field of healthcare decision analytics, which involves cost-effectiveness analysis, stochastic modeling, and computer simulation. Throughout the book, the contributors discuss clinical applications of modeling and optimization techniques to assist medical decision making within complex environments. Accessible and authoritative, Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment: Presents summaries of the state-of-the-art research that has successfully utilized both decision analytics and optimization tools within healthcare operations research Highlights the optimization of chronic disease prevention, infectious disease control and prevention, and disease treatment and treatment technology Includes contributions by well-known experts from operations researchers to clinical researchers, and from data scientists to public health administrators Offers clarification on common misunderstandings and misnomers while shedding light on new approaches in this growing area Designed for use by academics, practitioners, and researchers, Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment offers a comprehensive resource for accessing the power of decision analytics and optimization tools within healthcare operations research.

Decision-making Analysis and Optimization Modeling of Emergency Warnings for Major Accidents

This book highlights cutting-edge research into emergency early warning management and decision-making for severe accidents. Using toxic gas leakages as examples, it puts forward new design methods for emergency early warning systems, as well as a systematic description of emergency early warning information communication mechanisms and characteristics of regional evacuation, based on a wide range of theories, including safety engineering, information engineering, communication, behaviorology and others. The book applies a range of methods, such as case analysis, questionnaire interviews, and multi-objective optimization modeling. Drawing on this basis, it subsequently proposes a multi-objective optimization modeling and algorithm for emergency path selection, together with an evacuation risk assessment method. Divided into six chapters prepared by an international team of researchers, the book addresses the design of early warning systems, communication and dissemination mechanisms of early warning information, characteristics of regional evacuation, multi-objective optimization of emergency paths, and evacuation risk assessment. ­­­­­ The book offers an essential reference guide for engineering technicians and researchers in a wide range of fields, including emergency management, safety science and engineering, disaster relief engineering, and transportation optimization, as well as graduate students in related majors at colleges and universities.

Decision Making and Healthcare Management for Frontline Staff: v. 2, Diagnosis

Do you want to be a part of a service that puts service users' needs first? Do you want to understand the complexity of workplaces that can seem to stand in the way of achieving this? Do you want to develop your decision-making skills to help you make realistic, relevant decisions that put the service user first? Do you want to develop a strategic perspective whilst still being able to attend to the detail of service delivery? If the answer to these questions is 'yes', read this book. To be actively involved in decisions - and to avoid becoming passive spectators to decisions imposed from outside - service delivery staff need strong decision-making skills and strategic awareness. Decision Making and Healthcare Management for Frontline Staff helps provide the thinking space needed by service providers to ensure that the service user's experience remains the core focus and purpose. It leads readers through a series of reference points to help them reflect upon and understand their own clinical situation, the factors that shape decisions made within it, and how they can actively engage with that process. The book will be essential reading for frontline healthcare staff and managers in all specialties who wish to understand factors in health service delivery beyond their own immediate professional interests and engage actively with them to shape decisions. It also provides educators with a practical framework of six learning units around which healthcare management teaching and learning modules can be designed, and discussions and reflection can be held. This is not just another book. Russell Gurbutt has managed in this short book to look at health service management from a multitude of perspectives in an original and creative way. This is not a stuffy text book, but is written in a very personal style to the reader. I recommend this book to all health professionals, whether at the beginning of their career or those who need a fresh insight into their own managerial position, as well as educators who may want to use the coffee break exercises with their students. - From the Foreword by Pat Donovan

Decision Making and Healthcare Management for Frontline Staff: v. 2, Diagnosis (Radcliffe Ser.)

Do you want to be a part of a service that puts service users' needs first? Do you want to understand the complexity of workplaces that can seem to stand in the way of achieving this? Do you want to develop your decision-making skills to help you make realistic, relevant decisions that put the service user first? Do you want to develop a strategic perspective whilst still being able to attend to the detail of service delivery? If the answer to these questions is 'yes', read this book. To be actively involved in decisions - and to avoid becoming passive spectators to decisions imposed from outside - service delivery staff need strong decision-making skills and strategic awareness. Decision Making and Healthcare Management for Frontline Staff helps provide the thinking space needed by service providers to ensure that the service user's experience remains the core focus and purpose. It leads readers through a series of reference points to help them reflect upon and understand their own clinical situation, the factors that shape decisions made within it, and how they can actively engage with that process. The book will be essential reading for frontline healthcare staff and managers in all specialties who wish to understand factors in health service delivery beyond their own immediate professional interests and engage actively with them to shape decisions. It also provides educators with a practical framework of six learning units around which healthcare management teaching and learning modules can be designed, and discussions and reflection can be held. This is not just another book. Russell Gurbutt has managed in this short book to look at health service management from a multitude of perspectives in an original and creative way. This is not a stuffy text book, but is written in a very personal style to the reader. I recommend this book to all health professionals, whether at the beginning of their career or those who need a fresh insight into their own managerial position, as well as educators who may want to use the coffee break exercises with their students. - From the Foreword by Pat Donovan

Decision Making by Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Integrating Research into Practice (Positive Psychology and Disability Series)

This book examines theoretical considerations in the study of decision making as well as practical applications in social interpersonal domains for adolescents and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It provides a history of the study of decision making in individuals with IDD and examines emerging views on decision making from a positive psychology perspective. The book explores the role of decision making in self-determination as well as offers global perspectives on the rights and responsibilities of individuals with IDD to engage in independent decision making. It outlines a framework for the study of decision making in individuals with IDD, reviews research that addresses the role of culturally diverse influences on individual decision making, and examines likely consequences of the etiological bases of disability on decision-making profiles. Key areas of coverage include: · Critical role of basic processes of cognition, motivation and self-beliefs, affect and emotion, and various styles of decision making. · Applications of decision-making skills within family and community contexts, in personal and social relationships, during transition to adulthood and more independent lifestyles, and in successful community living. · Self-protective decision making by individuals in situations of abuse as well as in resisting peer victimization and bullying. · Decision-making parameters for enabling maximum participation in self-decision making, through shared and supported decision making in contexts such as health care, aging, and end-of-life decisions. · Research-based interventions to improve effective decision making in individuals with IDD.Decision Making by Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is a must-have reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and other professionals in the fields of developmental and positive psychology, rehabilitation, social work, special education, occupational, speech and language therapy, public health, and healthcare policy.

Decision Making for Enhanced Health Security: Managing Emerging Health Threats, Making Reasoned Choices, And Allocating Scarce Resources (International Series In Operations Research And Management Science Ser. #328)

Decision Making for Enhanced Health Security: Managing Emerging Health Threats, Making Reasoned Choices, and Allocating Scarce Resources (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science #328)

Health threats pose significant dangers to humankind and form a major source of human suffering and sorrow. Responsible leadership and reasoned decision making can significantly improve the arenas that are affected by health threats, through establishing a better allocation of very scarce resources for building health capabilities and for increasing health preparedness, responsiveness and resilience.This book examines how public health leaders can use the cutting-edge research from Decision Sciences to better manage emerging and re-emerging health threats, with a focus on enhancing health security. While these decisions must be informed by the best available evidence, they must also address competing priorities and key uncertainties and must mitigate critical risks, albeit in a cost-effective manner which seeks to maximize societal value.This is a book about how decisions on health security can be improved, both in terms of the content that is utilized in a health decision analysis and the decision processes that are employed in reaching a decision. This decision-focused perspective can help public health leaders and public health experts to increase the health preparedness of health systems, the task of which involves improving health capabilities, increasing the robustness of health systems against health threats, as well as strengthening health resilience and the responsiveness of these systems against disease outbreaks.

Decision Making in a World of Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Practical Guide

In the past decade there has been a worldwide evolution in evidence-based medicine that focuses on real-world Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) to compare the effects of one medical treatment versus another in real world settings. While most of this burgeoning literature has focused on research findings, data and methods, Howard Birnbaum and Paul Greenberg (both of Analysis Group) have edited a book that provides a practical guide to decision making using the results of analysis and interpretation of CER. Decision Making in a World of Comparative Effectiveness contains chapters by senior industry executives, key opinion leaders, accomplished researchers, and leading attorneys involved in resolving disputes in the life sciences industry. The book is aimed at 'users' and 'decision makers' involved in the life sciences industry rather than those doing the actual research. This book appeals to those who commission CER within the life sciences industry (pharmaceutical, biologic, and device manufacturers), government (both public and private payers), as well as decision makers of all levels, both in the US and globally.

Decision-Making in Adult Neurology , E-Book

Written by neurologists for neurologists, Decision-Making in Adult Neurology provides practical guidance when encountering patients whose clinical presentation is unfamiliar or complex, or whose treatment path is not completely certain. This useful handbook is filled with diagnostic and treatment algorithms that encourage you to think systematically and follow a logical sequence through the steps necessary for efficient and effective decision-making. Outlines the key decision points in patient management, providing a wealth of systematic information that ensures you take into account the proper physical signs and test results that will guide your recommendations. Contains 119 algorithms covering symptoms and signs, specific neurologic conditions, vascular disorders, seizures, head trauma, neoplastic disease, peripheral nervous disorders, and muscle disease. Accompanies each algorithm with brief text that explains the significance of important decision points. Provides step-by-step decision-making guidelines for testing and management of paraneoplastic diseases, choice of initial MS therapy, evaluation of incidentally discovered MRI white matter lesions, management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, and much more.

Decision Making in Aesthetic Practice: The Right Procedures for the Right Patients

Decision Making in Aesthetic PracticeThe Right Procedures for the Right Patients Edited by Vincent Wong, BSc, MBChB, Vindoc Aesthetics, London, UKHealthcare professionals in Aesthetic Practice are often faced with a presenting complaint that may seem straightforward to treat but lends itself to more than one treatment option. To achieve and deliver the best natural-looking results, certain basic points about the face must be respected; there must be a good understanding of the specific root cause of each patient’s complaint; and that knowledge must be communicated effectively with the patient. The aim of this book is to help guide a healthcare professional in selecting the best and most appropriate options for any patient. Contents: The Cosmetic Consultation * The Skin * The Forehead * The Periorbital Region * The Nose * The Cheeks* The Perioral Region * The Chin * The Jawline and Neck* The Scalp * Balancing Non-Surgical and Surgical Clinical Approaches

Decision Making in Aesthetic Practice: The Right Procedures for the Right Patients

Decision Making in Aesthetic PracticeThe Right Procedures for the Right Patients Edited by Vincent Wong, BSc, MBChB, Vindoc Aesthetics, London, UKHealthcare professionals in Aesthetic Practice are often faced with a presenting complaint that may seem straightforward to treat but lends itself to more than one treatment option. To achieve and deliver the best natural-looking results, certain basic points about the face must be respected; there must be a good understanding of the specific root cause of each patient’s complaint; and that knowledge must be communicated effectively with the patient. The aim of this book is to help guide a healthcare professional in selecting the best and most appropriate options for any patient. Contents: The Cosmetic Consultation * The Skin * The Forehead * The Periorbital Region * The Nose * The Cheeks* The Perioral Region * The Chin * The Jawline and Neck* The Scalp * Balancing Non-Surgical and Surgical Clinical Approaches

Decision Making in Dental Implantology: Atlas of Surgical and Restorative Approaches

Decision Making in Dental Implantology: Atlas of Surgical and Restorative Approaches offers an image-based resource to both the surgical and restorative aspects of implant therapy, presenting more than 2,000 color images with an innovative case-by-case approach. Takes a highly pictorial approach to all aspects of implant dentistry Discusses both the surgical and restorative aspects of implant therapy in a single resource Describes a wide range of clinical scenarios likely to be encountered in daily practice Covers anterior, posterior, and full-mouth restorations Presents more than 2,000 color images showing the basic concepts and clinical cases

Decision Making in Dental Implantology: Atlas of Surgical and Restorative Approaches

Decision Making in Dental Implantology: Atlas of Surgical and Restorative Approaches offers an image-based resource to both the surgical and restorative aspects of implant therapy, presenting more than 2,000 color images with an innovative case-by-case approach. Takes a highly pictorial approach to all aspects of implant dentistry Discusses both the surgical and restorative aspects of implant therapy in a single resource Describes a wide range of clinical scenarios likely to be encountered in daily practice Covers anterior, posterior, and full-mouth restorations Presents more than 2,000 color images showing the basic concepts and clinical cases

Decision Making in Emergency Medicine: Biases, Errors and Solutions

The book covers various scenarios when errors, biases and systemic barriers prevail in emergency medicine, discusses their impact, and then offers solutions to mitigate their undesired outcomes. The process of clinical reasoning in emergency medicine is a complex exercise in cognition, judgment and problem-solving that is prone to mistakes. The book presents various cases written by a team of emergency specialists and trainees in an engaging format that is helpful for the practicing and teaching emergency doctor and trainees.The book discusses 60 different types of biases and errors with clinical cases, and knowledge of strategies to mitigate them—a concept known as ‘cognitive debiasing’ that has the potential to reduce diagnostic error, and therefore, morbidity and mortality. It aims to help the readers during assessment of patients in the emergency department. Each chapter includes 4 cases illustrating the bias, error or barrier discussed, followed by a potential solution.This book helps in polishing the thinking and behavior of the readers so to potentially enhance their clinical competence in emergency department.

Decision Making in Gastroenterology - E-Book (Decision Making)

Think systematically and follow a logical sequence throughout the steps of diagnostic decisions with Decision-Making in Gastroenterology. This valuable resource is perfect for gastroenterologists and trainees, as well as?ER physicians, internists, family medicine physicians, and other specialists who need to make informed decisions about their patients' care on a day-to-day basis. Practical and easy to use, it’s filled with diagnostic and treatment algorithms that provide easy-to-follow guidance when encountering patients whose clinical presentation is unfamiliar or complex, or whose treatment path is not completely certain. Each point-of-care algorithm represents a common GI or liver disorder or disease, and offers a concise visual representation that clearly guides you through the steps of efficient and effective decision making. Contains 80 algorithms covering commonly encountered symptoms and signs, specific gastrointestinal conditions, esophageal disorders, liver conditions, pancreatic diseases, and colorectal conditions. Outlines the key decision points in patient management, providing a wealth of systematic information that ensures you take into account the proper physical signs and test results that will guide your recommendations. Presents an algorithm on one page and instructional text for key nodes within the algorithm on the facing page. Offers a first-line approach to patients with common signs and symptoms in Section 1; Section 2 includes algorithms for the most commonly treated GI disorders. Provides step-by-step decision-making guidance for diagnosis and management of esophageal motility disorders, achalasia, foreign body ingestion, hepatic encephalopathy, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, hepatocellular carcinoma, colonic ischemia, acute pancreatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, biologic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis, and much more. Additional digital ancillary content may publish up to 6 weeks following the publication date.

Decision-making in General Practice: (pdf)