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Molecular Diversity in Drug Design
by P. M. Dean R. A. LewisHigh-throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry are two of the most potent weapons ever to have been used in the discovery of new drugs. At a stroke, it seems to be possible to synthesise more molecules in a month than have previously been made in the whole of the distinguished history of organic chemistry, Furthermore, all the molecules can be screened in the same short period. However, like any weapons of immense power, these techniques must be used with care, to achieve maximum impact. The costs of implementing and running high-throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry are high, as large dedicated facilities must be built and staffed. In addition, the sheer number of chemical leads generated may overwhelm the lead optimisation teams in a hail of friendly fire. Mother nature has not entirely surrendered, as the number of building blocks that could be used to build libraries would require more atoms than there are in the universe. In addition, the progress made by the Human Genome Project has uncovered many proteins with different functions but related binding sites, creating issues of selectivity. Advances in the new field of pharmacogenomics will produce more of these challenges. There is a real need to make hi- throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry into 'smart' weapons, so that their power is not dissipated. That is the challenge for modellers, computational chemists, cheminformaticians and IT experts. In this book, we have broken down this grand challenge into key tasks.
Molecular Diversity of Environmental Prokaryotes
by Thiago Bruce Rodrigues Amaro Emiliano SilvaThis book correlates the vast genetic diversity associated with environmental samples and still underexploited potential for the development of biotechnology products. The book points out the potential of different types of environmental samples. It presents the main characteristics of microbial diversity, the main approaches used for molecular characterization of the diversity, and practical examples of application of the exploration of the microbial diversity. It presents a not-yet-explored structure for discussing the main topics related to molecular biology of environmental prokaryotes and their biotechnological applications.
Molecular Diversity of Environmental Prokaryotes
by Thiago Bruce Rodrigues and Amaro Emiliano Trindade SilvaThis book correlates the vast genetic diversity associated with environmental samples and still underexploited potential for the development of biotechnology products. The book points out the potential of different types of environmental samples. It presents the main characteristics of microbial diversity, the main approaches used for molecular characterization of the diversity, and practical examples of application of the exploration of the microbial diversity. It presents a not-yet-explored structure for discussing the main topics related to molecular biology of environmental prokaryotes and their biotechnological applications.
Molecular Dynamics in Biological Membranes (Heidelberg Science Library)
by Milton H.Jr. Saier Charles D. StilesMolecular Dynamics of Nanostructures and Nanoionics: Simulations in Complex Systems
by Junko HabasakiNanostructured materials with multiple components and complex structures are the current focus of research and are expected to develop further for material designs in many applications in electrochemical, colloidal, medical, pharmaceutical, and several other fields. This book discusses complex nanostructured systems exemplified by nanoporous silicates, spontaneously formed gels from silica-nanocolloidal solutions, and related systems, and examines them using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanoporous materials, nanocolloidal systems, and gels are useful in many applications and can be used in electric devices and storage, and for gas, ion, and drug delivery. The book gives an overview of the history, current status, and frontiers of the field. It also discusses the fundamental aspects related to the common behaviors of some of these systems and common analytical methods to treat them.
Molecular Dynamics of Nanostructures and Nanoionics: Simulations in Complex Systems
by Junko HabasakiNanostructured materials with multiple components and complex structures are the current focus of research and are expected to develop further for material designs in many applications in electrochemical, colloidal, medical, pharmaceutical, and several other fields. This book discusses complex nanostructured systems exemplified by nanoporous silicates, spontaneously formed gels from silica-nanocolloidal solutions, and related systems, and examines them using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanoporous materials, nanocolloidal systems, and gels are useful in many applications and can be used in electric devices and storage, and for gas, ion, and drug delivery. The book gives an overview of the history, current status, and frontiers of the field. It also discusses the fundamental aspects related to the common behaviors of some of these systems and common analytical methods to treat them.
Molecular Embryology: How Molecules Give Birth to Animals
by Michael J. BarryMolecular Embryology explains in simple terms the molecular interactions that transform an egg to a complex embryo that in the end gives rise to a fully-formed animal. In doing so, the book covers one hundred and fifty years of experiments that have led to our present understanding of these molecular interactions. As the text progresses, the reader will gain a sense of the developmental similarities and differences between organisms. Students studying developmental biology and embryology will find this book an extremely useful introduction to the subject and will also appeal to anyone with an interest in the most recent advances in this largely undiscovered territory.
Molecular Embryology: How Molecules Give Birth to Animals
by Michael J. BarryMolecular Embryology explains in simple terms the molecular interactions that transform an egg to a complex embryo that in the end gives rise to a fully-formed animal. In doing so, the book covers one hundred and fifty years of experiments that have led to our present understanding of these molecular interactions. As the text progresses, the reader will gain a sense of the developmental similarities and differences between organisms. Students studying developmental biology and embryology will find this book an extremely useful introduction to the subject and will also appeal to anyone with an interest in the most recent advances in this largely undiscovered territory.
Molecular Endocrinology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #590)
by Ok-Kyong Park-Sarge and Thomas E. CurryOver the course of the last hundred years, the field of endocrinology has received ever-increasing attention. Research and developing technologies have resulted in a significant leap in our understanding of the causes and treatment of endocrine dysfunction. In Molecular Endocrinology: Methods and Protocols, leaders in the field share a diversity of cutting-edge techniques that are becoming routinely employed in the quest to further understand hormone action. In order to reach the widest number of labs, this volume includes protocols that allow investigators at all stages of their scientific career to successfully perform these techniques. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include brief introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and expert notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and easy to use, Molecular Endocrinology: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for researchers in labs across the world who seek a deeper understanding of the complex processes and biology of hormones.
The Molecular Epidemiology of Human Viruses
by Thomas LeitnerAdvances in DNA sequencing and phylogenetic inference have created powerful methods to investigate many dangerous human viruses. The Molecular Epidemiology Of Viruses provides a comprehensive introduction to the use of genetic methods in molecular epidemiology and in-depth examples of analyses from many viruses. This book is of interest to researchers in the fields of infectious disease, virology, microbiology, evolutionary biology, epidemiology and molecular biology as well as anyone interested in tracking the spread of disease.
Molecular Epidemiology of Microorganisms: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #551)
by Dominique A. CaugantThe development and rapid implementation of molecular genotyping methods have re- lutionized the possibility for differentiation and classification of microorganisms at the subspecies level. Investigation of the species diversity is required to determine molecular relatedness of isolates for epidemiological studies. Methods for molecular epidemiology of microorganisms must be highly reproducible and provide effective discrimination of epidemiologically unrelated strains. A wide range of techniques has been applied to the investigation of outbreaks of tra- missible disease, and these have been critical in unraveling the route of spread of pat- gens for humans, animals, and plants. The choice of a molecular method will depend on the type of questions to be addressed, on the degree of genetic diversity of the species to be analyzed, and on the mechanisms responsible for generation of the diversity. The applications of molecular methods, singly or in combination, have greatly contributed in the past two decades to basic microbial science and public health control strategies. Molecular Epidemiology of Microorganisms: Methods and Protocols brings together a series of methods-based chapters with examples of application to some of the most important microbes. Both traditional and novel techniques are described, and the type of information that can be expected to be obtained by their application is indicated.
Molecular Evolution of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Nato ASI Subseries H: #59)
by Jan Klein Dagmar KleinFrom molecules to populations and back In biology, the most vigorous organisms often ensue from a union of two disparate, pure lines. In science, too, laws of hybrid vigor seem to operate at the interface between two disciplines, an interface that often proves to be fertile ground for germinating concepts and new outlooks. The fringes of research into the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) have provided such an interface several times in the past and the encounters have invigorated fields such as transplantation biology, cellular immunology, and immunogenetics. In the last few years, a new interface has been emerging between Mhc and evolutionary genetics, and particularly the branch of evolutionary genetics dealing with molecular evolution. Mhc research relies upon molecular evolutionary genetics, with its grand superstructure of mathematical formulations, to come to grips with the events leading to and maintaining the Mhc polymorphism. Without the armament of rigorous statistical procedures developed by evolutionary geneticists, the intricate relationships among Mhc genes cannot be resolved. It will undoubtedly be a molecular geneticist who is the final arbiter in the dispute concerning the nature of the selection pressure molding the Mhc genes. And it is doubtful whether the true function of Mhc can ever be comprehended without the vantage point afforded by the elucidation of its evolutionary history.
Molecular Evolution of Viruses — Past and Present
by Yechiel BeckerThe studies presented in this special issue of VIRUS GENES provide information on the two aspects of virus evolution: the ancient evolution of viruses from the time prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells evolved, and the ongoing process of the current molecular evolution of viruses. The studies of many scientists collected in this issue and many more that were published in other scientific journals provide insight into the molecular evolution of viruses as one of nature's mysteries. The use of computer porograms to study the nucleotide sequences of viral genomes, the amino acid compositions of proteins coded by viral genomes, and searches for regulatory mechanisms in viral nucleic acid replication, as well as identities of motifs in proteins of viruses from all families, will provide additional information on the subject. In future issues that will be devoted to this subject, the origin and evolution of RNA and DNA viruses will be further investigated.
Molecular Evolution of Viruses — Past and Present: Evolution of Viruses by Acquisition of Cellular RNA and DNA
by GholamrezaDarai YechielBeckerMolecular Evolution: Towards the Origin of Metazoa (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology #21)
by Werner E. G. MüllerRecently, new genes and their proteins that revealed striking new insights into the early evolution of multicellular animals have been identified and characterized from members of the lowest metazoan phylum, the porifera (sponges). The unexpected result was that the sequences obtained from sponge displayed high similarity to those found in higher metazoa; in consequence, it was concluded that during the transition from protozoa to metazoa the major structural and regulatory proteins evolved only once. The data gathered are now powerful arguments to establish monophyly of metazoa; in addition, new insights on the evolutionary diversification of metazoa were obtained.
Molecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction
by Adam P. SharplesFully revised and expanded, the second edition of Molecular Exercise Physiology offers a student-friendly introduction. It introduces a history documenting the emergence of molecular biology techniques to investigate exercise physiology, the methodology used, exercise genetics and epigenetics, and the molecular mechanisms that lead to adaptation after different types of exercise, with explicit links to outcomes in sport performance, nutrition, physical activity and clinical exercise. Structured around key topics in sport and exercise science and featuring contributions from pioneering scientists, such as Nobel Prize winners, this edition includes new chapters based on cutting-edge research in epigenetics and muscle memory, satellite cells, exercise in cancer, at altitude, and in hot and cold climates. Chapters include learning objectives, structured guides to further reading, review questions, overviews of work by key researchers and box discussions from important pioneers in the field, making it a complete resource for any molecular exercise physiology course. The book includes cell and molecular biology laboratory methods for dissertation and research projects in molecular exercise physiology and muscle physiology. This book is essential reading for upper-level undergraduate or postgraduate courses in cellular and molecular exercise physiology and muscle physiology. It is a valuable resource for any student with an advanced interest in exercise physiology in both sport performance and clinical settings.
Molecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction
by Henning WackerhageMolecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction is the first student-friendly textbook to be published on this key topic in contemporary sport and exercise science. It introduces sport and exercise genetics and the molecular mechanisms by which exercise causes adaptation. The text is linked to real life sport and exercise science situations such as ‘what makes people good at distance running?’, ‘what DNA sequence variations code for a high muscle mass?’ or ‘by what mechanisms does exercise improve type2 diabetes?’ The book includes a full range of useful features, such as summaries, definitions of key terms, guides to further reading, review questions, personal comments by molecular exercise pioneers (Booth, Bouchard) and leading research in the field, as well as descriptions of research methods. A companion website offers interactive and downloadable resources for both student and lecturers. Structured around central themes in sport and exercise science, such as nutrition, endurance training, resistance training, exercise & chronic disease and ageing, this book is the perfect foundation around which to build a complete upper-level undergraduate or postgraduate course on molecular exercise physiology.
Molecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction
by Henning WackerhageMolecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction is the first student-friendly textbook to be published on this key topic in contemporary sport and exercise science. It introduces sport and exercise genetics and the molecular mechanisms by which exercise causes adaptation. The text is linked to real life sport and exercise science situations such as ‘what makes people good at distance running?’, ‘what DNA sequence variations code for a high muscle mass?’ or ‘by what mechanisms does exercise improve type2 diabetes?’ The book includes a full range of useful features, such as summaries, definitions of key terms, guides to further reading, review questions, personal comments by molecular exercise pioneers (Booth, Bouchard) and leading research in the field, as well as descriptions of research methods. A companion website offers interactive and downloadable resources for both student and lecturers. Structured around central themes in sport and exercise science, such as nutrition, endurance training, resistance training, exercise & chronic disease and ageing, this book is the perfect foundation around which to build a complete upper-level undergraduate or postgraduate course on molecular exercise physiology.
Molecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction
by Henning Wackerhage Adam P. Sharples James P. MortonFully revised and expanded, the second edition of Molecular Exercise Physiology offers a student-friendly introduction. It introduces a history documenting the emergence of molecular biology techniques to investigate exercise physiology, the methodology used, exercise genetics and epigenetics, and the molecular mechanisms that lead to adaptation after different types of exercise, with explicit links to outcomes in sport performance, nutrition, physical activity and clinical exercise. Structured around key topics in sport and exercise science and featuring contributions from pioneering scientists, such as Nobel Prize winners, this edition includes new chapters based on cutting-edge research in epigenetics and muscle memory, satellite cells, exercise in cancer, at altitude, and in hot and cold climates. Chapters include learning objectives, structured guides to further reading, review questions, overviews of work by key researchers and box discussions from important pioneers in the field, making it a complete resource for any molecular exercise physiology course. The book includes cell and molecular biology laboratory methods for dissertation and research projects in molecular exercise physiology and muscle physiology. This book is essential reading for upper-level undergraduate or postgraduate courses in cellular and molecular exercise physiology and muscle physiology. It is a valuable resource for any student with an advanced interest in exercise physiology in both sport performance and clinical settings.
Molecular Farming in Plants: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
by Aiming Wang and Shengwu MaMolecular farming in plants is a relatively young subject of sciences. As plants can offer an inexpensive and convenient platform for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins with various functions, the driven force from the giant market for recombinant protein pharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes makes this subject grow and advance very quickly. To summarize recent advances, current challenges and future directions in molecular farming, international authorities were invited to write this book for researchers, teachers and students who are interested in this subject. This book, with the focus on the most advanced cutting-edge breakthroughs, covers all the essential aspects of the field of molecular farming in plants: from expression technologies to downstream processing, from products to safety issues, and from current advances and holdups to future developments.
Molecular Farming of Plants and Animals for Human and Veterinary Medicine
by L. Erickson W. J. Yu J. Brandle R. RymersonMolecular farming has been hailed as the "third wave" of genetically-modified organisms produced through biotechnology for the bio-based economy of the future. Unlike products of the first wave, such as herbicide resistant crop plants, which were perceived to benefit only the farmers who used them and the agrochemical companies who developed them, products of molecular farming are designed specifically for the benefit of the consumer. Such products could be purified from food or non-food organisms for a range of applications in industry, as well as animal and human health. Alternatively, the products of this technology could be consumed more directly in some edible format, such as milk, eggs, fruits or vegetables. There is a rapidly-growing interest Qn the part of the public as well as in the medical community in the role food plays in health, especially in the immunophysiological impact of food over and above the role of basic nutrition.
Molecular Genetic Epidemiology: A Laboratory Perspective (Principles and Practice)
by Ian N. M.DayThis volume describes high-throughput approaches to a series of robust, established methodologies in molecular genetic studies of population samples. Such developments have been essential not only to linkage and association studies of single-gene and complex traits in humans, animals and plants, but also to the characterisation of clone banks, for example in mapping of genomes. Chapters have been written by developers or highly experienced end-users concerned with a diverse array of biological applications. The book should appeal to any researcher for whom costs and throughput in their genetics laboratory have become an issue.
Molecular Genetic Pathology
by Liang Cheng David Y. ZhangThis volume presents a useful and up-to-date handbook containing information relevant to the clinical practice of molecular genetic pathology. It features organized, detailed text on specific molecular genetic techniques. The volume provides a unique reference for the practicing pathologist and medical geneticist, as well as a review book for residents and fellows in training in pathology, medical genetics and molecular genetic pathology.
Molecular Genetics: 4. wissenschaftliche Konferenz der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte Berlin 1967
by Heinz G. Wittmann Heinz SchusterA small informal symposium on "Molecular Genetics" was organized by us on behalf of the "Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte" and took place in Berlin in October 1967. There were about 40 partici pants from Europe and the United States. Molecular Genetics represents today an extraordinarily comprehensive research field. Therefore the organizers of the symposium had the choice either of limiting the meeting to a particular topic or of covering a wider selection of current problems. The latter alternative was chosen. The fields of research of the participants covered the broad range of scientific problems in which molecular genetics is nowadays involved: Genetic code; chemistry and biosynthesis of proteins; mutation, modification and reactivation of nucleic acids; biochemistry of regulation; comple mentation; structure; replication and function of viruses, etc. The meeting took place in the Hotel Schweizerhof where the partici pants were also accommodated. This permitted close contact between the participants outside of the official program and allowed informal discussions, which started during the meetings, to be continued after wards. Owing to the informal nature of these discussions, only a part of them could be included in this book. Berlin, September 1968 H. G. WITTMANN H. SCHUSTER Contents List of Participants . . . . . . . . . . .... VII I. Structure and Function of Ribosomes; Complementation Complementation and Dominance Relationsship between Protein Subunits. By J. R. S. FINCHAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ribosomal Proteins of E. coli and Yeast. By E. KALTSCHMIDT, V. RUDLOFF, G. STOFFLER, A. CHERSI, M. DZIONARA, D. DOl\IIER, and H. G. WITTMANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 5 .