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Living with the Earth, Fourth Edition: Concepts in Environmental Health Science

Shelving Guide; Environmental ScienceThis is a groundbreaking and innovative book now in its fourth edition. The first edition won the CHOICE award for outstanding Academic Book while editions two and three became bestsellers on their own right. This fourth edition is packed with new updates on current world events associated with environmental issues and related health concerns. The author maintains traditional concepts and merges them with new and controversial issues. The book has been revised to include up-to-date topics with and a revised Web site with updated links.So what Coverage of emergency preparedness for environmental health practitioners Discussion of population dynamics especially with regard to overpopulation and underpopulation around the world and their respective influences on social, economic, and environmental concerns. The mechanisms of environmental disease, emphasizing genetic disease and its role in developmental disorders and cancer. Human behaviors and pollution are presented along with respect to their roles in cancer risk. The ever increasing issues surrounding emerging and re-emerging diseases around the earth and the introduction of an increasing number of emerging diseases. The growing problems of asthma and other health effects associated with air pollution. An exploration of the mechanisms of toxicity with special reference to the immune system and endocrine disruption. The ongoing issues of the creation and disposal of hazardous waste along with the controversies surrounding disposal are presented. The issues and benefits of recycling are explored. The use of HACCP in assuring food quality, food safety issues, and the Food Quality Protection Act are discussed. Numerous technical illustrations, charts, graphs, and photographs are included What on the Web? Test bank and study questions giving a complete review of the concepts covered. Search tools for online journals and databases covering useful, up-to-date information in health and environmental topics Subject specific links by chapter as well as Federal, state, and organization sites with relevant information Downloadable PowerPoint files for each Chapter providing the instructor with ready-made presentation materials that can be modified as needed. Downloadable and printable test questions and answers for each chapter available to instructors

Living with the Earth, Fourth Edition: Concepts in Environmental Health Science

Shelving Guide; Environmental ScienceThis is a groundbreaking and innovative book now in its fourth edition. The first edition won the CHOICE award for outstanding Academic Book while editions two and three became bestsellers on their own right. This fourth edition is packed with new updates on current world events associated with environmental issues and related health concerns. The author maintains traditional concepts and merges them with new and controversial issues. The book has been revised to include up-to-date topics with and a revised Web site with updated links.So what Coverage of emergency preparedness for environmental health practitioners Discussion of population dynamics especially with regard to overpopulation and underpopulation around the world and their respective influences on social, economic, and environmental concerns. The mechanisms of environmental disease, emphasizing genetic disease and its role in developmental disorders and cancer. Human behaviors and pollution are presented along with respect to their roles in cancer risk. The ever increasing issues surrounding emerging and re-emerging diseases around the earth and the introduction of an increasing number of emerging diseases. The growing problems of asthma and other health effects associated with air pollution. An exploration of the mechanisms of toxicity with special reference to the immune system and endocrine disruption. The ongoing issues of the creation and disposal of hazardous waste along with the controversies surrounding disposal are presented. The issues and benefits of recycling are explored. The use of HACCP in assuring food quality, food safety issues, and the Food Quality Protection Act are discussed. Numerous technical illustrations, charts, graphs, and photographs are included What on the Web? Test bank and study questions giving a complete review of the concepts covered. Search tools for online journals and databases covering useful, up-to-date information in health and environmental topics Subject specific links by chapter as well as Federal, state, and organization sites with relevant information Downloadable PowerPoint files for each Chapter providing the instructor with ready-made presentation materials that can be modified as needed. Downloadable and printable test questions and answers for each chapter available to instructors

Living with Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes is on the increase in all age groups and is described by the World Health Organisation as an epidemic. The good news is that effective control can greatly improve life expectancy, as well as reducing the risk of complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney disease and blindness. This book explains how to tackle type one diabetes in adults and teenagers; it also looks at type two diabetes and explains why the dividing line between types one and two is not always easy to draw. Topics include: Late-onset type one diabetes; Organising your insulin; Pumps and transplants; Type two diabetes and the metabolic syndrome; Why so many more people with type two diabetes now need insulin for control; Managing type two diabetes - keeping the glucose levels down; Diet and weight control; Why you mustn't smoke - and how to stop if you do.

Living with Water: Targeting Quality in a Dynamic World

The factors affecting water quality are many: The increasing buying power and health concerns of the world population contribute to the creation of new products whose production and disposal lead to the release of chemicals harmful to the environment; the ever-growing world population requires a steady food supply, which increases the pressure to use even more chemicals to control various crop pests; and due to climate change, head waters, rivers, and oceans are becoming increasingly warmer, acidic, and eutrophic as the result of carbod dioxide overload. Using specific examples, Water Quality and Resource Management will address the many challenges of providing clean water to the growing world population. It will also discuss the new technologies that are being developed, for example, to treat and reuse waste waters, and the innovative monitoring approaches that help scientists to assess water quality risks. Such risk assessments are urgently needed to help draft legislations and allow enforcement to ensure accessability to quality water for all. The structure of the book will be the following: Each chapter will provide information about a specific water environment and the challenges it faces. This will be followed by discussion of the pollution effects and actions taken to redress the situation. Finally, future trends will be discussed. ​

Llama and Alpaca Care - E-Book: Medicine, Surgery, Reproduction, Nutrition, and Herd Health

Designed for the mixed practice large animal veterinarian, veterinary students, and camelid caretakers alike, Llama and Alpaca Care covers all major body systems, herd health, physical examination, nutrition, reproduction, surgery, anesthesia, and multisystem diseases of llamas and alpacas. Written by world-renowned camelid specialists and experts in the field, this comprehensive and uniquely global text offers quick access to the most current knowledge in this area. With coverage ranging from basic maintenance such as restraint and handling to more complex topics including anesthesia and surgery, this text provides the full range of knowledge required for the management of llamas and alpacas. "..an essential text for anyone working with South American camelids." Reviewed by Claire E. Whitehead on behalf of Veterinary Record, July 2015Over 500 full-color images provide detailed, highly illustrated coverage of all major body systems, physical examination, nutrition, anesthesia, fluid therapy, multisystem diseases, and surgical disorders. World-renowned camelid experts and specialists in the field each bring a specific area of expertise for a uniquely global text.Comprehensive herd health content includes handling techniques, vaccinations, biosecurity, and protecting the herd from predators. Coverage of anesthesia and analgesia includes the latest information on pharmacokinetics of anesthetic drugs, chemical restraint, injectable and inhalation anesthesia, neuroanesthesia, and pain management.Reproduction section contains information on breeding management, lactation, infertility, and embryo transfer.Nutrition information offers detailed nutritional requirements and discusses feeding management systems and feeding behavior.

Llewellyn-Jones Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology E-Book

The tenth edition of Llewellyn-Jones Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology carries on the mission of Derek Llewellyn-Jones (encapsulated in the first edition of this book, published in 1969) to support the WHO's target to ensure women worldwide have good healthcare, safe deliveries and healthy children. In his words: 'It is our hope to continue to meet the needs of today's medical students and students of nursing and midwifery; and to encourage self-learning skills while providing essential information in a readable manner'. Intervention rates continue to climb; women in the developed world embark on pregnancy later in life and with more complex medical disorders. The need to know and apply the best available standards of care is ever more critical. The tenth edition brings this highly regarded book completely up to date whilst retaining its characteristic concision and readability.New to this edition: Now on StudentConsult New ultrasounds New material covering: Diabetes and obesity in pregnancy Advances in IVF Complications arising for older first-time mothers Highly illustrated in full colour throughout Totally revised

Llewellyn-Jones Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, E-Book: Llewellyn-Jones Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, E-Book

Regarded as the leading textbook in obstetrics and gynaecology for over 50 years, Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology is an ideal introduction to the basic principles of this specialty for medical students, trainees, midwives and nurses. Intervention rates continue to climb; women in the developed world embark on pregnancy later in life and with more complex medical disorders. The need to know and apply the best available standards of care is ever more critical. The book comprehensively and clearly presents all the major components of women's reproductive health, from the basics of history and examination through to pelvic anatomy, development of the fetus, and maternal psychosocial issues. Fully updated in its eleventh edition by experts in their field, this much-loved book remains true to the vision of its first author, renowned Australian obstetrician Derek Llewellyn-Jones OBE – to apply the best available standards of care for women throughout their reproductive journey. In his words: 'It is our hope to continue to meet the needs of today's medical students and students of nursing and midwifery; and to encourage self-learning skills while providing essential information in a readable manner'. - New chapters on weight and reproductive health and polycystic ovarian syndrome - Hot topics covered include changes to cervical screening, disorders of sexual development, and COVID in pregnancy - Concise and readable - Suitable for students of medicine, midwifery and women's health - Clear, integrated approach – easy to follow - Highly illustrated in full colour throughout

Loa loa: Latest Advances in Loiasis Research

This comprehensive volume covers all aspects from the historical discovery of the filarial parasite Loa loa to the latest diagnostics and therapies for all forms of pathology used at the point of care. Current developments in these areas are also highlighted. Expert authors present the epidemiological impact of loiasis and the basic mechanisms underlying the disease in native populations and nonresidents of endemic areas. In addition to particulars on the immunology of the parasite, its general and molecular biology, the clinical manifestation is also described in detail. Both common and atypical clinical manifestations are considered. This book concludes with an outlook on further research and targeted eradication of the disease.Loa loa, known as the "eye worm", is endemic in the rural populations of several African countries and is transmitted by rainforest deerflies. It displays impressive immune adaptation with a wide range of clinical symptoms that remain largely unexplored. The characteristics of this nematode make it of great interest to physicians and researchers specializing in infectious diseases, epidemiology, and immunology. In addition, students and family physicians working with African immigrants and travelers should know about this parasite.Loiasis is a prime example of a neglected disease under the conditions of international health efforts in our globalized world. The present work is intended to promote progress in this field, making it a valuable read within the scope of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being).

Lobar Approach to Breast Ultrasound

This book focuses on the lobar anatomy of the breast and on the sick lobe concept – a novel theory of breast cancer development that is gaining ever wider acceptance – and explores their significance for innovative surgical treatment. Special attention is paid to the role of ductal echography, a technique capable of clearly depicting the structures of cancer in relation to the structures of the sick lobe. Having established a sound theoretical and practical basis through detailed coverage and correlation of anatomy, pathology, and imaging appearances, the book goes on to describe a revolutionary surgical approach particularly suitable for the treatment of multifocal and multicentric breast carcinomas. Such tumors account for more than a third of all cases of breast carcinoma and are often treated by mastectomy. The proposed new breast-conserving technique yields excellent cosmetic results and entails a very low risk of recurrence. The book will appeal to a wide readership, including radiologists, surgeons, oncologists, pathologists, as well as residents.

Lobelin und Lobeliaalkaloide (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology #11)

Lobotomy Nation: The History of Psychosurgery and Psychiatry in Denmark (Mental Health in Historical Perspective)

This book tells the story of one of medicine’s most (in)famous treatments: the neurosurgical operation commonly known as lobotomy. Invented by Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz in 1935, lobotomy or psychosurgery became widely used in a number of countries, including Denmark, where the treatment had a major breakthrough. In fact, evidence suggests that more lobotomies were performed in Denmark than any other country. However, the reason behind this unofficial world record has not yet been fully understood. Lobotomy Nation traces the history of psychosurgery and its ties to other psychiatric treatments such as malaria fever therapy, Cardiazol shock and insulin coma therapy, but it also situates lobotomy within a broader context. The book argues that the rise and fall of lobotomy is not just a story about psychiatry, it is also about society, culture and interventions towards vulnerable groups in the 20th century.

Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry

Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry is a practical guide for both students and general practitioners to this essential area of clinical practice. Highly illustrated in full colour throughout, the book provides clear and practical guidance to the administration of local anaesthesia. The book introduces the reader to the concept of nerve conduction and pain as well as providing an explanation of the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve. Further chapters cover such key areas of practice as regional anaesthesia, local anaesthesia in children, pharmacology, local and systemic complications, general practical aspects, the prevention of side effects and legal aspects.

Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry

Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry is a practical guide for both students and general practitioners to this essential area of clinical practice. Highly illustrated in full colour throughout, the book provides clear and practical guidance to the administration of local anaesthesia. The book introduces the reader to the concept of nerve conduction and pain as well as providing an explanation of the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve. Further chapters cover such key areas of practice as regional anaesthesia, local anaesthesia in children, pharmacology, local and systemic complications, general practical aspects, the prevention of side effects and legal aspects.

Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry

This book, richly illustrated in full colour, is a comprehensive guide to the use of local anaesthesia in dentistry that will meet the needs of both students and dental practitioners. It provides the reader with ample background information on the origin of pain and the pharmacology of anaesthetics, and describes the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve in detail. Subsequent chapters cover key are as such as general practical aspects, local anesthaesia in the upper and the lower jaw, the use of local anaesthetics in children, local and systematic complications, and the prevention of side effects. Patients at particular risk of adverse effects are identified and attention drawn to significant legal aspects. This second edition has been completely revised, with more attention to safety, environment, and sterility. Additional injection techniques have been included, and a new chapter is devoted to microprocessor-assisted administration of anaesthetics. Throughout, care has been taken to ensure that the information is clearly presented and the text is easy to read.

Local and Regional Anaesthesia in the Emergency Department Made Easy E-Book: Local and Regional Anaesthesia in the Emergency Department Made Easy E-Book (Made Easy)

This volume in the successful Made Easy series is aimed at all doctors working in accident and emergency departments to help remind them of the common nerve block techniques. These techniques can be difficult to master and require great precison. Each procedure is described in step-by-step detail along with accompanying colour illustrations. - Volume in successful Made Easy series. - Short practical account of commonest local and regional anaesthesia techniques as will be encountered by junior doctors working in accident and emergency. - Highly illustrated with colour photographs showing step by step procedures.

Local and Regional Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Practical Approach

Local and Regional Flaps in Head & Neck Reconstruction: A Practical Approach provides comprehensive, step-by-step instruction for flap raising and insetting for the head and neck region. Ideal for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, facial plastic surgeons, and head and neck surgeons, the book serves as a useful guide to planning reconstructive cases and an easily accessible reference prior to operation.Local and Regional Flaps in Head & Neck Reconstruction is logically organized into 24 chapters, each focusing on a local or regional flap, or a special site reconstruction. Chapters focused on a particular flap will begin with a detailed description of the relevant anatomy and discuss potential applications of the flap before moving into a detailed step-by-step description of how to elevated and transfer the flap to the defect site. Potential complications will also be addressed.Well-illustrated with more than 800 clinical photographs and with a website featuring surgical procedures, this book is an ideal reference for those new to practice and experts alike.

Local and Regional Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Practical Approach

Local and Regional Flaps in Head & Neck Reconstruction: A Practical Approach provides comprehensive, step-by-step instruction for flap raising and insetting for the head and neck region. Ideal for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, facial plastic surgeons, and head and neck surgeons, the book serves as a useful guide to planning reconstructive cases and an easily accessible reference prior to operation.Local and Regional Flaps in Head & Neck Reconstruction is logically organized into 24 chapters, each focusing on a local or regional flap, or a special site reconstruction. Chapters focused on a particular flap will begin with a detailed description of the relevant anatomy and discuss potential applications of the flap before moving into a detailed step-by-step description of how to elevated and transfer the flap to the defect site. Potential complications will also be addressed.Well-illustrated with more than 800 clinical photographs and with a website featuring surgical procedures, this book is an ideal reference for those new to practice and experts alike.

Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist- E-Book

Written by a dental hygienist for dental hygienists, Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist helps you learn the safe and effective administration of local anesthesia. Coverage is tailored to fit the role and needs of the dental hygienist and promotes patient-centered care by integrating discussions of the Human Needs Paradigm with complete instructions for local anesthesia administration. Full-color photographs illustrate specific injection techniques, and colorful illustrations show dental anatomy. Written by experienced educator Demetra Logothetis, this reference presents material at the right level for dental hygienists and prepares you for success both on your licensure exam and in your career. Nearly 450 high-quality images include full-color photographs showing injection techniques and illustrations of dental anatomy.Supportive approach acknowledges not only the patient's fear of injection but also the fears of the inexperienced clinician. A focus on the Human Needs Paradigm relates dental hygiene care to the eight human needs.Case studies make it easier to apply knowledge to real-life patient interactions and to develop problem-solving skills.Technique/Procedure boxes provide step-by-step instructions for performing specific procedures.Dental Hygiene Considerations boxes provide tips and key points for optimal care.Color-coded local anesthetic tables help in distinguishing among specific categories of agents and match the color codes of the American Dental Association (ADA).Key terms begin each chapter and are highlighted within the text; a glossary defines each term. Learning objectives begin each chapter and set goals for what you will accomplish; they also help you study for examinations.Review questions at the end of each chapter provide the opportunity to assess your understanding, with answers posted on the companion Evolve website. Summary tables and boxes offer at-a-glance access to concepts, procedures, and techniques. Expert author Demetra Logothetis is a dental hygiene educator with 15 years of experience teaching local anesthesia administration.A companion Evolve website includes a 300-question mock examination, technique exercises, glossary exercises, test-taking tips and strategies, competency skill sheets, content updates, and answers to the chapter review questions along with rationales and page-number references.

Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist - E-Book

Prepare for practice with the only book on local anesthesia written specifically for dental hygienists! Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition, provides complete instructions for the safe and effective administration of local anesthesia. Written by noted dental hygiene educator Demetra Logothetis, the first edition won a 2012 PROSE Honorable Mention award. This edition adds a new chapter on children and adolescent patients, plus new coverage of anesthetic agents and advanced techniques. With colorful and detailed illustrations showing dental anatomy and hundreds of clinical photos of injection techniques, as well as discussions of the Human Needs Paradigm to promote patient-centered care, this reference prepares you for success on board exams and confidence in practice.Clear, approachable writing style makes it easier to learn proper techniques and gain confidence, acknowledging not only the patient’s fear of injection but also the fears of the inexperienced clinician. An outstanding art program features more than 500 full-color photographs and illustrations. Technique and Procedures boxes provide illustrated, step-by-step instructions for performing specific procedures, including indications, contraindications, nerves and teeth affected, operator and patient positioning, insertion point, penetration, amount of anesthetic, and working time.Color-coded anesthesia boxes match the color scheme developed and used by the ADA (American Dental Association) and help in choosing the best agent for the type of anesthesia required, providing images, selection tips, precautions, and maximum dosing information. Review questions at the end of each chapter provide the opportunity to assess your understanding, and the Evolve companion website provides a 55-question mock examination and chapter practice quizzes. Case studies make it easier to apply concepts to the clinical setting and to develop problem-solving skills.Dental Hygiene Considerations boxes summarize key points and tips for optimal care.Key terms are highlighted within the text and defined in the glossary. Learning objectives begin each chapter and set goals for what you will accomplish; they also help you study for examinations.A focus on the Human Needs Theory relates the administration of local anesthesia and dental hygiene care to the eight human needs.Summary tables and boxes help you review and study concepts, procedures, and techniques. Expert author Demetra Logothetis is a dental hygiene educator with 20 years of experience teaching local anesthesia and pain control.End-of-chapter resources include lists of current, evidence-based literature for further research or study.

Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist - E-Book

**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 with "Essential Purchase" designation in Dental Hygiene & Auxiliaries** Learn the safe use of local anesthesia with the only book written specifically for dental hygienists! Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 3rd Edition provides a complete guide to pharmacology and anesthetic techniques, helping you learn procedures before you work with actual patients. Detailed drawings show dental anatomy and full-color photos illustrate specific injection techniques; case studies let you apply your knowledge to clinical practice. The Evolve website includes procedure videos and prepares you for success on board exams with practice questions and a mock licensure exam. Writing in a warm, humanistic style, dental hygiene educator Demetra Logothetis will allay any fears you may have in working with local and topical anesthetics. - Clear, approachable writing style makes it easier to learn proper techniques and gain confidence, acknowledging not only the patient's fear of injection but also the fears of the inexperienced clinician. - More than 400 full-color photographs and illustrations show techniques, procedures, and instruments. - Procedures boxes provide illustrated, step-by-step instructions for performing specific procedures, including indications, contraindications, nerves and teeth affected, operator and patient positioning, insertion point, penetration, amount of anesthetic, and working time. - Case studies make it easier to apply concepts to the clinical setting and to develop problem-solving skills. - Review questions at the end of each chapter provide the opportunity to assess your understanding, and the Evolve website provides chapter practice quizzes and a 55-question mock examination. - Dental Hygiene Considerations boxes summarize key points and tips for optimal care. - Expert author Demetra Logothetis is an educator with more than 20 years of experience teaching local anesthesia administration for dental hygienists. - Key terms are highlighted within the text and defined in the glossary. - NEW! Updated information is provided on local anesthesia guidelines. - NEW! Videos of 15 local anesthesia procedures on the Evolve website demonstrate how to perform procedures. - NEW! Updated clinical photos are added to show examples of both proper and improper technique. - NEW! Updated case studies, procedure boxes, and multiple-choice review questions allow you to measure your progress.

Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Locoregional Approach

Local Anesthesia in Dentistry Distills the current body of knowledge in local anesthesia into a single, easy-to-use volume Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Locoregional Approach provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of local anesthetics, including anatomic considerations, pharmacology, armamentarium, injection techniques, indications, contraindications, complications, novel anesthetics formulations, and more. In-depth chapters offer clear criteria and guidelines for patient care, supported by hundreds of evidence-based references. Alongside this, standalone appendixes are hosted on the book’s companion website. In these appendixes, the authors have distilled a wide body of research, summarizing the findings of the seminal studies in the field, including historical landmark studies and clinical trial data to support practical aspects of locoregional anesthesia discussed in the textbook. This easy-to-use volume: Provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource on local anesthesia in dentistry Offers critical evaluations of research and literature on each topic and subtopic Addresses all common local anesthetic techniques, including basic injection, mandibular and maxillary anesthesia, and local anesthesia in children Features practical quantitative data and step-by-step information on situations encountered in daily practice Designed to support all levels of dental professionals, Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Locoregional Approach is written by two highly experienced practitioners, making this authoritative resource a must-have for dentists, dental nurses, dental technicians, hygienists, specialists, students, and researchers. It is also a valuable reference for other healthcare providers looking to support future study.

Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Locoregional Approach

Local Anesthesia in Dentistry Distills the current body of knowledge in local anesthesia into a single, easy-to-use volume Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Locoregional Approach provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of local anesthetics, including anatomic considerations, pharmacology, armamentarium, injection techniques, indications, contraindications, complications, novel anesthetics formulations, and more. In-depth chapters offer clear criteria and guidelines for patient care, supported by hundreds of evidence-based references. Alongside this, standalone appendixes are hosted on the book’s companion website. In these appendixes, the authors have distilled a wide body of research, summarizing the findings of the seminal studies in the field, including historical landmark studies and clinical trial data to support practical aspects of locoregional anesthesia discussed in the textbook. This easy-to-use volume: Provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource on local anesthesia in dentistry Offers critical evaluations of research and literature on each topic and subtopic Addresses all common local anesthetic techniques, including basic injection, mandibular and maxillary anesthesia, and local anesthesia in children Features practical quantitative data and step-by-step information on situations encountered in daily practice Designed to support all levels of dental professionals, Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Locoregional Approach is written by two highly experienced practitioners, making this authoritative resource a must-have for dentists, dental nurses, dental technicians, hygienists, specialists, students, and researchers. It is also a valuable reference for other healthcare providers looking to support future study.

Local Anesthetics (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology #81)

Local anesthetics are among the most widely used drugs. Their development over the past century ranges from a documented influence on Freud's Interpretation of Dreams 1 to the synthesis of the ubiquitously popular lidocaine, as described in Chapter 1. For surgical procedures the use of regional, epidural and intrathecal local anesthesia has increased continuously during the past decade. Local anesthetics are also applied by physicians to ameliorate unpleasant sensations and reactions to other procedures, such as tracheal intubation. The presence or the threat of cardiac arrhythmias is often countered by chronic administration oflocal anesthetic-like agents, such as lidocaine or procainamide. Relief of acute pain, accompanying dental manipulations, for example, and of chronic pain are also accomplished with traditional local anesthetics. And over-the-counter formula­ tions of topical local anesthetics provide practitioners of solar indiscretion welcome relief from their otherwise unaccommodating sunburn. In all these applications the final effect of the local anesthetic is an inhibition of electrical activity, accomplished as a reduction or total blockade of action potentials. The primary site of action is the sodium channel, a transmembrane protein which is essential for the influx of sodium ions that subserves impulse generation and propagation in nerves, skeletal muscle, and heart. The detailed mechanisms oflocal anesthetic action are still being investigated and Chapter 2 of this volume provides a current overview of that subject.

Local Authorities and the Social Determinants of Health

As many social inequalities widen, this is a crucial survey of local authorities’ evolving role in health, social care and wellbeing. Health and social and public policy experts review structural changes in provision and procurement, and explore social determinants of health including intergenerational needs and housing. With detailed assessments of regional disparities and case studies of effective strategies and interventions from local authorities, this collaborative study addresses complex issues (Wicked Issues), considers where responsibility for wellbeing lies and points the way to future policy-making. The Centre for Partnering (CfP) is a key outcome of this innovative review along with Bonner’s previous work Social Determinants of Health (2017).

Local Authorities and the Social Determinants of Health

As many social inequalities widen, this is a crucial survey of local authorities’ evolving role in health, social care and wellbeing. Health and social and public policy experts review structural changes in provision and procurement, and explore social determinants of health including intergenerational needs and housing. With detailed assessments of regional disparities and case studies of effective strategies and interventions from local authorities, this collaborative study addresses complex issues (Wicked Issues), considers where responsibility for wellbeing lies and points the way to future policy-making. The Centre for Partnering (CfP) is a key outcome of this innovative review along with Bonner’s previous work Social Determinants of Health (2017).