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Molecular Biology of Long Non-coding RNAs
by Ahmad M. Khalil and Jeff CollerLong non-coding RNAs (lnc)RNAs have emerged as a new paradigm in epigenetic regulation of the genome. Thousands of lncRNAs have been identified and observed in a wide range of organisms. Unlike mRNA, lncRNA have no protein-coding capacity. So, while their function is not entirely clear, they may serve as key organizers of protein complexes that allow for higher order regulatory events. Discovering these functions has been the result of intense research done of the last few years, and lncRNA research has had several critical developments during that time. This book will consolidate these ideas and models to better examine the most important issues in lncRNA biology. This will include critical studies that have led to the discovery and annotation of lncRNAs in numerous species, and the molecular mechanisms for a few lncRNA that have begun to emerge.
Molecular Biology of Long Non-coding RNAs
by Ahmad M. KhalilThis second edition shows how long non-coding RNAs (lnc)RNAs have emerged as a new paradigm in epigenetic regulation of the genome. Thousands of lncRNAs have been identified and observed in a wide range of organisms. Unlike mRNA, lncRNA have no protein-coding capacity. So, while their function is not entirely clear, they may serve as key organizers of protein complexes that allow for higher order regulatory events. Advances in the field also include better characterization of human long non-coding RNAs, novel insights into their roles in human development and disease, their diverse mechanisms of action and novel technologies to study them.
Molecular Biology of Membrane Transport Disorders
by Thomas E. Andreoli A. M. Brown D. M. Fambrough Joseph F. Hoffman Stanley G. Schultz Michael J. WelshWhen the six of us gathered to start planning for what was to be the Third Edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders, it was clear that since 1986, when the Second Edition appeared, the field had experienced the dawning of a new era dominated by a change in focus from phenomenology to underlying mechanisms propelled by the power of molecular biology. In 1985, detailed molecular information was available for only three membrane transporters: the lac permease, bacterial rhodopsin, and the acetylcholine receptor. During the decade that has since elapsed, almost all of the major ion channels and transport proteins have been cloned, sequenced, mutagenized, and expressed in homologous as well as heterologous cells. Few, if any, of the transporters that were identified during the previous era have escaped the probings of the new molecular technologies and, in many instances, considerable insight has been gained into their mechanisms of function in health and disease. Indeed, in some instances novel, unexpected transporters have emerged that have yet to have their functions identified. The decision to adopt the new title Molecular Biology of Membrane Transport Disorders was a natural outgrowth of these considerations.
Molecular Biology of Metal Homeostasis and Detoxification: From Microbes to Man (Topics in Current Genetics #14)
by Markus J. Tamás Enrico MartinoiaOne of the challenges faced by every cell as well as by whole organisms is to maintain appropriate concentrations of essential nutrient metals while excluding nonessential toxic metals. Toward that end, all organisms have developed mechanisms for metal homeostasis and detoxification to maintain metal levels within physiological limits. This book brings together current knowledge of the molecular basis of metal homeostasis and detoxification in various eukaryotic model systems, including yeasts, plants, and mammals. It focuses on the cellular systems controlling metal transport, intracellular distribution, and immobilization as well as on systems regulating metal-dependent transcription. In addition to environmental aspects (including phytoremediation), the book treats the pathophysiology of metal deficiency and overload in relation to disease.
Molecular Biology of Mitochondrial Transport Systems (Nato ASI Subseries H: #83)
by Michael Forte Marco ColombiniMitochondrial transport systems are essential to mitochondrial function and therefore to energy homeostasis within the cell. The book contains studies utilizing the techniques of biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology and genetics to reveal the structure and function of mitochondrial transport systems. It is divided into the following six sections: - Proton Translocation: The Uncoupling Protein and the ATPase; - Carriers and Transporters; - Mitochondrial Ion Channels; Structure of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Channel, VDAC; - VDAC, Peripheral Kinases and Energy Utilization; - Mitochondrial Channels in Humans and Relationship to Disease.
Molecular Biology of Mutagens and Carcinogens
by Beatrice Singer D. GrunbergerThis book originated in numerous Gordon Research Conferences and many other meetings of scientists working in chemistry, biophysics, biochemistry, and biology related to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It seemed the appro priate time to sit back and summarize the results of several decades of research in laboratories in different countries. We are very grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for inviting us to formulate and begin writing the book at the Center for International Studies in Bellagio, Italy, where we were Resident Scholars. We are fortunate to have had the assistance of so many colleagues around the world who cheerfully sent original data, figures, and preprints and lis tened patiently to us as we worked out the various conflicting ideas in this fast-moving. field. The names of these scientists are found within the tables, figures, and references. There is one person whose contributions we especially wish to acknowl edge. Professor Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat was present at the inception of this book and throughout the writing encouraged and criticized in apprOximately equal proportion. Finally, his editing and amalgamation of our two styles gave us great comfort. B.S. D.G.
The Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease: Butterworths International Medical Reviews
by Roger N. Rosenberg, MD, A.E. Harding, MD, MRCPThe Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease reviews advances that have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders as well as immediate and future applications of molecular biological techniques to clinical practice. This book explores the molecular genetics of neurological disease such as muscular dystrophy, Joseph disease, and Huntington's disease, along with the mitochondrial genes implicated in such conditions. This text is comprised of 18 chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the basic principles and methods of molecular genetic techniques used in the diagnosis of neurological disease. Attention then turns to several aspects of genetic expression in the brain, including the extent to which the genome is expressed in the brain. The next chapter focuses on the visualization of polyadenylated messenger RNAs in individual cells in mammalian brain using in situ hybridization techniques, combined with immunohistochemical localization of specific proteins and neuropeptides implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer dementia. This book also discusses the molecular biology of chemical synaptic neurotransmission; proteins involved in the regulation of nervous system development; and gene expression in skeletal muscle. This text then concludes with a summary of the ""neurological gene map"" as it stands in the latter part of 1987. This book is intended for physicians who grapple with the problems of neurological disorders on a daily basis, including neurologists, neurologists in training, and those in related fields such as neurosurgery, internal medicine, psychiatry, and rehabilitation medicine.
Molecular Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology #23)
by Dieter B. WildenauerIt is generally accepted that neuropsychiatric disorders have a biological basis. Pathological changes leading to illness have been confirmed for Alzheimer’s (amyloid plaques) and Parkinson’s disease (loss of dopaminergic transmission) and are the foundation for studies on the molecular biology of these disorders. For other neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular for schizophrenic and affective disorders, molecular causes appear to be more complex and therefore remain hypothetical, despite decades of research. Changes in a number of neuronal pathways and structures have been reported to be associated with these disorders and are currently under extensive investigation. The present volume reviews recent knowledge with emphasis on ongoing research findings. Current hypotheses based on these findings are described and discussed.
Molecular Biology of Neuroreceptors and Ion Channels (Nato ASI Subseries H: #32)
by Alfred MaelickeThis workshop was the second of this series held on the island of santorini in the Cycladic Sea. The first one ("Mechanism of Action of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor", NATO ASI Se ries H, vol. 10) took place in May 1986 and focused on what was at the time the best studied of all neuroreceptors. This second one, held only two years later, demonstrates the im mense progress achieved since then in the field of neurorecep tors and ion channels. Molecular cloning techniques have now made available the primary structures of a whole array of ion channel proteins, and this in turn has shed light on some gen eral principles of the structure-function relationships of these central elements of intercellular communication. The purpose of this workshop was to explore the common ele ments in gene and protein structure of already cloned ion channel proteins, and to assess the status of other cloning projects in progress. It explicitly focused on very recently published and unpublished results. All participants kept to these goals thereby demonstrating the very value of such work shops for the progress of science.
The Molecular Biology of Photorhabdus Bacteria (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #402)
by Richard H. ffrench-ConstantThis book provides an essential update on the startling array of novel insecticidal toxins and drugs produced by the fascinating bacterium Photorhabdus. The respective chapters describe everything from the detailed molecular biology of the ‘Toxin complexes’ or Tc’s to the complexity of insect immune response in relation to both the bacterium and its nematode vector. The volume covers both primary (toxin production and regulation) and secondary (natural product synthesis and regulation) metabolism and emphasises the potential use of toxins and drugs in both agriculture and medicine. It also discusses in detail two totally novel quorum sensing mechanisms and the likely role of LuxR solos in sensing the presence of different bacterial hosts. Lastly, the book explores the unique case of P. asymbiotica, which seems to have evolved the ability to infect both insects and humans. This synthesis proves that Photorhabdus truly does offer a ‘gold mine’ for the discovery of novel insecticidal proteins and novel natural products with potential uses in agriculture and medicine alike.
The Molecular Biology of Physarum polycephalum (Nato Science Series A: #106)
by William F. Dove Jennifer Dee Sadashi Hatano Finn B. Haugli Karl-Ernst Wohlfarth-BottermannOne landmark in the long history of biological studies on the "slime mold" Physarum polycephalum was the introduction of chemi cally defined growth conditions for the plasmodial phase of this organism in the laboratory of Harold P. Rusch in Wisconsin in the 1950s. A number of investigators began working with Physarum in that era, then dispersed over the world. In the 1950s to 1960s, the regular meetings of Physarum workers in North America were commonly held in Wisconsin. Strong new scientific initiatives in Physarum have grown up independently, from the disciplines of genetics, cytology, photo biology, and biophysics, in countries scattered over the world from Japan to Poland, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Turkey, and Great Britain. Infusion of the technical power of contemporary molecular biology--in particular, gene cloning and monoclonal antibodies--has brought these dispersed investigators into mutual communication. It was therefore timely and appropriate to assemble the Physarum community again in Wisconsin after a hiatus of 20 years, at a conference in the Friedrick Conference Center at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, from July 8 to 13, 1985.
The Molecular Biology of Poliovirus
by F. Koch G. KochYears ago when we were asked to write a book on the present-day knowledge of the molecular biology of poliovirus, we did not expect that such an apparently simple task could involve so much time and effort. Our writing was hampered by the fact that both of us are full time "workers", so that this monograph is mainly a spare time expedience. The main attention of this book focuses on a detailed review of the molecular biology of poliovirus and especially on the advances of the last decade; medical and environmental aspects are only briefly mentioned. Observations from older studies are considered in view of more recent information. Some of the older ob servations provided fundamental insights and paved the way for present day research; too often such data has been neglected or independently rediscovered. Today, poliovirus research has again attracted considerable interest. High points gained within the last few years were the elucidation of the complete nucleotide sequences of the RNAs of the three poliovinls serotypes and the corresponding vaccine strains, the demonstration of genome evolution during transmission of poliovirus in an epidemic, further characterization of the antigenic sites on the virus particle and of the antigenic drift, characterization of alternate conforma tional states of the virion capsid, the development of monoclonal antibodies against some of the virus proteins, observations on the role of the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasmic membranes as mediators in the virus induced redirection of the synthetic machinery of the host cell, and characteriza
Molecular Biology of Steroid and Nuclear Hormone Receptors (Progress in Gene Expression)
by Leonard P. FreedmanMolecular Biology Of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
by Peter M. GresshoffThe core of the text is aimed at the research worker in the field of nitrogen fixation, but, despite its specialisation, does not lose the emphasis on teaching, both as a direct reference book and as a backbone for a graduate course on the subject.The closing part of the book includes a subject index and a glossary of terms. The latter was included not for the expert, for whom many of the definitions will be too general, but for the newcomer; the author hopes that the quick survey of key terms will help in the reading of this book.
Molecular Biology Of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
by Peter M. GresshoffThe core of the text is aimed at the research worker in the field of nitrogen fixation, but, despite its specialisation, does not lose the emphasis on teaching, both as a direct reference book and as a backbone for a graduate course on the subject.The closing part of the book includes a subject index and a glossary of terms. The latter was included not for the expert, for whom many of the definitions will be too general, but for the newcomer; the author hopes that the quick survey of key terms will help in the reading of this book.
Molecular Biology of the Lung: Volume I: Emphysema and Infection (Respiratory Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy)
by R. A. StockleyMolecular Biology of the Lung: Volume II: Asthma and Cancer (Respiratory Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy)
by Robert A. StockleyMolecular Biology of the Parathyroid (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit)
by Tally Naveh-Manyaintaining extracellular calcium concentrations within a narrow range is critical for the survival of most vertebrates. PTH, together with vitamin D, responds to hypocalcemia to increase extracellu M lar calcium levels, by acting on bone, kidney and intestine. The recent intro duction of PTH as a major therapeutic agent in osteoporosis has directed renewed interest in this important hormone and in the physiology of the parathyroid gland. The parathyroid is unique in that low serum calcium stimulates PTH secretion. As hypocalcemia persists, there is also an increase in PTH synthesis. Chronic hypocalcemia leads to hypertrophy and hyper plasia of the parathyroid gland together with increased production of the hormone. Phosphate is also a key modulator of PTH secretion, gene expres sion and parathyroid cell proliferation. Understanding the biology of the parathyroid as well as the mecha nisms of associated diseases has taken great strides in recent years. This book summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in the function of the para thyroid gland. The first chapter reviews the development of the parathyroid gland and the genes involved in this process as identified using genetically manipulated mice. Then the biosynthetic pathway of PTH from gene ex pression to its intracellular processing and the sequences in the gene control ling its transcription as well as those regulating mRNA processing, stability and translation are described.
Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus
by Sunil K. LalSARS was the ?rst new plague of the twenty-?rst century. Within months, it spread worldwide from its “birthplace” in Guangdong Province, China, affecting over 8,000 people in 25 countries and territories across ?ve continents. SARS exposed the vulnerability of our modern globalised world to the spread of a new emerging infection. SARS (or a similar new emerging disease) could neither have spread so rapidly nor had such a great global impact even 50 years ago, and arguably, it was itself a product of our global inter-connectedness. Increasing af?uence and a demand for wild-game as exotic food led to the development of large trade of live animal and game animal markets where many species of wild and domestic animals were co-housed, providing the ideal opportunities for inter-species tra- mission of viruses and other microbes. Once such a virus jumped species and attacked humans, the increased human mobility allowed the virus the opportunity for rapid spread. An infected patient from Guangdong who stayed for one day at a hotel in Hong Kong led to the transmission of the disease to 16 other guests who travelled on to seed outbreaks of the disease in Toronto, Singapore, and Vietnam, as well as within Hong Kong itself. The virus exploited the practices used in modern intensive care of patients with severe respiratory disease and the weakness in infection control practices within our health care systems to cause outbreaks within hospitals, further amplifying the spread of the disease. Health-care itself has become a two-edged sword.
Molecular Biology of Valvular Heart Disease
by Nalini M. RajamannanThe cellular mechanisms of valvular heart disease have not been elucidated until the last decade. To date, there is no medical therapy that is FDA or CE mark approved for the treatment and/or slowing the progression of this disease. This textbook will provide the cellular basis for medical therapy. Over the past decade, research laboratories are more and more evolving into valvular biology programs from the traditional vascular biology. The science between the two disciplines, although has several similarities has unique cellular targets secondary to the embryologic derivation of the heart valve and the hemodynamics involved in the understanding of this disorders. This textbook will be a natural progression from the recently published text Cardiac Valvular Medicine, Springer 2012. This new textbook will provide the cellular details and the more basic molecular biology approaches towards understanding the disease, providing novel cellular targets and finally developing future clinical trials in the medical treatment of valvular heart disease in the future.
Molecular Biology, Pathogenicity, and Ecology of Bacterial Plasmids
by Stuart CalderwoodThis book resulted from presentations at an international conference on bacterial p1asmids held January 5-9, 1981 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. This was the first meeting of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere. The meeting place was selected for its relaxed and comfortable climate, conducive to interactions among participants. More importantly the locale facilitated the participation of nearby Latin American clinical and research scientists who deal directly with the health manifestations of pathogenic p1asmids. Diseases and socio-economic practices of developing countries exist in the Dominican Republic whose scientific community could directly benefit from having the meeting there. The book includes the talks as well as extended abstracts of poster presentations from the meeting. This combination, which provides readers with reviews as well as recent findings, captures the full scientific exchange which took place during the 5-day meeting. As one indication of pathogenicity related to p1asmids, the conferees were surveyed for gastro-intestina1 problems during and after their stay in the Dominican Republic. The results are summarized at the end of this book.
Molecular Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
by Ranbir Chander Sobti Aastha Sobti Haruhiko SugimuraThis book presents recent advancements, challenges, and clinical implications of molecular biomarkers in various cancers. This book highlights the clinical applications of biomarkers are extensive for cancer risk assessment, screening and early detection of cancer, accurate diagnosis, patient prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and cancer surveillance and monitoring response. It also explores the progress of predictive biomarkers as an adjunctive tool to tumor immunotherapy in effectively identifying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses their future directions in achieving precision immuno-oncology. Further, the book examines the combination of next-generation sequencing and advanced computational data analysis approaches in the understanding of the genomic underpinnings of cancer development and progression. Towards the end, the chapter discusses the role of some commonly investigated phytochemicals and their epigenetic targets that are of particularinterest in cancer prevention and cancer therapy. It is a must for researchers as well as advanced students and physicians in the field of cancer and clinical oncologists.
Molecular Biophysics for the Life Sciences (Biophysics for the Life Sciences #6)
by Norma Allewell, Linda O. Narhi and Ivan RaymentThis volume provides an overview of the development and scope of molecular biophysics and in-depth discussions of the major experimental methods that enable biological macromolecules to be studied at atomic resolution. It also reviews the physical chemical concepts that are needed to interpret the experimental results and to understand how the structure, dynamics, and physical properties of biological macromolecules enable them to perform their biological functions. Reviews of research on three disparate biomolecular machines—DNA helicases, ATP synthases, and myosin--illustrate how the combination of theory and experiment leads to new insights and new questions.
Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA (ASM Books)
by Bernard R. Glick Cheryl L. PattenMolecular Biotechnology Molecular Biotechnology Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA SIXTH EDITION An authoritative introduction to the fast-changing world of molecular biotechnology In continuous publication since 1994 and now in its sixth edition, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA has been effective in introducing this complex field to students for more than 25 years. This textbook covers essentially every aspect of the field of molecular biotechnology, which is constantly changing and adapting in light of new advances. This edition includes the latest techniques in DNA sequencing and genetic engineering of microbial, plant, and animal genomes, including human genome editing, as well as updates across many areas, such as: Immunological assays for disease diagnosis, more effective bacteriophage therapy, and new ways of dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria New and developing vaccines for influenza, tuberculosis, and emerging viral threats, including Zika and SARS-CoV-2 Engineering bacteria to perform plastic degradation and green algae to produce hydrogen, altering amino acid biosynthesis, and creating designer cellulosomes Production of humanized monoclonal antibodies in plants, modifying hybrid plants to produce clonal hybrids, and protecting plants from viral and fungal diseases Molecular Biotechnology features nearly 600 detailed figures and is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory biotechnology, as well as courses dedicated to utilizing this technology, such as medical, agricultural, environmental, and industrial biotechnology applications.