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MRI of Cardiovascular Malformations
by Bruno KastlerMRI is a non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging modality that is perfectly suited for the diagnosis and follow-up of both pediatric and adult congenital heart disease. It provides a large field of view and has the unique ability to depict complex cardiac and vascular anatomy and to measure cardiac function and flow within one examination. MRI is the ideal complement to echocardiography whenever the information provided by the latter is limited. This book has been conceived as a self-teaching manual that will assist qualified radiologists, cardiologists, and pediatricians, as well as those in training. It is richly illustrated with numerous images and drawings that cover all usual and most unusual anomalies. The principal author, Professor Bruno Kastler, is head of radiology at Besançon University Hospital, France and is board certified in both radiology and cardiology.
MRI of Degenerative Disease of the Spine: A Case-Based Atlas
by Paola D'AprileThis richly illustrated case-based atlas thoroughly depicts the role of MR imaging in the assessment of patients presenting with pain due to degenerative disease of the spine and will serve as an excellent guide to differential diagnosis. Importantly, generic radicular compression is the main reason for the painful symptomatology in only a limited number of cases, and this book illustrates and emphasizes how various anatomic elements of the spine can be responsible. The imaging features of a range of disorders involving both the anterior and posterior elements of the spine are described, including active inflammatory osteochondrosis, atypical herniated discs, facet joint disorders, spondylolysis, and degenerative-inflammatory changes of the spinal ligaments and posterior perispinal muscles. Each example is supported by clinical data, and a series of unusual cases are also presented. MR study protocols include T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences with fat saturation to allow better visualization or highlighting of various inflammatory changes in the spine. Radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, orthopedists, and rehabilitation physicians will all find this atlas a valuable asset in their practice.
MRI of Degenerative Disease of the Spine: A Case-Based Atlas
by Paola D'Aprile Alfredo TarantinoThis is the second edition of an acclaimed, richly illustrated and comprehensive case-based atlas focusing on MRI of degenerative changes in the osteoarticular structures of the spine. Spinal degenerative disease is highly prevalent in the general population and its incidence increases with age. At the same time, degenerative spinal conditions are one of the most common causes of pain.The book presents a comprehensive overview of the MR findings observed in degenerative disease of spinal joints, ligaments and paravertebral muscles, and offers guidance on selecting the appropriate imaging protocol, which is critical in detecting the potentially very subtle changes. The MR study protocols presented include T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences with fat saturation, since these sequences permit better visualization of inflammatory changes of both anterior and posterior elements of the spine.This richly illustrated second edition highlights the inflammatory component of the degenerative pathology of the spine, which in most cases is responsible for the painful symptomatology. It also discusses in detail the use of contrast medium in MRI of spinal degenerative disease. The “case-based” structure of the atlas allows easy but effective consultation by radiologists, neuroradiologists, rheumatologists, orthopedists and physiatrists, as well as students.
MRI of Fetal and Maternal Diseases in Pregnancy
by Gabriele MasselliThis comprehensive guide to MRI of the pregnant patient presenting with fetal or maternal diseases provides a practical, hands-on approach to the use of state-of-the-art MRI techniques and the optimization of sequences. It analyzes data obtained from maternal and fetal MRI examinations, reviews fast imaging techniques, details pitfalls related to fetal MRI and assesses methods for improving image resolution. Fetal pathological conditions and methods of prenatal MRI diagnosis are discussed according to organ system and the literature is reviewed. Interpretation of findings and potential artifacts are thoroughly considered with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. The book will be a detailed resource for radiologists, obstetricians, neonatologists and geneticists, as well as any other practitioner who wishes to gain an in-depth understanding of fetal and maternal MRI. In addition, it will serve as a reference source for technicians, researchers and students, as well as for any specialist who is planning to set up a fetal and maternal MRI service.
MRI of Gynaecological Diseases: Illustrations and Cases
by Guofu ZhangThis book systematically covers MRI imaging findings of a spectrum of gynaecological diseases, including ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer, etc. All chapters are arranged in the same format: simply clinical history is firstly presented in order to help readers mimic the real clinical scenario, and then untypical features in many common diseases and typical features in many uncommon diseases are interpreted. In the end of each chapter, tips in differential diagnosis were summarized by analysing a class of cases with similar imaging performance. All cases in the book have the detailed pathological results, and the pathological specimens are also shown in some cases. It will be an ideal reference for physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological diseases.
MRI of Rectal Cancer: Clinical Atlas
by Arnd-Oliver Schäfer Mathias LangerOncology in general has seen vast advancements over recent years. Improved und- standing of tumor biology, multidisciplinary team decisions and an individualized therapy are cornerstones of treatment planning for cancer patients today. These dev- opments have challenged the imaging community with ever more specifc questions on tumor detection, staging and therapy control. Whereas this evolution applies to many tumor entities, rectal cancer takes an outstanding role, as it was the recognition of certain anatomical and pathological features of the disease, with the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that induced radiology not only to aid in disease mana- ment, but in fact to be a powerful engine for new concepts in rectal cancer treatment. The continuous improvement of highly specialized MRI and the groundbreaking scientifc contributions of radiologists all over the world have paved the way for s- stantial refnements of this technique during the last decade. Consequently, dedicated imaging protocols for routine diagnostic work-up of r- tal cancer patients are now available, which can guide multidisciplinary team de- sions and, in combination with optimized surgery and chemoradiotherapy, lead to longer survival and a better quality of life. Besides the scientifc advances, the enduring clinical success of MRI in the feld of rectal cancer is highly contingent upon expertise. To this end, ongoing education and continuous training are vital.
MRI of Rheumatic Spine: A Case-Based Atlas
by Paola D’AprileThis richly illustrated and comprehensive case-based atlas documents the MR findings observed in spondyloarthritis and offers guidance on selection of the appropriate imaging protocol, which is critical in detecting the potentially very subtle changes. The presented MR study protocols include T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences with fat saturation, these being sequences which permit better visualization of inflammatory changes of both anterior and posterior elements of the spine. Cases of spondylitis, discitis, osteoarthritis and sacroiliitis are described and concise information is provided on the clinical history of the rheumatic diseases. The inclusion of a large number of high-resolution images ensures that the atlas will serve as a guide to differentiation between potentially confounding diseases and an aid to early diagnosis, which has become essential with the advent of new treatments in the field of spondyloarthritis (TNF inhibitors). In addition to radiologists, neuroradiologists, rheumatologists, orthopedists and physiatrists will greatly benefit from the contents of this volume and its thorough presentation of the rheumatic diseases.
MRI of Short- and Ultrashort-T2 Tissues: Making the Invisible Visible
by Jiang Du Graeme M. BydderThis book comprehensively covers ultrashort echo time (UTE), zero echo time (ZTE), and other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition techniques for imaging of short and ultrashort-T2 tissues. MRI uses a large magnet and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. The MRI signal is characterized by two time constants, spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) which describes how fast the longitudinal magnetization recovers to its initial value after tipping to the transverse plane, and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) which describes how fast the transverse magnetization decays. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues with relatively long T2s. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as cortical bone, menisci, ligaments, tendons, the osteochondral junction, calcified tissues, lung parenchyma, iron containing tissues, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort-T2s. These tissues are “invisible” with conventional MRI, and their MR and tissue properties are not measurable. UTE and ZTE type sequences resolve these challenges and make these tissues visible and quantifiable.This book first introduces the basic physics of conventional MRI as well as UTE and ZTE type MRI, including radiofrequency excitation, data acquisition, and image reconstruction. A series of contrast mechanisms are then introduced and these provide high resolution, high contrast imaging of short and ultrashort-T2 tissues. A series of quantitative UTE imaging techniques are described for measurement of MR tissue properties (proton density, T1, T2, T2*, T1p,magnetization transfer, susceptibility, perfusion and diffusion). Finally, clinical applications in the musculoskeletal, neurological, pulmonary and cardiovascular systems are described.This is an ideal guide for physicists and radiologists interested in learning more about the use of UTE and ZTE type techniques for MRI of short and ultrashort-T2 tissues.
MRI of the Body
by Herbert Y. KresselAs with the introduction of x -ray computed tomography, much of the initial development of magnetic resonance applications tended to focus on the central nervous system. The development of magnetic resonance imaging applications to other organ systems such as the chest, abdomen, pelvis and extremities has lagged somewhat behind, awaiting technical improvements, and a broader user base. The past two years have seen a marked increase in imaging applications throughout the body, most notably the musculoskeletal system. It is in this regard, that MRI of the Body is a welcome arrival as a text which describes both basic principles of magnetic resonance ima ging and surveys the current status of magnetic resonance imaging applications throughout the body. The volume is concise, focused, clinically oriented, and abun dantly illustrated. In each organ system, the appropriate technical approach is discussed, the normal anatomic features are reviewed, and the range of pathologic appearances which may be encountered are described. The authors of the chapters provide a balanced overview of MR applications and describe both present limitations and future potential of magnetic resonance imaging applications in the organ system described.
MRI of the Brain, Head, Neck and Spine: A teaching atlas of clinical applications (Series in Radiology #14)
by Jaap ValkWith the growing number of MR installations, clinicians and radiologist are being confronted more and more with visual information they do not feel as confident with as with the more 'mono-form' infor mation of conventional radiographs, CT and US. The freedom of parameter choice ofthe MR operator allows the same object to be depicted in various ways and the contrast in the images to be changed and inverted at will. For those not experienced in interpreting MR images, this may cause confusion and uncertainty about their diagnostic content. This will sometimes lead to an unnecessary retreat to other diagnostic modalities. The purpose of this book is to help close the gap between MR operators and readers and clinicians. A variety of cases is presented, together with the MRI considerations. In nearly all these cases, confirma tion of diagnosis was obtained by histological examination. Quite deliberately, this book only includes the occasional CT scan or angiography for comparison, to avoid the temptation of falling back on other modalities and of escaping from the often more difficult to interpret, but in the end more rewarding MR images. All the MR images in this book were made with a 'first-generation', unsophisticated Teslacon I, 0.6 T, superconducting magnet system. Hopefully, they will reflect the quality of the machine. Some people will agree with me that it is sad that investments in expensive health care systems are subject to the whims of those who are mainly interested in satisfying their stockholders.
MRI of the Central Nervous System: A Pathology Atlas
by M. Kurisaka A. Moriki A. SawadaIn the past, CT was the first choice among diagnostic measures for neurological diseases, and MRI was con- sidered to be a supplementary test. However, with the introduction of an ever increasing number of devices, MRI is being used routinely, and it is possible that eventually CT will become supplementary to MRI. This guide to the practical use of MRI has been compiled bearing these considerations in mind. Minimal working knowledge of the simple operations - that does not require details about the technical production of television images - is all that is required in order to obtain information from the views. Thus, even if a clinician is not thoroughly familiar with the theories of MRI, he can use it as efficiently as he does the CT scan. In this book, the theoretical aspects of the principles of MRI are deliberately simplified and the text can be used solely as an atlas. In the introduction, useful general features of MRI interpretation are described and itemized, and major diseases of the central nervous system are presented.
MRI of the Female and Male Pelvis
by Riccardo Manfredi Roberto Pozzi MucelliBased on the experience of two Italian referral centers, the book depicts the characteristic findings obtained when using MR imaging to study the male and female pelvis including the obstetric applications. Each chapter provides a comprehensive account of the use of the imaging technique of examination, including the most recent advances in MR imaging, the anatomy and MR possibilities in the identification, characterization and staging of the different pelvic diseases highlighting its diagnostic possibilities. The advances in fetal MRI, representing the cutting edge of pelvic MR imaging, will also be depicted. The text is complemented by numerous illustrations, as well as clinical cases that make this a very practice-oriented work, presenting the role of diagnostic imaging in every-day clinical activity. The volume will prove an invaluable guide for both residents and professionals with core interest in gynecology, obstetrics and urology.
MRI of the Fetal Brain: Normal Development and Cerebral Pathologies
by C. GarelIn recent years, Fetal MR has grown continually in importance, and the brain has become the main focus of investigation. However, we lack established standards and a good knowledge of the normal MR appearance. To fill this gap is the purpose of the first part of this book, which is an MR atlas of the cerebral development of the fetus. The second part is dedicated to cerebral pathologies. It includes, for each condition, a summary of the fundamental data, the imaging findings (US and MR) in correlation with neurofetopathology and/or postnatal imaging, and a brief perspective of the prognosis.
MRI of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Medical Radiology)
by J. StokerMRI has become an important tool in the management of patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as rectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. This book, written by distinguished experts in the field, discusses in detail the technical, practical, and clinical aspects of MRI of the gastrointestinal tract. The chapters on technique encompass the most recent developments and address such topics as contrast media, high field strength MRI, and perfusion MRI. Subsequently, individual chapters are devoted to the clinical applications of MRI in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Both established applications and new frontiers are considered, with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. By combining chapters dedicated to technical aspects and clinically oriented chapters, this book will prove very instructive for the novice while simultaneously offering experienced practitioners further insights into the value of MRI of the gastrointestinal tract.
MRI of the Head and Neck: Functional Anatomy — Clinical Findings — Pathology — Imaging
by Thomas J. VoglSince the establishment of magnetic resonance imaging the clinical diagnostic of the head and neck has improved substantially and, therefore, in many cases this technique is used in the first place of radiological diagnosis. The feasibility of non-invasive MR angiography and 3-dimensional reconstruction has enlarged the indication field of MRI. This book presents the meaning of this imaging technique for the diagnosis of diseases in head and neck. Excellent figures show the technicaland diagnostical possibilities of this method, the advantages and limitations of which are explained as well. A comprehensive diagnostic strategy for each diagnostic region is presented. This book is disigned for the use of especially radiologists, ENT specialists and surgeins.
MRI of the Heart and Vessels
by Massimo Lombardi Carlo BartolozziIn recent years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enriched the technological potential available for the characterization of cardiovascular pathologies, adding substantial advantages to other non-invasive techniques. This technique, which is intrinsically digital and has reduced operator dependency, allows the performance of image analysis in a quantitative and reproducible manner. The use of non-ionizing energy with the consequent absence of an environmental impact and of operator and patient biohazards makes MRI a winning technique when evaluating the risk – benefit ratio in comparison to other imaging methods. In virtue of its added diagnostic value and inherent refinements that allow construction of two- and three-dimensional images, MRI is gaining a primary role in the histopathological and physiopathological understanding of a large number of pathologies concerning the heart and vessels. This text is addressed both to MRI operators seeking specific technical information and to clinicians who wish to have a better understanding of the diagnostic and management advantages that MRI can offer.
MRI of the Knee: A Guide to Evaluation and Reporting
by Nicolae V. Bolog Gustav Andreisek Erika J. UlbrichThis book is divided into chapters that cover MRI of all structures of the knee joint in the order that is usually used in practice – cruciate ligaments, collateral ligaments, menisci, cartilage, subchondral bone, patella, synovia, muscles and tendons, arteries, veins and bones. With the aid of numerous images, each chapter provides comprehensive descriptions of the anatomy, the normal MR appearance, pathological MR findings, and postoperative MRI appearance. A text box at the end of each chapter clearly describes how the MRI report should be compiled and identifies what should be included when reporting on specific lesions. The book will be an ideal guide for radiologists and will also be relevant for orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists, and physiotherapists.
MRI of the Liver: Imaging Techniques, Contrast Enhancement, Differential Diagnosis
by D. R. Martin L. Olivetti A. Luca M. Kirchin A. Massmann R. Seidel L. Romanini P. Fries M. P. Bondioni K. Altmeyer M. Harisinghani R. V. D'Souza D. SahaniDue to the latest developments in magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of liver pathology, a second, completely revised and enlarged edition of this book was felt necessary – despite only three years having elapsed since the first edition. All chapters from the first edition have been revised and enriched with additional illustrations and information. New chapters have been added covering important and highly relevant topics, among which imaging of pseudolesions, imaging of neoplastic diseases in pediatric subjects, imaging of bile ducts, MR angiography and imaging pre and post liver transplantation. Particular attention has been paid to the differential use of contrast agents with emphasis placed on the authors’ broad experience of MR imaging of focal liver lesions using different contrast agents. The diverse mechanisms of action of all MR contrast agents applicable for liver imaging are explained in detail and comparative examples are provided. As was the case with the first edition, this book will prove invaluable to radiologists wishing to further expand or consolidate their routine approach to MR imaging of the liver.
MRI of the Liver: Imaging Techniques Contrast Enhancement Differential Diagnosis
by D. R. Martin L. Olivetti A. Luca M. Kirchin A. Massmann R. Seidel L. Romanini P. Fries P. Caccia M. P. Bondioni K. Altmeyer M. Harisinghani R. V. D'Souza D. SahaniRecent technological developments have broadened considerably the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of liver pathology. Today, MR imaging is not looked upon merely as a problem-solving technique but is widely considered the principal imaging modality for both the detection and accurate diagnosis of focal and diffuse liver disease. Advances in hardware and sequence design and the advent of novel contrast agents with liver-specific properties have contributed towards making MRI of the liver a routine clinical application. Compared with previous publications on the application of MRI to study the liver, this book stands out in at least three major respects: - It presents in a clear and concise manner the current approaches to routine MRI of the liver, taking account of the hardware and software currently available from the major manufacturers and proposing imaging protocols for each. - A vast number of illustrations describe the pathologic and radiological correlations of the principal focal and diffuse liver diseases. - It presents a practical rationale for the use of contrast agents with liver-specific properties. This book will prove invaluable to radiologists wishing to expand or consolidate their routine approach to MR imaging of the liver.
MRI of the Liver: A Practical Guide
by Philip J. Robinson Janice WardWith 2300 radiological images dispersed throughout the text, this source provides an expansive armamentarium of case studies and examples showcasing both common and uncommon liver pathologies. Serving as an unparalleled how-to source for the investigation of liver disease by MRI, this guide demonstrates key MRI techniques currently utilized in clin
MRI of the Lung (Medical Radiology)
by Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Albert L. BaertDuring the past decade significant developments have been achieved in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling MRI to enter the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols can now be implemented on up-to-date scanners, allowing MRI to be used as a first-line imaging modality for various lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and even lung cancer. The diagnostic benefits stem from the ability of MRI to visualize changes in lung structure while simultaneously imaging different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function can be obtained. This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on benign diseases requiring regular monitoring, given that it is patients with these diseases who derive the greatest benefit from the avoidance of ionizing radiation.
MRI of the Lung (Medical Radiology)
by Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Mark Oliver WielpützThis book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for the imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on routine applications and the clinical impact of MRI in each setting. In addition, current technological developments are reviewed and information presented on dedicated applications of MRI in preclinical and translational research, clinical trials, and specialized institutions.During the past two decades, significant advances in the technology have enabled MRI to enter and mature in the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols are now readily available on MR scanners, and MRI is recommended as the first- or second-line imaging modality for a variety of lung diseases, not limited to cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. The benefits and added value of MRI originate from its ability to both visualize lung structure and provide information on different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation, and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function and therapy control (imaging biomarkers) are generated. The second edition of MRI of the Lung has been fully updated to take account of recent advances. It is written by an internationally balanced team of renowned authors representing all major groups in the field.
MRI of the Pituitary Gland
by Jean-François Bonneville Fabrice Bonneville Françoise Cattin Sonia NagiThis clinically oriented book will familiarize the reader with all aspects of the diagnosis of tumors and other disorders of the pituitary gland by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The coverage includes acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, Rathke cleft cysts, prolactinomas, incidentalomas, nonsecreting adenomas, other lesions of the sellar area, hypophysitis, and central diabetes insipidus. Normal radiologic anatomy and the numerous normal variants are described, and guidance is also provided on difficulties, artifacts, and other pitfalls. The book combines concise text and high-quality images with a question and answer format geared toward the needs of the practitioner. MRI is today considered the cornerstone in the diagnosis of diseases of the hypophyseal-hypothalamic region but the relatively small size of the pituitary gland, its deep location, the many normal anatomic variants, and the often tiny size of lesions can hinder precise evaluation of the anatomic structures and particularly the pituitary gland itself. Radiologists and endocrinologists will find MRI of the Pituitary Gland to be full of helpful information on this essential examination, and the book will also be of interest to internists and neurosurgeons.
MRI of the Rheumatic Spine: A Case-Based Atlas
by Alfredo Tarantino Paola D'AprileInflammatory pathology of the spine is an underestimated, but widespread condition among the population. This atlas shares essential information and case studies on key aspects of MRI for rheumatic inflammatory lesions of the osteoarticular structures of the spine, offering radiologists and clinicians a valuable guide to the management of patients with inflammatory back pain. In particular, this richly illustrated and comprehensive case-based atlas documents the MR findings observed in seronegative spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine, providing guidelines on selecting the appropriate imaging protocol.The book is divided into two main parts, the first of which describes the general, clinical and radiological aspects of both spondyloarthritis and, as a new entry in the second edition, rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. The second part then presents cases of spondylitis; discitis; facet joint and costovertebral osteoarthritis; sacroiliitis and rheumatoid arthritis of the atlanto-axial joint, including concise clinical and radiological information and a wealth of high-resolution images.The idea for a second edition of this book stemmed, on the one hand, from the global response to the first edition, and on the other, from a desire to expand the content to include wider illustrations and to address the clinically and socially relevant topic of the inflammatory pathology of the spine in more depth. The second edition offers a comprehensive guide to MRI of inflammatory diseases of the spine, facilitating an early diagnosis, which has become essential with the advent of new effective but expensive treatments with TNF inhibitors. Thanks to its “case-based” structure, the book offers an easy-to-use but thorough handbook for radiologists, neuroradiologists, rheumatologists, orthopedists and physiatrists, as well as students.
MRI of the Spine: A Guide for Orthopedic Surgeons
by William B. Morrison John A. Carrino Adam E. FlandersUtilizing plentiful radiological images to illustrate each topic, this text is a comprehensive and descriptive review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation for the spine, emphasizing standardized nomenclature and grading schemes. The book begins with current MR imaging protocols, including indication, sequencing and advanced imaging techniques, and a review of the relevant anatomy of the spine and its anomalies. Subsequent chapters encompass topics of trauma, degenerative disease, infection, inflammatory disease, as well as neoplastic and metabolic disease. Spinal cord and dural lesions will also be presented, with additional chapters dedicated to MRI evaluation of the post-operative patient. The format is reader-friendly, utilizing an efficient presentation of the essential principles and important findings on MR images of the spine, with a wealth of high-quality figures, graphics and tables for differential diagnosis as well as tips and tricks from experts in the field. Presenting the most up-to-date protocols and suggested interpretations, MRI of the Spine will be a solid reference for orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine specialists, neurosurgeons, radiologists and all clinicians and support staff caring for the spine.