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mRNA Vaccines (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #440)
by Dong Yu Benjamin PetschThe formulation and the technological advancements in RNA biology, chemistry, stability, and encapsulated delivery systems that have enabled the development of fully synthetic mRNA vaccines are discussed in this volume. The applications of the mRNA technology is covered, focusing on infectious diseases but also touching on other indications, such as immunotherapies and molecular therapies. Potent and long-lasting immune responses observed in animal models, encouraging data from early human clinical studies, together with the success of two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines support the use of mRNA-based vaccination as an attractive alternative to conventional vaccine approaches. Consequently, the development progress of the technology, particularly on production, capabilities, and clinical development is reviewed. Topics on safety, regulatory issues, and possible challenges to the mRNA vaccination approach round off this book. Thanks to their high potency, the prospect for generic, low-cost manufacturing processes, and entirely synthetic nature, the future for mRNA vaccines is highly promising. Importantly, mRNA vaccines have the potential to minimize the time between pathogen identification and vaccine release with a huge impact on public health. As the mRNA-based vaccination technology has been progressing rapidly, the book is intended to be an end-to-end review series, covering everything from basic RNA biology and preclinical studies to the manufacturing strategy, clinical development and regulatory approval. It provides established RNA researchers and developers with updates on the latest advancements in the field and allows for a quick but comprehensive overview of this transformative technology, its application, and future potential.
Mrs Winterbottom Takes a Gap Year: The brand new feel-good read from the author of THE SINGLE LADIES OF JACARANDA RETIREMENT VILLAGE
by Joanna NellIt's never too late for the adventure of a lifetime . . .Heather Winterbottom has worked side by side with her husband as GPs in their idyllic rural practice for over forty years. But as the time comes to hang up their stethoscopes, the Winterbottoms discover that they have rather different visions of retirement . . . Heather dreams of exploring the Greek Islands, of escaping the shackles of her routine life and embracing an exciting new adventure. Alan dreams of growing his own vegetables.When things come to a head at a family lunch, Heather announces that she has decided to take a year off. From her old life, from her marriage - from Alan. Alone in beautiful Greece, Heather embarks on her very own odyssey - complete with peak experiences, pitfalls and temptations. But what if coming home is the biggest adventure yet? ***Praise for Joanna Nell's uplifting and heartwarming novels:'Takes readers on a sweet journey. A warm-hearted read from Nell, who tells engaging stories with older protagonists' The Australian'Tender and funny' Woman's Weekly'Whip-smart dialogue, humour and sarcasm . . . highly addictive' Sun Herald'The Tea Ladies is a delight. Warm characters and observations and great pace' AMANDA HAMPSON'Another funny, warm-hearted read' Herald Sun'Lively and whimsical' Sydney Morning Herald
MRSA
by John WeigeltResponding to the growing concern about the increased frequency and resistance of MRSA infections, this invaluable source analyzes the latest developments in the identification, assessment, and management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by leading authorities on the topic.
MRT-Atlas: Orthopädie und Neurochirurgie. Wirbelsäule
by Martin Weyreuther Christoph E. Heyde Michael Westphal Jan Zierski Ulrich WeberDas vorliegende Buch ist ein in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit zwischen Radiologen, Orthopäden, Unfallchirurgen und Neurochirurgen erstellter klinisch orientierter MRT-Bildatlas. Wesentliche Erkrankungen und Verletzungen der Wirbelsäule werden dargestellt. Neben einem umfangreichen Bildmaterial werden Hinweise zur Anatomie und Pathophysiologie, zu den MRT-Zeichen physiologischer und pathologischer Befunde, zu diagnostischen Fallstricken und zur klinischen Wertigkeit der Befunde gegeben. Durch die gleichzeitige Darstellung von Klinik und MRT-Diagnostik soll das Einarbeiten in eine eigenständige Bildbeurteilung der Wirbelsäule erleichtert werden. Die Grundlagen sind übersichtlich und prägnant zum Verständnis von Anatomie und Pathologie präsentiert, Diagnostik und operative Maßnahmen werden diadaktisch geschickt aufbereitet.
MRT-Atlas Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie: Kniegelenk
by Peter Teller Hermann König Ulrich Weber Peter HertelDer interdisziplinäre Atlas beschreibt die wesentlichen Erkrankungen und Verletzungen des Kniegelenkes - mit einer umfassenden Bildauswahl jedes einzelnen Gelenkabschnitts - von Normalbefund bis Erkrankungsvollbild. - mit ausführlichen Hinweisen auf diagnostische Fallstricke, Stadieneinteilungen bzw. therapeutische Konsequenzen. Effizient lernen, rasch nachschlagen: - Differenzierung der Bildinformation - Sichere Abklärung strittiger Befunde
MRT-basierte Chirurgie des Rektumkarzinoms
by Martin E. Kreis Patrick AsbachIn systematischer Form und mit umfangreichem Bildmaterial führt dieses Buch in die Anwendung der MRT-Bildgebung in der Behandlung des Rektumkarzinoms ein. Chirurgen und Radiologen finden Antworten auf ihre wechselseitigen Fragen: Welche therapeutischen Schlüsse lassen sich aus den MRT-Befunden ableiten? Welche Informationen benötigen die Chirurgen bei der Planung des operativen Eingriffs? Welche Fragen kann der MRT-Befund beantworten und welche nicht? Die enge Kooperation beginnt beim Staging und reicht bis zur Therapieplanung beim Rezidiv des Rektumkarzinoms. Der konsequente Einsatz der MRT-Bildgebung erleichtert die differenzierte, auf den Patienten zugeschnittene Therapiewahl und wird das therapeutische Vorgehen beim Primär- und Rezidiveingriff revolutionieren.
MRT der Gelenke und der Wirbelsäule: Radiologisch-orthopädische Diagnostik
by H.-K. BeyerDie vielf?tigen M?lichkeiten der kernspintomographischen Diagnostik mit praxisbezogener Darstellung der Anatomie, Pathologie, der Indikationen und Einstellungstechniken.
MRT des Herzens und der Gefäße: Indikationen - Strategien - Abläufe - Ergebnisse
by B. Schulte A. Boldt D. BeyerDie kardiovaskuläre Magnetresonanztomographie hat nach 20 Jahren Entwicklungszeit heute ihr volles diagnostisches Potential erreicht. Die neuen Softwareentwicklungen sowie modernste High-End-MR-Tomographen erlauben erstmals umfassende Einblicke in Morphologie, Funktion, Perfusion und Vitalität des kardiovaskulären Systems. Dieses Buch bietet Anfängern und auch erfahrenen Anwendern eine ausführliche Darstellung der Grundlagen, Entscheidungsstrategien, Untersuchungsabläufe und Ergebnisse der kardiovaskulären MRT. Der erste Teil des Buches behandelt die für gezielte Untersuchungen des kardiovaskulären Systems relevanten Untersuchungs-"Tools". Im zweiten Teil werden, ausgehend von klinischen Fragestellungen, die einzelnen Untersuchungsschritte mit Diagrammen und an den konkreten klinischen Symptomen orientierten Flussschemata dargestellt. Das Buch wird ergänzt durch eine CD-ROM mit zusätzlichem Bildmaterial und Videosequenzen.
MSCs and Innovative Biomaterials in Dentistry (Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine)
by Marco TatulloThis authoritative reference presents the modern concepts of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomaterials as they pertain to the dental field. The book is organized around three main topics: MSCs biology, advanced biomaterials, and clinical applications. The chapters present basic information on stem cell biology and physiology, modern biomaterials that improve bone tissue regeneration, the biomatrices like platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) used to functionalize the biomaterials surface, the strategic and safe intraoral seats of harvesting, the new sources for MSCs, as well as the future perspectives and new challenges in these exciting fields. The contributors are top scientists with a great deal of experience in regenerative dentistry and biomedical research. They offer an international perspective and are richly cross-disciplinary, representing academia, research, and industry. MSCs and Innovative Biomaterials in Dentistry is indispensable reading for students, researchers, and clinicians who need to stay up-to-date on the cutting-edge developments of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applied to dental sciences.
mTOR Inhibition for Cancer Therapy: Past, Present and Future
by Monica Mita Alain Mita Eric K. RowinskyThis book describes the challenges involved in developing mTOR inhibitors for cancer treatment, starting with an in-depth examination of their molecular mechanism of action, with emphasis on the class side-effects, efficacy and mechanisms of resistance, as well as on promising novel directions for their development, including novel compounds and rational combinations with other anti-neoplastic drugs. Over the last 10 years, inhibitors of mTOR have emerged as a major class of anticancer drugs. Two rapamycin analogs are currently approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, and it is estimated that a variety of other tumor types could benefit from mTOR inhibition, with numerous clinical trials (including pivotal registration trials) already underway. Second-generation small-molecule inhibitors of the pathway have also shown promise in terms of their superior tolerability and efficacy and are undergoing extensive clinical evaluation, with an estimated 30+ compounds currently under evaluation.
mTOR Pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (Cancer Drug Discovery and Development)
by Vitaly A. Polunovsky Peter J. HoughtonThe main objective of this book is to provide an up-to-date survey of the rapidly advancing eld of cancer therapy. Moreover, since our knowledge in this area rapidly evolves, some data have got obsolete during the process of book editing. Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cancer genesis and progression underwent unprecedented expansion during the last decade, opening a new era of cancer treatment – targeted therapy. The surge in this area results in no small part from studies conducted jointly by basic health scientists and clinical investigators. It is our hope that this book will help foster even further collaboration between investigators in these two disciplines. The target of rapamycin (TOR) was rst identi ed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequently in mammals (mTOR) as a conserved atypical serine/threonine kinase. In mammalian cells, mTOR exists in at least two multi-protein complexes that have critical roles in regulating cellular homeostasis and survival. As with many other areas of science, discovery of TOR signaling was fortuitous. Rapamycin was isolated as a product of the soil bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus, identi ed in a soil sample taken from the island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Rapamycin was rst discovered to be a potent antifungal agent and next as an immune suppressive drug. It was only later that it was found to be active as an antitumor agent in non-clinical models; although it was not developed for this indication. The history of rapamycin presents one of the rst examples of chemical genetics.
Mucins: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2763)
by Akihiko KameyamaThis volume explores the latest advancements in mucin research. The chapters in this book are organized into 8 parts and cover a wide range of topics such as mucin extraction, isolation, physicochemical property analysis, and experimental methods. The chapters also discuss the origins of mucins in jellyfish, feces, saliva and salivary glands, bronchi, stomach, and cervical tract; organic synthesis of peptides glycosylated at specific sites; analysis of mucin gene expression and methylation-specific electrophoresis of genes; imaging of mucin networks by AFM; and experimental methods using supported molecular matrix electrophoresis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Mucins: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers who want to obtain in-depth insight on how to more thoroughly conduct mucin research in their laboratories.
Mucocutaneous Manifestations of HIV/AIDS: Early Diagnostic Clues
by Li He Yu-Ye Li Kun-Hua WangThis book introduces a number of HIV/AIDS cases with mucocutaneous lesions. HIV/AIDS can manifest a variety of skin lesions due to immunological disorder, opportunistic infections and tumors always occur primarily with skin lesions. The cases included in this book reflect the diseases spectrum and evolution of mucocutaneous lesions at different stages before and after AIDS antiretroviral therapy (ART) as well. This book consists of nine chapters, including fungal, viral, bacterial, parasitic, neoplastic, inflammatory diseases, syphilis and ART-induced diseases, etc. More than 300 cases and 600 photos of representative and important clinical significances are selected, showing the different clinical characteristics of the same disease under different immune status. Clinical photos are combined with clear and concise medical history along with the discussion on it, by which the readers can understand why skin lesions can be used as the early diagnostic clues to HIV/AIDS infection. Moreover, every chapter summarizes the similarity and characteristics of each type of skin diseases, which outlines and explains why they are AIDS-related mucocutaneous lesions.
Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management
by Stephen Tyring Omar Lupi Angela Yen MooreExpertly distinguish viral diseases from other infectious or noninfectious diseases and choose the most effective treatment with this definitive Second Edition.The only existing text to address issues of skin manifestations of viral disease, Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases explores the diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of viral
Mucosal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Biology, Challenges and Strategies
by José Das Neves Bruno SarmentoBiopharmaceutical medicines, the newest class of therapeutics, are quite heterogeneous and include a range of molecules such as proteins, peptides, vaccines and nucleic acids, with use in virtually all therapeutic fields (e.g. cancer and infectious diseases, vaccination, metabolic dysfunctions) and diagnostics. This edited book gives a concise and up-to-date overview of the biological features justifying the use of different human mucosa as delivery routes for biopharmaceuticals, the technological strategies that have been followed so far regarding the optimization of mucosal potentialities as well as the challenges that arise with the advent of new biopharmaceutical drugs and alternative means of administration. Following a brief introduction, the first section addresses general aspects of the biology of mucosal tissues and their unique aspects toward beneficial or deleterious interaction with biopharmaceuticals and their delivery systems. The second part reviews the different delivery strategies that have recently been investigated for different mucosal sites. The third section describes the development and clinical applications of drug delivery systems and products enclosing biopharmaceuticals for mucosal delivery, with a focus on the most successful case studies of recent years. The last section briefly centers on relevant aspects of the regulatory, toxicological and market issues of mucosal delivery of biopharmaceuticals. Scientists and researchers in the fields of drug delivery, material science, biomedical science and bioengineering as well as professionals, regulators and policy makers in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and healthcare industries will find in this book an important compendium of fundamental concepts and practical tools for their daily research and activities.
Mucosal Delivery of Drugs and Biologics in Nanoparticles (AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series #41)
by Pavan Muttil Nitesh K. KundaNanotechnology has revolutionized the approach to designing and developing novel drug delivery systems. The last two decades have seen a great interest in the use of nanotechnology to offer efficient ways of delivering new and existing drugs and macromolecules. The focus of this book is the application of nanotechnology to deliver drugs and biological agents by the mucosal routes of administration i.e. nasal, pulmonary, buccal, and oral routes. It provides an overview of nanotechnology in drug delivery with a description of different types of nanoparticles, methods of preparation and characterization, and functionalization for site-specific drug delivery. The emphasis is on the use of nanoparticles in treating various cancers and infectious diseases. It broadens the use of nanoparticles by including biologics, including vaccines and immunotherapies, apart from drugs and acknowledges the concerns around the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to the host; several chapters will discuss the biodistribution of these nanoparticles when mucosal routes of administration are employed. Further, the interaction of nanoparticles with the host’s immune cells is discussed. Moreover, it reviews the regulatory aspects of nanotechnology in product development, especially when delivered by the mucosal route of administration. Lastly, discusses the challenges and opportunities to manufacture nanoparticles on an industrial scale. This book is the first of its kind to focus on the design, development and delivery of nanoparticles when administered by different mucosal routes.
Mucosal Immune Defense: Immunoglobulin A
by Charlotte S. KaetzelThis key work in the field draws on a broad spectrum of molecular biologic, biochemical, and immunogenetic approaches in combination with human and murine in vitro cell culture and in vivo model systems to address questions in mucosal immunity. Humans produce more immunoglobulin A (IgA) than all other antibody isotypes combined. This book is designed to serve as a concise reference of the present knowledge of the biology of IgA.
The Mucosal Immune System: Proceedings of a Seminar in the EEC Programme of Coordination of Agricultural Research on Protection of the Young Animal against Perinatal Diseases, held at the University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Science, Langford, Nr. Bristol, United Kingdom on September 911, 1980 (Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine #12)
by F. J. BourneThis publication contains the proceedings of a Seminar on 'The Mucosal Immune System' held by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) at the University of Bristol. School of Veterinary Science. Langford. Bristol on September 9th - 11th. 1960. The seminar formed part of the CEC programme of co-ordinated agricultural research on Protection of the Young Animal against Perinatal Disease and was organised by Professor F.J. Bourne and his colleagues Dr. T.J. Newby and Dr. C.R. Stokes. The Proceedings were edited by the organisers assisted by Janssen Services. 33a High Street. Chislehurst. Kent and provide an authoritative and up-to-date account of this rapidly moving research area. Serious economic loss from diseases of mucosal surfaces - particularly the enteric and respiratory tracts - occurs in young farm animals throughout the EEC. Protection against these diseases is based on an understanding of their epidemiology including host defence mechanisms. Mucosal vaccines have in the main given disappointing field results with. however. some notable exceptions. This seminar rationalises methods used to stimulate mucosal immune defence and indicates likely areas for future research and development. The CEC wishes to thank the organisers and the participants who con tributed to the success of the seminar. OPENING SESSION Chairman F.J. Bourne 3 OPENING REMARKS F.J. Bourne On behalf of the University of Bristol and the European Economic Community my colleagues and I welcome you to the Langford Veterinary School.
Mucosal Immunology and Virology
by Stephen K. TyringAn understanding of virus infection and the underlying role of the immune system in protection against these diseases is vital in today’s medical climate. Previously, only symptoms could be treated, as there were no antiviral therapies. The increasing amounts of research and the huge number of discoveries of immunologic agents and pathways has led to the opportunity to look to the basic physiology of the various disease process as never before. This book is designed to provide the clinician with a thorough and yet approachable textbook describing the relationships between immunology, virology and the disease process.
Mucosal Immunology of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia
by Alice PrinceIn contrast to the substantial literature that focuses upon innate immune signaling in the gut, there is remarkably less known about the response of the airway to bacterial pathogens. The purpose of this book will be to review the current status of theunderstanding of the pathogenesis of acute bacterial pneumonia, slanted toward the mucosal immunology of these infections. It will describe, in general, the signaling cascades that control the proinflammatory response to bacterial infection in the lung. How innate immune signaling is orchestrated in response to specific common airway pathogens is addressed, targeting Staphylococus aureus (including MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. By describing the general immunological responses to conserved bacterial components and then detailing how specific organisms cause infection, this book provides a targeted but comprehensive review of this important topic.
Mucosal Vaccines: Modern Concepts, Strategies, and Challenges (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #354)
by Pamela A. KozlowskiThis volume is focused on the development of vaccines which generate immune effectors capable of blocking mucosal entry or peripheral pathogen spread. A critical first step in the design of mucosal vaccines is the selection of administration route. Not all mucosal immunization routes are created equally when it comes to eliciting immune responses in multiple body compartments. This subject and situations when a mucosal route may not be required for vaccine delivery are reviewed here with an emphasis on the sublingual immunization route, which may offer a safer alternative to the nasal route for induction of broadly disseminated immune responses. External host defenses that inhibit entry of microorganisms at mucosal surfaces also pose obstacles to the efficient internalization of mucosally-applied vaccines. Transcutaneous immunization with appropriate adjuvants and permeation enhancers can induce mucosal immune responses and may be advantageous for bypassing these luminal barriers. Other chapters describe strategies for enhancing uptake of mucosal vaccines, for instance through targeted delivery to antigen-sampling M cells, construction of virus-like particles which mimic natural pathogens, addition of mucoadhesives or formulation as nanoparticles. Topics include edible vaccines as well as plant-based production of subunit or particulate vaccines that could be administered by any route. Dry powder vaccines that could be insufflated or directly applied to mucosal surfaces may be particularly ideal for mass vaccination in developing countries. The manufacture, stability and efficacy of powder formulations is comprehensively reviewed. We conclude with chapters on two of the greatest challenges facing mucosal vaccine development: human immunodeficiency virus and bioterrorist agents. This monograph highlights progress and information that should prove invaluable for the development of contemporary vaccines that prevent infection by these and other mucosal pathogens.
Mucus in Health and Disease—II (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #144)
by Eric ChantlerThis second International Symposium on Mucus in Health and Disease once again brings together basic scientists such as Biochemists, Anatomists, Biologists and Clinicians who are dealing with aspects of mucus in the various tracts of the body where it is of such great functional importance. It is fitting that the meeting should take place at Manchester University where there is so much activity in this field and our grateful thanks are due to Or Eric Chantler for his untiring efforts in organising this meeting. At the first Mucus meeting, Sir Francis Avery Jones stated "this is a subject which will justify further Symposia, both local and international". As he predicted, this meeting succeeds the first and adds further to our progress in understanding the complex and unique structure and function of the mucus secretion in its various sites of the body. Much was learned from the first meeting and it is hoped that the second will be an appropriate successor to it. The emphasis in this meeting has been to encourage discussion and the presentation of research material. In this respect, review articles have been kept to a minimum. The structure of the Conference has been organised around eight keynote addresses: one on the biosyn thesis of the general mucus glycoproteins and another on its physical properties. Other keynote papers are on the biochemical and clinical aspects of mucus in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts by recognised authorities in these subjects.
Mud, Salt and Medicine: Essential Oil Blends and Recipes for Natural Healing
by Julia LawlessAn in-depth guide from an international authority on essential oils offers easy-to-follow recipes for diffusers, body scrubs and lotions, massage oils, skincare remedies, beauty treatments and first aid.With knowledge and expertise built on a three generations of specialist aromatherapists, the book is a modern classic in the field, bridging historical traditions in plant medicine with modern science and ecological concerns. Part One introduces the historical background, traditions and uses of essential oils. Part Two forms the largest part of the book at two-thirds, containing recipes, blends and treatments for a variety of concerns, emotional, physical, medical and spiritual. Part Three offers in-depth directories of essential oils, herbs and other plant products, clays, salts and other essential ingredients, along with their properties and benefits.
Mueller-Matrix Tomography of Biological Tissues and Fluids: Digital Image Processing and Analysis Techniques (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Zhengbing Hu Yuriy A. Ushenko Iryna V. Soltys Oleksandr V. Dubolazov M. P. Gorsky Oleksandr V. Olar Liliya Yu. TrifonyukThis book presents experimental investigations and digital image processing, highlighting the interaction of polarized radiation with phase-inhomogeneous and optically anisotropic biological layers. The promising and efficient use of vector-parametric description of the formation of polarization-inhomogeneous object fields is noted. Applications of a set of Mueller-matrix polarimetry methods are highlighted. The book includes- structural and logical scheme of multi-parameter (singular, interference and layer-by-layer Stokes-polarimetric), polarization-correlation study of the structure of distributions of the number of singularities, maps of local contrast of interference distributions and layer-by-layer maps of microscopic polarization azimuth and ellipticity; determination of relationships between changes in the magnitude of statistical parameters characterizing polarization-correlation distributions and pathology of prostate tumors.
Muir's Textbook of Pathology (PDF)
by C. Simon HerringtonThis classic text sets a standard in this subject by outlining the scientific aspects that underlie pathological processes, relating these to specific organ systems and placing all in a context that the student of medicine or pathology can appreciate, understand and enjoy. The clearly defined and easy-to-follow structure, enhanced by numerous photographs and explanatory line diagrams, focuses on core material without neglecting novel concepts and up-to-the minute detail. A one-stop-shop in pathology, it reflects fully the integration of pathology into clinical teaching whether system or problem-based, and will take the student right through medical school and beyond to postgraduate training.