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Antiviral Drug Strategies (Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry #50)

By focusing on general molecular mechanisms of antiviral drugs rather than therapies for individual viruses, this ready reference provides the critical knowledge needed to develop entirely novel therapeutics and to target new viruses. It begins with a general discussion of antiviral strategies, followed by a broad survey of known viral targets, such as reverse transcriptases, proteases, neuraminidases, RNA polymerases, helicases and primases, as well as their known inhibitors. The final section contains several cases studies of recent successful antiviral drug development. Edited by Erik de Clercq, the world authority on small molecule antiviral drugs, who has developed more new antivirals than anyone else.

Antiviral Drugs: From Basic Discovery Through Clinical Trials

This book focuses on new small molecule approaches to combat viral infections. The chapters describe the discovery and development from bench through the clinic of relatively recently-approved antiviral drugs and compounds in advanced clinical development. Organized by a virus (such as HIV, HCV, RSV, influenza, HBV and CMV) and written by top academic and industrial authorities in the field, the book provides a unique opportunity to study, understand and apply discovery and development principles and learning without the need for an individual to research, analyze and synthesize all immense sourcing references. Topics showcase challenges and solutions of issues encountered, offering tremendous experience accumulated over many years of research that will be particularly useful to basic and bench scientists as well as clinicians as they continue discovering and developing new drugs and therapies.

Antiviral Drugs: From Basic Discovery Through Clinical Trials

This book focuses on new small molecule approaches to combat viral infections. The chapters describe the discovery and development from bench through the clinic of relatively recently-approved antiviral drugs and compounds in advanced clinical development. Organized by a virus (such as HIV, HCV, RSV, influenza, HBV and CMV) and written by top academic and industrial authorities in the field, the book provides a unique opportunity to study, understand and apply discovery and development principles and learning without the need for an individual to research, analyze and synthesize all immense sourcing references. Topics showcase challenges and solutions of issues encountered, offering tremendous experience accumulated over many years of research that will be particularly useful to basic and bench scientists as well as clinicians as they continue discovering and developing new drugs and therapies.

Antiviral Drugs and Interferon: The Molecular Basis of Their Activity (Developments in Molecular Virology #4)

Research on antiviral drugs and their mode of action in infected cells. in animals and in man. has led to a better understanding of the molecular pro­ cesses involved in virus replication. Screeninq of large numbers of natural and semisynthetic compounds resulted in the characterization of certain sub­ stances that had a limited efficiency as antiviral druqs. A few chemically synthesized compounds were also found to be effective as antiviral agents in the chemotherapy of human virus diseases. A major difficulty in the develop­ ment of effective antiviral agents has been the lack of selectivity. and toxicity for uninfected cells. of drugs that effectively inhibited virus replication in vitro. Further understanding of the molecular processes of virus replication in infected cells has resulted in the development of new antivirals directed at virus-coded enzymes or proteins. Recent studies on antivirals that are activated by the herpes simplex virus type l-coded thy­ midine kinase from a prod rug to an antiviral drug have opened new directions in the development of effective antiviral drugs. The present book deals with a number of antiviral drugs effective against herpes simplex viruses and provides some insight into the molecular aspects of virus replication. It also throws light on the new approaches to the development of antiviral drugs. The molecular basis of the antiviral activity of new and known drugs and their possible use in chemotherapy of viral disease are presented in this book.

Antiviral Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine #24)

This latest addition to the Methods in Molecular Medicine series, Anti- ral Methods and Protocols, is opportune because there is an increasing int- est in discovering compounds that are effective against both chronic and acute viral infections. A number of the methods described in the volume are unp- lished and their inclusion indicates the speed at which this field is moving. This volume is not a review but each chapter contains methods validated by the experts who have spent time in developing the protocols. The hallmark of this series is the comprehensive way in which the me- ods are described, which includes a list of all the reagents needed for each protocol. Of importance is the section on tips and pitfalls that the authors have discovered while developing their protocols. The manual itself is designed to be used by researchers in universities and industry who are familiar with a range of biological techniques but who want to set up quickly a novel assay system. We encourage a dialog between readers and authors, which may also result in useful collaborations.

Antiviral Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1030)

Although antiviral drugs have been successfully developed for some viral diseases, there remains a clear, unmet medical need to develop novel antiviral agents for the control and management of many viruses that currently have no or limited treatment options as well as a need to overcome the limitations associated with the existing antiviral drugs, such as adverse effects and emergence of drug-resistant mutations. The second edition of Antiviral Methods and Protocols features: All chapters are new and written by experts in the field, reflecting the major recent technical advances in antiviral research and discovery. This edition focuses on many important human viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis viruses (hepatitis B and C viruses), herpes viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus, while also featuring some important emerging viruses, such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Antiviral Methods and Protocols, Second Edition will serve as an excellent laboratory reference for pharmaceutical and academic biologists, medicinal chemists, and pharmacologists as well as for virologists in the field of antiviral research and drug discovery.

Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #894)

Studies related to pathogen-mediated virus resistance in plants were instrumental in providing some of the historical observations which ultimately led to the vital discovery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced gene silencing or RNA interference (RNAi), which has since revolutionized research on plant-virus interactions. In Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study the phenomenon of RNA silencing in relation to viral infections of plants. These include methods and techniques for the isolation and quantitative/qualitative analyses of plant small 21-24 nucleotide RNAs such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as the analysis and manipulation of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledenous plants and the use of hairpin RNA (hpRNA) transgenes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of this crucially important botanical trait.

Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2028)

This detailed book explores strategies that have been developed to combat plant virus infection. Beginning with a section on techniques for identifying and studying the virus resistance gene involved in plant innate immunity, the volume continues by delving into techniques related to novel mechanisms of plant virus resistance, methods for the analysis and practical use of RNA silencing, as well as methods for the development of plant viral vaccines. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers working to combat the serious threats plant virus diseases represent for agricultural production and beyond.

Antiviral RNAi: Concepts, Methods, and Applications (Methods in Molecular Biology #721)

Viruses and RNAi share an intricate relationship at many levels. RNAi is an important antiviral defense mechanism in plants and invertebrates, microRNAs – of viral or cellular origin – affect many aspects of virus biology, and replication of many, if not all, mammalian viruses can be suppressed by RNAi. Antiviral RNAi: Concepts, Methods, and Applications provides a collection of protocols for the analysis of viral small RNAs and natural antiviral RNAi responses as well as for the development and optimization of RNAi-based antiviral drugs. As RNAi is a central regulatory mechanism in the cell, the methods in this volume can also be applied out of the context of a virus infection. Divided into five convenient parts, this detailed volume reviews important basic concepts in the field of antiviral RNAi, provides experimental and bio-informatic tools for the analysis of small silencing RNAs, covers methods to biochemically dissect RNAi-based antiviral defense and viral counter-defense mechanisms, describes methods for the design, expression, and delivery of therapeutic antiviral siRNAs, and finally presents genome-wide RNAi approaches for the identification of factors involved in virus replication. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and accessible, Antiviral RNAi: Concepts, Methods, and Applications serves as an ideal guide for both novice and experienced researchers alike striving to dissect the role of RNAi in the viral life cycle or to further boost the development of novel therapeutics and experimental tools based on RNAi technology.

Antiviral Strategies (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology #189)

A crucial issue for antiviral therapy is the fact that all antiviral substances rapidly select for resistance; thus, monitoring and overcoming resistance has become a most important clinical paradigm of antiviral therapy. This calls for cautious use of antiviral drugs and implementation of combination therapies. In parallel, efforts in drug discovery have to be continued to develop compounds with novel mode-of-action and activity against resistant strains. This book reviews the current status of antiviral therapy, from the roads to development of new compounds to their clinical use and cost effectiveness. Individual chapters address in more detail all available drug classes and outline new approaches currently under development.

Antiviral Therapy

A concise summary of vital information on drug targets and current therapy regimes for all of the major viral infections. The book brings together in a single volume aspects of antiviral therapy from diverse areas of research and practice, providing up-to-date coverage of recent developments. Starting from an overview of the history of antiviral chemotherapy, the book goes on to describe the development of drugs against HIV, herpesvirus, respiratory viruses, papillomaviruses and hepatitis virus infections. The drugs currently available are reviewed and possible therapies and drug targets for future prophylactic and therapeutic use are discussed.

Antiviral Therapy

A concise summary of vital information on drug targets and current therapy regimes for all of the major viral infections. The book brings together in a single volume aspects of antiviral therapy from diverse areas of research and practice, providing up-to-date coverage of recent developments. Starting from an overview of the history of antiviral chemotherapy, the book goes on to describe the development of drugs against HIV, herpesvirus, respiratory viruses, papillomaviruses and hepatitis virus infections. The drugs currently available are reviewed and possible therapies and drug targets for future prophylactic and therapeutic use are discussed.

Anton Tschechov oder Die Entartung der Kunst: 333. Sitzung am 15. November 1989 in Düsseldorf (Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften #306)

Anus: Surgical Treatment and Pathology

There is an increase in specialisation within general surgery and now even within its sub specialties. Colorectal surgery is probably the largest of the subspecialties of general surgery, and one of the areas where trainees and consultant general /colorectal surgeons are least confident is in their understanding of the anatomy, physiological pathology and management of the anal canal and pelvis. Currently available there are books on the market centred around the general management of colorectal disease, but the time is now right for a definitive text on the anal canal and pelvis specifically.

Anweisung zur Bekämpfung ansteckender Krankheiten im Eisenbahnverkehre

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Anweisung zur Bekampfung der Cholera: Festgestellt in der Sitzung des Bundesrats vom 28. Januar 1904

Anweisung zur Bekämpfung der Pest: Deckblatt zu Anlage 8

Anweisung zur Bekämpfung der Pocken: Festgestellt in der Sitzung des Bundesrats vom 28. Januar 1904

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Anweisung zur Bekämpfung des Aussatzes (Lepra)

Anweisung zur Bekämpfung des Fleckfiebers (Flecktyphus)

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Anwendung des Genome Editing in der somatischen Gentherapie: Eine Einführung (essentials)

Dieses essential gibt einen Überblick über Grundlagen sowie Chancen und Risiken der Gentherapie, mit besonderem Fokus auf das Genome Editing. Es werden aktuelle und zukünftige klinische Anwendungen der neuen, mit vielen Hoffnungen, aber auch Ängsten verbundenen Technologien diskutiert.

Anwendung immunologischer Methoden: Merck-Symposium der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie Mainz, 16. - 18. Januar 1975 (Zusammenarbeit von Klinik und Klinischer Chemie)

Anwendungsfelder der medizinischen Psychologie

Im ärztlich-medizinischen Berufsfeld wird häufig unterschätzt, wie eng körperliche Krankheiten mit psychischen Vorgängen verknüpft sind. Das Fachgebiet der medizinischen Psychologie setzt an den zahlreichen Berührungspunkten zwischen Medizin und Psychologie an: den Auswirkungen körperlicher Erkrankungen oder medizinischer Eingriffe auf das psychische Erleben und Befinden, den Einfluss psychischer Zustände auf Entstehung und Verlauf von Erkrankungen oder die zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen zwischen Ärzten, Patienten und Angehörigen. In diesem Buch beleuchten führende Vertreter des Faches solche medizinpsychologischen Fragen und Erkenntnisse erstmals getrennt für spezifische, medizinische Anwendungsgebiete: Was hat die Psychologie u.a. zur Onkologie, Kardiologie, Zahnmedizin, Augenheilkunde oder auch zu Themen wie "Sterben, Tod und Trauern" und "Telemedizin" zu sagen? Wie tragen z.B. psychische Faktoren zur Entstehung einer Herzinsuffizienz oder der Migräne bei?

Anwendungsgebiete der Computertechnologie in Anaesthesie und Intensivmedizin (Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine #168)

Anxiety: A Short History (Johns Hopkins Biographies of Disease)

More people today report feeling anxious than ever before—even while living in relatively safe and prosperous modern societies. Almost one in five people experiences an anxiety disorder each year, and more than a quarter of the population admits to an anxiety condition at some point in their lives. Here Allan V. Horwitz, a sociologist of mental illness and mental health, narrates how this condition has been experienced, understood, and treated through the ages—from Hippocrates, through Freud, to today.Anxiety is rooted in an ancient part of the brain, and our ability to be anxious is inherited from species far more ancient than humans. Anxiety is often adaptive: it enables us to respond to threats. But when normal fear yields to what psychiatry categorizes as anxiety disorders, it becomes maladaptive. As Horwitz explores the history and multiple identities of anxiety—melancholia, nerves, neuroses, phobias, and so on—it becomes clear that every age has had its own anxieties and that culture plays a role in shaping how anxiety is expressed.