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Diagnostic Dermoscopy: The Illustrated Guide
by Jonathan BowlingIdeal for clinic use, both for diagnosis and for explaining to the patient, this guide provides: A quick reference atlas guide to the diagnosis skin lesions, especially, but not limited to, those that are cancerous Icons for each condition linked to high definition dermoscopy and clinical photographs Real dermatoscopic images and the associated clinical photographs on the page opposite
Diagnostic Dermoscopy: The Illustrated Guide
by Jonathan BowlingIdeal for clinic use, both for diagnosis and for explaining to the patient, this guide provides: A quick reference atlas guide to the diagnosis skin lesions, especially, but not limited to, those that are cancerous Icons for each condition linked to high definition dermoscopy and clinical photographs Real dermatoscopic images and the associated clinical photographs on the page opposite
Diagnostic Dermoscopy: The Illustrated Guide
by John Paoli Alex ChamberlainDIAGNOSTIC DERMOSCOPY DIAGNOSTIC DERMOSCOPY Diagnostic Dermoscopy delivers a focused, practical and user-friendly guide to diagnosing the most frequently seen presentations of skin lesions practitioners encounter in clinic. The new edition offers a comprehensive collection of strategies to find and diagnose skin cancers at an earlier point in their evolution, and to increase confidence in diagnosing benign lesions to reduce both patient morbidity and mortality. The many full-colour illustrations included within are standardised to aid in recognition, while the adjoining dermoscopy images focus on critical diagnostic features which, when combined with the provided clinical information, are sufficient for specific diagnoses or narrow differential diagnoses. The new edition is formatted to aid teledermoscopy education, including many illustrated cases for reference. Diagnostic Dermoscopy offers: A comprehensive overview of melanocytic lesions, melanoma presentations, and non-melanocytic lesions Thorough explorations of basal cell carcinoma and keratinocyte dysplasia Practical discussions of several special sites, including acral, nail, facial, and scalp lesions, as well as trichoscopy In-depth examinations of vascular lesions, inflammoscopy for general dermatology, and entomodermoscopy Detailed illustrations of genetic and iatrogenic lesions Tips from international experts in melanoma diagnosis Diagnostic Dermoscopy is the ideal resource for dermatologists, primary care physicians, plastic surgeons and allied health practitioners involved in skin lesion and melanoma diagnosis. Dermoscopy UK Further information on dermoscopy education, and online courses can be found at www.dermoscopy.co.uk
Diagnostic Dermoscopy: The Illustrated Guide
by John Paoli Alex ChamberlainDIAGNOSTIC DERMOSCOPY DIAGNOSTIC DERMOSCOPY Diagnostic Dermoscopy delivers a focused, practical and user-friendly guide to diagnosing the most frequently seen presentations of skin lesions practitioners encounter in clinic. The new edition offers a comprehensive collection of strategies to find and diagnose skin cancers at an earlier point in their evolution, and to increase confidence in diagnosing benign lesions to reduce both patient morbidity and mortality. The many full-colour illustrations included within are standardised to aid in recognition, while the adjoining dermoscopy images focus on critical diagnostic features which, when combined with the provided clinical information, are sufficient for specific diagnoses or narrow differential diagnoses. The new edition is formatted to aid teledermoscopy education, including many illustrated cases for reference. Diagnostic Dermoscopy offers: A comprehensive overview of melanocytic lesions, melanoma presentations, and non-melanocytic lesions Thorough explorations of basal cell carcinoma and keratinocyte dysplasia Practical discussions of several special sites, including acral, nail, facial, and scalp lesions, as well as trichoscopy In-depth examinations of vascular lesions, inflammoscopy for general dermatology, and entomodermoscopy Detailed illustrations of genetic and iatrogenic lesions Tips from international experts in melanoma diagnosis Diagnostic Dermoscopy is the ideal resource for dermatologists, primary care physicians, plastic surgeons and allied health practitioners involved in skin lesion and melanoma diagnosis. Dermoscopy UK Further information on dermoscopy education, and online courses can be found at www.dermoscopy.co.uk
Diagnostic Devices with Microfluidics (Devices, Circuits, and Systems)
by Francesco Piraino Šeila SelimovićThis book provides a current view of the research and commercial landscape of diagnostics devices, particularly those that utilize microscale technologies, intended for both patient and laboratory use. Common diagnostic devices that are based on microfluidic principles include glucose sensors for diabetic patients and over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Other diagnostic devices are being developed to quickly test a patient for bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases. The chapters, written by experts from around the world, discuss how to fabricate, apply, and market microfluidic diagnostic chips – for lab and at-home use. Most importantly, the book also contains a discussion of topics relevant to the private sector, including patient-focused, market-oriented development of diagnostics devices.
Diagnostic Devices with Microfluidics (Devices, Circuits, and Systems)
by Francesco Piraino Šeila SelimovićThis book provides a current view of the research and commercial landscape of diagnostics devices, particularly those that utilize microscale technologies, intended for both patient and laboratory use. Common diagnostic devices that are based on microfluidic principles include glucose sensors for diabetic patients and over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Other diagnostic devices are being developed to quickly test a patient for bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases. The chapters, written by experts from around the world, discuss how to fabricate, apply, and market microfluidic diagnostic chips – for lab and at-home use. Most importantly, the book also contains a discussion of topics relevant to the private sector, including patient-focused, market-oriented development of diagnostics devices.
Diagnostic Dilemmas in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Philosophical Perspectives (International Perspectives in Philosophy & Psychiatry)
by Christian Perring Lloyd WellsThough many of the ethical issues important in adult mental health are of relevance in the child, there are a considerable number of issues special to children. Many of the dilemmas faced pertain to diagnosis, treatment, the protection of the child, as well as the child's own developing intelligence and moral judgement. In addition, there are cases where the interests of the parents may conflict with the interests of the child. For example, the interests of a mother with schizophrenia might best be served by her continuing to look after her child, but the child's interests might require that a substitute placement be found. Diagnostic Dilemmas in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is the first in the IPPP series to explore this highly complex topic. It brings together a collection of clinicians and philosophers who consider a range of topics central to the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents affected by mental disorders.
Diagnostic Electron Microscopy: A Text/Atlas
by Richard G. DickersinThis text atlas, now in its second edition, presents in simplest form the basic diagnostic criteria used by the electron microscopist in studying neoplasms and other diseases encountered in the routine practice of pathology. Every field of electron microscopy is covered and low magnification plates are juxtaposed with higher magnifications to illustrate diagnostic features.The largest section of the book is devoted to neoplasms as this is the area in which most diagnostic problems occur. Renal glomerular disease is another important category in which ultrastructural study may be critical in diagnosis; infectious diseases, especially those of viral, protozoan, and unusual bacterial etiologies, are a third area in which electron microscopy may be used to establish or susbstantiate a diagnosis. All of these areas are comprehensively covered with concise, readable text and more than 800 first-quality images. This book is the preeminent reference for pathologists needing current information on the role of ultrastructure in diagnostic pathology.
Diagnostic EMQs: A Comprehensive Collection for Medical Examinations (MasterPass)
by Syed Hussain Umber Rind Jawed Noori Yasmean Kalam Haseeb Ul Ata Emmanuel PapageorgiouAuthored by experienced medical professionals, this essential book equips readers with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in the field of medical diagnosis. It is an extensive collection of Extended Matching Questions (EMQs) covering a wide range of topics in general medicine. Each question is accompanied by detailed explanations to provide comprehensive insights. By engaging with these realistic scenarios, readers will develop a deeper understanding of medical conditions, their presentations, and the appropriate diagnostic approaches. The book goes beyond memorization, fostering analytical skills and honing the ability to identify key diagnostic clues within the questions themselves.
Diagnostic EMQs: A Comprehensive Collection for Medical Examinations (MasterPass)
by Syed Hussain Umber Rind Jawed Noori Yasmean Kalam Haseeb Ul Ata Emmanuel PapageorgiouAuthored by experienced medical professionals, this essential book equips readers with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in the field of medical diagnosis. It is an extensive collection of Extended Matching Questions (EMQs) covering a wide range of topics in general medicine. Each question is accompanied by detailed explanations to provide comprehensive insights. By engaging with these realistic scenarios, readers will develop a deeper understanding of medical conditions, their presentations, and the appropriate diagnostic approaches. The book goes beyond memorization, fostering analytical skills and honing the ability to identify key diagnostic clues within the questions themselves.
Diagnostic Endometrial Pathology 2E
by Yee Khong Annie NY Cheung Wenxin ZhengEndometrial cancer remains the most frequent gynaecological cancer in first world countries.This bench book on endometrial pathology distils the current literature to provide a practical text on endometrial pathology. Differential diagnosis is emphasised, and the clinical correlates of pathology are also stressed to make this a clinically useful book.Fully updated and including over 400 colour images, this book provides a valuable resource for the practising pathologist in general and community hospitals as well as in teaching hospitals.
Diagnostic Endometrial Pathology 2E
by Yee Khong Annie NY Cheung Wenxin ZhengEndometrial cancer remains the most frequent gynaecological cancer in first world countries.This bench book on endometrial pathology distils the current literature to provide a practical text on endometrial pathology. Differential diagnosis is emphasised, and the clinical correlates of pathology are also stressed to make this a clinically useful book.Fully updated and including over 400 colour images, this book provides a valuable resource for the practising pathologist in general and community hospitals as well as in teaching hospitals.
Diagnostic Endosonography: A Case-based Approach
by Klaus Gottlieb Gustavo MarinoThe available textbooks on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) typically focus on technique and interpretation of commonly observed images and scenarios and are aimed primarily at trainees. However, independent practitioners of EUS are often challenged by unusual cases which they are expected to handle competently despite the absence of authoritative guidance. The Diagnostic Endosonography aims to fill this gap by presenting carefully selected cases that will expand the practitioner’s knowledge base and cover important clinical challenges. The case material is organized principally according to anatomic site. Approximately 170 case reports are included, each of which is accompanied by an average of three to five high-quality EUS images; in addition, CT and PET scans are shown when appropriate. For each case, the case description is followed by helpful “teaching points” as well as up-to-date literature references and suggestions for future research.
Diagnostic Evaluation of the Knee
by Michael Strobel Hans-Werner StedtfeldKnee surgeons world wide have been aware that a beautifully illustrated book on diagnostic evaluation of the knee existed. What we in the English speaking world did not appreciate was the superb quality of the text that ac companied these splendid illustrations. Now, Dr. Michael Strobel and Dr. Hans-Werner Stedtfeld's work, Diagnostic Evaluation of the Knee, has been translated by Mr. Terry Telger into an English text that is clear and cogent. The authors' message is comprehensive and straight forward. They show how diagnosis of knee disorders lends itself to a disciplined, orderly thought pro cess based on a substantial body of scientific knowledge. This book, through effective illustrations, clarity of text and thought, and subject organization, leads the reader through the diagnostic evaluation of the knee in an enjoy able and unforgettable way. Some may think the diagnostic process is dead with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging. They are wrong: the diagnostic process has never been more alive, and M. Strobel and H.-W. Stedtfeld capture the excitement of modern day diagnosis through the integration of many disciplines - anato my, pathophysiology, general examination, special examinations, and special studies. This is the unique character of this book and why it will be a text ap preciated by all who care for the knee-injured patient.
Diagnostic Flow Cytometry in Cytology
by Pranab DeyThe book covers the essential practical techniques of flow cytometry in detail. It is divided into two sections: The first section includes the basic practical techniques of flow cytometry in cytology samples. Chapters under this section provide detailed description of the sampling technique, processing, acquisition of the sample, instrumentation and basic principles of flow cytometry. The second section elucidates clinical applications of flow cytometry. Chapters cover the flow cytometry applications in various haematolymphoid neoplasms, tumors of solid organs and body fluid samples. The flow cytometry findings of different tumors are described with the help of multiple colored cytology microphotographs, flow cytometry graphs, boxes, and tables. In addition, it also describes other ancillary techniques in those neoplastic lesions. The book helps practicing pathologists, technical staff and post graduate students to understand flow cytometry findings of the haematolymphoid neoplasms and solid tumor with special emphasis on cytology along with advanced technique. This book will help the students to interpret flow cytometry graphs.
Diagnostic Function Tests in Chemical Pathology
by P.T. Lascelles D. DonaldsonThis book is written for hospital doctors, nurses, biochemists, medi cal laboratory scientific officers and phlebotomists involved with the biochemical investigation of patients. It is hoped, also, that general practitioners and medical students will find it of help. Whilst the vast majority of biochemical tests assess the level of constituents in blood and urine at a given point in time, an impor tant additional parameter is the assessment of physiological reserve function by means of loading tests, prOlonged fasting, exercise and clearance studies. The protocol and interpretation of response of each of these stress tests form the main basis of the text. An attempt has been made to be reasonably comprehensive in the range of tests described; hence, not only have some rather older ones been re tained, but also some very recently introduced ones included. It is appreciated that practice varies widely from laboratory to labora tory with respect to protocol, sample collection, methodology and quotation of reference ranges, and no doubt also from clinician to clinician, particularly regarding interpretation of results. In paedi atric work, micromethods will demand much smaller volumes of blood than those stated here, which relate generally to adult medi cine. The account, therefore, must be seen as a guide to practice rather than as a recipe; it is in no wayan attempt to standardise procedures, which depend on the local requirements.
Diagnostic Genetic Testing: Core Concepts and the Wider Context for Human DNA Analysis
by David BournOver the last decade, technical advances have allowed genomic testing which provides a great opportunity for diagnosis but also an increased chance of uncertain or unexpected findings. This book addresses many of the questions that arise in this context and summarizes the essential concepts in diagnostic genetic testing in an easy-to-read manner. It also covers some broad context for the practical and ethical implications of examining human DNA sequences. The book starts with a general introduction to the field, providing enough background to allow readers without any previous education in genetics to comprehend the material in the subsequent chapters. The main part explores differing aspects of human genetics and the wider implications of testing in these areas. The author covers not only single gene inheritance, but also genetic testing of cancers and how testing benefits the patients. Special emphasis is also given to the questions of genetics and identity. The concluding part then draws the main themes together and summarises the wider significance of genetics. It also explores the gap between promises made for the impact of advances in genetics, and the actual benefits to patients. The book is written for everyone interested to learn about the process of genetic testing and the broader implications. Moreover, it is aimed at health professionals with an interest in genetics, at students or scientific trainees looking for an introduction to diagnostic genetics, and at professionals in health policy or health journalism.
Diagnostic Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology E-Book
by Christopher P. Crum Kenneth R. Lee Marisa R. NucciDrs. Christopher P. Crum, Marisa R. Nucci, and Kenneth R. Lee help you diagnose neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the female reproductive tract with their comprehensive update of Diagnostic Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology. This 2nd Edition provides all of the latest guidance needed to accurately evaluate pathologic features and morphologic patterns. With 650+ new color images, an appendix with algorithms for the use of biomarkers, key points, diagnostic pearls, and more… this title is a must-have for today’s pathologist.Find distinct diagnostic/differential diagnostic criteria for any potential obstetric/gynecologic specimen encountered in practice. Integrate exfoliative cytology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular/genetic testing together with findings gleaned from the traditional open surgical biopsy. Examine the cytologic features of specimens taken from the uterine cervix and corpus, following the Bethesda classification of these lesions. View more than 2,250 full-color photographs and photomicrographs, ideal for side-by-side comparison to the specimens seen in the laboratory.Make better decisions regarding complex pregnancy situations with a new chapter devoted to the "Placental Correlates of Unanticipated Fetal Death." Experience easier reference with key points and diagnostic pearls at the end of each chapter, and a new appendix on algorithms for the use of biomarkers. Update your cancer assessment skills with the restructured section on pelvic epithelial malignancies, including a new chapter on "Assessing Pelvic Cancer Risk and Intercepting Early Malignancy." Gain the professional insights of new co-editor Dr. Marissa Nucci, an associate professor in pathology at the Harvard Medical School.
Diagnostic Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology E-Book
by Christopher P. Crum Kenneth R. Lee Marisa R. Nucci Scott R. Granter Brooke E. Howitt Mana M. Parast Theonia Boyd William A Peters IIIComprehensive and practice-oriented, the fully updated 3rd Edition of this easy-to-use text covers the full range of obstetric and gynecologic pathology, including information on treatment and patient management. Written largely by the pathology and clinical faculty at Harvard's Brigham and Women's Hospital, it covers the most up-to-date information available in the field, including molecular genetics and diagnostics. Drs. Christopher P. Crum and Marisa R. Nucci are joined by new editors Scott R. Granter, Brooke E. Howitt, Mana M. Parast, and Theonia K. Boyd, to provide complete, beautifully illustrated coverage of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders of the female genital system, ideal for improving pathological diagnosis.Provides distinct diagnostic/differential diagnostic criteria for any potential obstetric/gynecologic specimen encountered in practice. Features more than 2,250 full-color images, key points at the end of each chapter, and an appendix with commonly used ICD-10 codes Covers topics not often found in gynecologic pathology textbooks, such as vulvodynia, and diseases of the anus. Approaches topics from a practice-oriented point of view, beginning with clinical presentation and progressing through histopathology, differential diagnosis, and treatment for each disorder.Emphasizes new practice issues and their biologic basis including approaches to vulvar, cervical and endometrial precursors as well as the underpinnings of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer. A comprehensive look at mesenchymal neoplasia, including not only lower genital tract and uterus but also the retroperitoneum.
Diagnostic Hematology
by Norman BeckThe approach described in this book is different from that in most student texts, and has been very successful in practice, starting almost from scratch, but omitting many of the ‘basics’ such as the details of hematopoiesis, laboratory technology, and so on, which are hardly relevant to the practising clinician and student in the wards, and are primarily of interest to the hematologist and sometimes to the clinical specialist. Considerable emphasis is given to the clinical history and examination, and the interpretation of the clinical patterns thus exposed. Hopefully it will overcome many of the traditional problems experienced in practical diagnostic haematology.
Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors E-Book
by Christopher D. FletcherDiagnose tumors with confidence with Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors, 4th Edition. Dr. Christopher Fletcher's renowned reference provides the advanced, expert guidance you need to evaluate and interpret even the most challenging histopathology specimens more quickly and accurately.Consult this title on your favorite e-reader with intuitive search tools and adjustable font sizes. Elsevier eBooks provide instant portable access to your entire library, no matter what device you're using or where you're located.Diagnose efficiently and effectively using diagnostic flow charts, correlations of gross appearances to microscopic findings, and differential diagnosis tables for better recognition and evaluation of similar-looking entities.Employ immunohistochemistry, molecular and genetic diagnostic tests, and other modern techniques as well as the best morphologic diagnostic methods to effectively identify each tumor or tumor-like entity.Utilize new, clinically important molecular genetic data and updated classification schemes to help guide treatment and targeted therapy.Apply the latest techniques and diagnostic criteria with completely rewritten chapters on Small and Large Intestines, Heart, Larynx and Trachea, Ear, and Peritoneum.Find critical information quickly thanks to more tables and bulleted lists throughout.
Diagnostic Imaging
by Andrea G. Rockall Andrew Hatrick Peter Armstrong Martin WastieDiagnostic Imaging will help medical students, junior doctors, residents and trainee radiologists understand the principles behind interpreting all forms of imaging. Providing a balanced account of all the imaging modalities available – including plain film, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide imaging and interventional radiology – it explains the techniques used and the indications for their use. Organised by body system, it covers all anatomical regions. In each region the authors discuss the most suitable imaging technique and provide guidelines for interpretation, illustrating clinical problems with normal and abnormal images. Diagnostic Imaging is extensively illustrated throughout, featuring high quality full-colour images and more than 600 photographs. The images are downloadable in PowerPoint format from the brand new companion website at www.wileydiagnosticimaging.com, which also has over 100 interactive MCQs, to aid learning and teaching. When you purchase the book you also receive access to the Wiley E-Text: Powered by VitalSource. This is an interactive digital version of the book, featuring downloadable text and images, highlighting and note-taking facilities, bookmarking, cross-referencing, in-text searching, and linking to references and abbreviations. Diagnostic Imaging is also available on CourseSmart, offering extra functionality as well as an immediate way to access the book. For more details, see www.coursesmart.com or ‘The Anytime, Anywhere Textbook ’ section.
Diagnostic Imaging for Physical Therapists - E-Book
by James Swain Kenneth W. Bush Juliette BrosingWith the ever-increasing demand on physical therapists to develop the most effective treatment interventions comes this invaluable imaging resource covering exactly what you need to know! Diagnostic Imaging for Physical Therapists gives you the knowledge to understand the basic principles of musculoskeletal imaging and how to interpret radiographic images in your physical therapy practice. This straightforward, highly illustrated text is organized by body region and covers all the fundamentals with an emphasis on standard, two-dimensional x-rays. An accompanying DVD delivers high-resolution copies of the images in the text along with interactive activities to enhance your understanding of the material. With this indispensable text, you’ll recognize when diagnostic imaging is necessary, and you’ll be able to interpret the results with confidence.Written specifically for PTs, this book covers the most common film images you will see in your practice and introduces you to some of the not-so-common images.UNIQUE companion DVD helps you hone your diagnostic imaging skills with high-resolution radiographic images and animations. DVD icons in the book direct you to interactive exercises including ABCs, pathologies, case studies, and quizzes that will enhance your understanding of concepts in the text. Provides you with a “systematic" basis for approaching the interpretation of standard films. The body system approach of the chapters makes it easy to find information specific to a body region. Text edited by highly respected experts in musculoskeletal rehabilitation gives you authoritative guidance on the management of musculoskeletal pathology and injury.
Diagnostic Imaging for the Emergency Physician E-Book
by Joshua BroderDiagnostic Imaging for the Emergency Physician, written and edited by a practicing emergency physician for emergency physicians, takes a step-by-step approach to the selection and interpretation of commonly ordered diagnostic imaging tests. Dr. Joshua Broder presents validated clinical decision rules, describes time-efficient approaches for the emergency physician to identify critical radiographic findings that impact clinical management and discusses hot topics such as radiation risks, oral and IV contrast in abdominal CT, MRI versus CT for occult hip injury, and more. Diagnostic Imaging for the Emergency Physician has been awarded a 2011 PROSE Award for Excellence for the best new publication in Clinical Medicine. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.Choose the best test for each indication through clear explanations of the "how" and "why" behind emergency imaging.Interpret head, spine, chest, and abdominal CT images using a detailed and efficient approach to time-sensitive emergency findings.Stay on top of current developments in the field, including evidence-based analysis of tough controversies - such as indications for oral and IV contrast in abdominal CT and MRI versus CT for occult hip injury; high-risk pathology that can be missed by routine diagnostic imaging - including subarachnoid hemorrhage, bowel injury, mesenteric ischemia, and scaphoid fractures; radiation risks of diagnostic imaging - with practical summaries balancing the need for emergency diagnosis against long-terms risks; and more.Optimize diagnosis through evidence-based guidelines that assist you in discussions with radiologists, coverage of the limits of "negative" or "normal" imaging studies for safe discharge, indications for contrast, and validated clinical decision rules that allow reduced use of diagnostic imaging.Clearly recognize findings and anatomy on radiographs for all major diagnostic modalities used in emergency medicine from more than 1000 images.Find information quickly and easily with streamlined content specific to emergency medicine written and edited by an emergency physician and organized by body system.
Diagnostic Imaging for Thoracic Surgery: A Manual for Surgeons and Radiologists
by Michele Anzidei Marco AnileThis book offers a comprehensive overview of thoracic pathologies of surgical interest involving the lung, mediastinum, esophagus, and chest wall with the aim of providing both radiologists and thoracic surgeons with a reference of high value in everyday clinical practice. Oncologic and non-oncologic conditions are reviewed from both the radiological and the surgical point of view, each one being documented with the aid of high-quality radiologic images from several modalities (including X-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, and PET), illustrations/artwork, and high-definition images from the surgical table. The postoperative anatomy and complications associated with thoracic surgery procedures are also described in detail, with provision of imaging examples that highlight aspects of importance in differentiating between normal and abnormal findings. Written by experts in the field, Diagnostic Imaging for Thoracic Surgery is exceptional in combining precise descriptions of surgical procedures with key teaching points in imaging interpretation.