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Social Science Goes to War: The Human Terrain System in Iraq and Afghanistan
The Human Terrain System (HTS) was catapulted into existence in 2006 by the US military's urgent need for knowledge of the human dimension of the battlespace in Iraq and Afghanistan. Its centrepiece was embedded groups of mixed military and civilian personnel, known as Human Terrain Teams (HTTs), whose mission was to conduct social science research and analysis and to advise military commanders about the local population. Bringing social science - and actual social scientists - to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan was bold and challenging. Despite the controversy over HTS among scholars, there is little good, reliable source material written by those with experience of HTS or about the actual work carried out by teams in theatre. This volume goes beyond the anecdotes, snippets and blogs to provide a comprehensive, objective and detailed view of HTS. The contributors put the program in historical context, discuss the obstacles it faced, analyse its successes, and detail the work of the teams downrange. Most importantly, they capture some of the diverse lived experience of HTS scholars and practitioners drawn from an eclectic array of the social sciences.
The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: A History of the Italian Insurgency against the Roman Republic
by Christopher J. DartThe Social War was a significant uprising against the Roman state by Rome’s allies in Italy. The conflict lasted little more than two and a half years but it is widely recognised as having been immensely important in the unification of Roman Italy. Between 91 and 88 BCE a brutal campaign was waged but the ancient sources preserve scant information about the war. In turn, this has given rise to conflicting accounts of the war in modern scholarship and often contradictory interpretations. This book provides a new and comprehensive reassessment of the events surrounding the Social War, analysing both the long-term and the immediate context of the conflict and its causes. Critical to this study is discussion of the nexus of citizenship, political rights and land which dominated much of second century BCE politics. It provides a new chronological reconstruction of the conflict itself and analyses the strategies of both the Romans and the Italian insurgents. The work also assesses the repercussions of the Social War, investigating the legacy of the insurgency during the civil wars, and considers its role in reshaping Roman and Italian identity on the peninsula in the last decades of the Republic.
The Social War, 91 to 88 BCE: A History of the Italian Insurgency against the Roman Republic
by Christopher J. DartThe Social War was a significant uprising against the Roman state by Rome’s allies in Italy. The conflict lasted little more than two and a half years but it is widely recognised as having been immensely important in the unification of Roman Italy. Between 91 and 88 BCE a brutal campaign was waged but the ancient sources preserve scant information about the war. In turn, this has given rise to conflicting accounts of the war in modern scholarship and often contradictory interpretations. This book provides a new and comprehensive reassessment of the events surrounding the Social War, analysing both the long-term and the immediate context of the conflict and its causes. Critical to this study is discussion of the nexus of citizenship, political rights and land which dominated much of second century BCE politics. It provides a new chronological reconstruction of the conflict itself and analyses the strategies of both the Romans and the Italian insurgents. The work also assesses the repercussions of the Social War, investigating the legacy of the insurgency during the civil wars, and considers its role in reshaping Roman and Italian identity on the peninsula in the last decades of the Republic.
Socialism and the Challenge of War: Ideas and Politics in Britain, 1912-18 (Routledge Library Editions: The First World War)
by Jay M. WinterThe First World War marks a crucial period in the history of the socialist wing of the British labour movement. This book is an account of the development of the political ideas and activities of some of the most influential British socialist thinkers of that time: Beatrice and Sidney Webb, R. H. Tawney and G. D. H. Cole. The first part of the book examines the state of the Labour movement and of socialist ideas on the eve of the conflict, then turns to the central question of the impact of the War on the dissemination of British socialist ideas.
Socialism and the Challenge of War: Ideas and Politics in Britain, 1912-18 (Routledge Library Editions: The First World War)
by Jay M. WinterThe First World War marks a crucial period in the history of the socialist wing of the British labour movement. This book is an account of the development of the political ideas and activities of some of the most influential British socialist thinkers of that time: Beatrice and Sidney Webb, R. H. Tawney and G. D. H. Cole. The first part of the book examines the state of the Labour movement and of socialist ideas on the eve of the conflict, then turns to the central question of the impact of the War on the dissemination of British socialist ideas.
Socialist Reformers and the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic
by Dietrich OrlowSocialist Reformers and the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic explores a neglected aspect of the collapse of Communism in the former East Germany. It focuses on the East Germans' enthusiastic support for re-unification and the transfer of West Germany's political and economic institutions to the East, ignoring those in the German Democratic Republic who wanted to 'reform' socialism within, not destroy it. Their aim was to preserve an independent German Democratic Republic that would pursue an alternative 'third way' between Western capitalism and Stalinist repression. Their vision was a 'better, more beautiful' socialism instead of the 'push and shove society' that they associated with Western capitalism. In their view the 'better, more beautiful' socialism would combine the Western ideals of individual freedom with Marxist concept of collective decision-making and shared wealth. The reformers failed, of course, but their ideas and activities in the fall of 1989 are an essential part of the story that led to present-day Germany.
Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution (Studies In Russia And East Europe Ser.)
by R. ServiceThe Russian Revolution of 1917 was an event of the greatest importance, but the social groups which were crucial to its development and outcome have been little written about. This book brings together a number of prominent British researchers whose work focusses on the connections among politics, social aspirations and economics, and offers new insights into the reasons why, only months after the last tsar fell from power in February 1917, it was the Bolsheviks who seized control and established a communist regime.
A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War: Constraining Carnage (Emerald Advances in Historical Criminology)
by Christopher W. MullinsSince the Second World War, international laws governing the conduct of war and the behaviour of soldiers on the field of battle have been of strong academic and legal interest. Yet while they have seen their strongest articulation and enforcement in the contemporary era, rules governing such conduct are deeply rooted in human history. Beginning with the origins of organized warfare in the ancient world, A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War: Constraining Carnage traces key structural and cultural changes through multiple historical contexts, highlighting various approaches to the nature and purpose of war, as well as the roles of both bystanders and participants. Where other scholarship has focused on the legality of war itself, Christopher W. Mullins concentrates on rules surrounding the behaviour of soldiers and commanders in the field while also demonstrating how these issues have transformed over time. Rooted in critical historical documents from the Tudors to the American Revolution, this rich history, the first of two volumes, provides a cogent understanding of how the current historical moment has developed, as well as of the potential paths that lie ahead.
A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War: Constraining Carnage (Emerald Advances in Historical Criminology)
by Christopher W. MullinsSince the Second World War, international laws governing the conduct of war and the behaviour of soldiers on the field of battle have been of strong academic and legal interest. Yet while they have seen their strongest articulation and enforcement in the contemporary era, rules governing such conduct are deeply rooted in human history. Beginning with the origins of organized warfare in the ancient world, A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War: Constraining Carnage traces key structural and cultural changes through multiple historical contexts, highlighting various approaches to the nature and purpose of war, as well as the roles of both bystanders and participants. Where other scholarship has focused on the legality of war itself, Christopher W. Mullins concentrates on rules surrounding the behaviour of soldiers and commanders in the field while also demonstrating how these issues have transformed over time. Rooted in critical historical documents from the Tudors to the American Revolution, this rich history, the first of two volumes, provides a cogent understanding of how the current historical moment has developed, as well as of the potential paths that lie ahead.
A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War: The Birth of International Humanitarian Law (Emerald Advances in Historical Criminology)
by Christopher W. MullinsInternational laws governing the conduct of war and the behaviour of soldiers on the field of battle is a topic of strong academic and legal interest. Moving beyond contemporary work on the laws of war that is legalistic in nature, A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War demonstrates how the content and application of these laws are driven as much by cultural worldview and normative practice, as by legal principle. Tying the story of the development of the laws of war to key structural and cultural changes occurring within the societies that develop and adopt such behavioural proscriptions, this history, the second of two volumes, examines the emergence of international law and legal orders whereby warfare and its conduct begin moving out of the realm of cultural norms and into a quasi-legal space, where specific principles of international law in general, and laws of war in particular, become more precisely articulated, formalized, and codified. Examining the evolution and multiplication of laws constraining how warfare is waged from the founding of the United Nations and the formalized creation of the Geneva Conventions to the contemporary era, the utilization of ad hoc tribunals in the post-war period, and the establishment of the International Criminal Court in the early 21st century, Mullins provides a cogent understanding of how this historical moment developed and what paths potential lie ahead.
A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War: The Birth of International Humanitarian Law (Emerald Advances in Historical Criminology)
by Christopher W. MullinsInternational laws governing the conduct of war and the behaviour of soldiers on the field of battle is a topic of strong academic and legal interest. Moving beyond contemporary work on the laws of war that is legalistic in nature, A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War demonstrates how the content and application of these laws are driven as much by cultural worldview and normative practice, as by legal principle. Tying the story of the development of the laws of war to key structural and cultural changes occurring within the societies that develop and adopt such behavioural proscriptions, this history, the second of two volumes, examines the emergence of international law and legal orders whereby warfare and its conduct begin moving out of the realm of cultural norms and into a quasi-legal space, where specific principles of international law in general, and laws of war in particular, become more precisely articulated, formalized, and codified. Examining the evolution and multiplication of laws constraining how warfare is waged from the founding of the United Nations and the formalized creation of the Geneva Conventions to the contemporary era, the utilization of ad hoc tribunals in the post-war period, and the establishment of the International Criminal Court in the early 21st century, Mullins provides a cogent understanding of how this historical moment developed and what paths potential lie ahead.
Sociology and Military Studies: Classical and Current Foundations (Cass Military Studies)
by Joseph SoetersThis book examines the connection between sociology and the challenges faced by the modern military. Military sociology has received little attention in the broader academic world, and is mostly focused on civil-military relations. This book seeks to address this gap and combines ideas, theories and insights from sociology’s founding authors, with each chapter focusing on a specific thinker. There are chapters on Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Georg Simmel, Jane Addams, W. E. B. Du Bois, Erving Goffman, Michel Foucault, Morris Janowitz, Norbert Elias, Cornelis Lammers, Arlie Russell Hochschild, Cynthia Enloe and Bruno Latour, and each essay discusses their ideas and theories in relation to topics that are of concern in and around the military today. Military studies are taken in a broad sense here, so the volume encompasses a wide range of issues, including civil-military relations, military-political affairs, performance and outcomes of military operations, and organizational arrangements including technology and the composition, performance and well-being of personnel. The book intends to provide views and insights that will help the military to innovate their organizations and practices, not necessarily in the usual functional way of innovating (i.e. faster, more precise, etc.) but in a broader way. This book will be of great interest to students of sociology, military studies, civil-military relations, war and conflict studies, and IR in general.
Sociology and Military Studies: Classical and Current Foundations (Cass Military Studies)
by Joseph SoetersThis book examines the connection between sociology and the challenges faced by the modern military. Military sociology has received little attention in the broader academic world, and is mostly focused on civil-military relations. This book seeks to address this gap and combines ideas, theories and insights from sociology’s founding authors, with each chapter focusing on a specific thinker. There are chapters on Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Georg Simmel, Jane Addams, W. E. B. Du Bois, Erving Goffman, Michel Foucault, Morris Janowitz, Norbert Elias, Cornelis Lammers, Arlie Russell Hochschild, Cynthia Enloe and Bruno Latour, and each essay discusses their ideas and theories in relation to topics that are of concern in and around the military today. Military studies are taken in a broad sense here, so the volume encompasses a wide range of issues, including civil-military relations, military-political affairs, performance and outcomes of military operations, and organizational arrangements including technology and the composition, performance and well-being of personnel. The book intends to provide views and insights that will help the military to innovate their organizations and practices, not necessarily in the usual functional way of innovating (i.e. faster, more precise, etc.) but in a broader way. This book will be of great interest to students of sociology, military studies, civil-military relations, war and conflict studies, and IR in general.
Sociology of Community: A Collection of Readings
by Colin Bell Howard NewbyFirst Published in 1974. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Sociology of Community: A Collection of Readings
by Colin Bell Howard NewbyFirst Published in 1974. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
SOE: The Scientific Secrets
by Fredric BoyceThe history of the Special Operations Executive during World War II has been the subject of many books down the years. This is a detailed account of the development of equipment and techniques upon which the success of its subversive activities relied. SOE's behind-the-scenes research and development programme ranged from high explosive technology to chemical and biochemical devices; from the techniques of air supply to incendiarism; from camouflage to underwater warfare; and from radio communciations to weaponry. This is a well-documented account of how scientific and technical skills were exploited in support of the heroic efforts of SEO agents world wide during World War II.
SOE and The Resistance: As told in The Times Obituaries
by Michael TillotsonSOE and The Resistance describes the extraordinary contribution to the allied war effort made by the Special Operations Executive, from its formation in 1940 to the end of the war. Within a broadly chronological framework, the book illustrates how resistance was stimulated among the subjugated populations of Europe and the Far East, leading to the sabotage of industry and communications critical to the Axis cause. Ranging from France, through Scandinavia, the Low Countries , North Africa, the Balkans and the Far East, the story unfolds through the lives of the heroic men and women who served with the SOE in enemy-held territory, as recorded in their obituaries in The Times.
SOE and The Resistance: As told in The Times Obituaries
by Michael TillotsonSOE and The Resistance describes the extraordinary contribution to the allied war effort made by the Special Operations Executive, from its formation in 1940 to the end of the war. Within a broadly chronological framework, the book illustrates how resistance was stimulated among the subjugated populations of Europe and the Far East, leading to the sabotage of industry and communications critical to the Axis cause. Ranging from France, through Scandinavia, the Low Countries , North Africa, the Balkans and the Far East, the story unfolds through the lives of the heroic men and women who served with the SOE in enemy-held territory, as recorded in their obituaries in The Times.
SOE Hero: Bob Maloubier and the French Resistance
by Robert MaloubierRobert 'Bob' Maloubier, otherwise known as the French James Bond and as Churchill’s Secret Agent, led a life straight out of a spy thriller. At the age of just 19, he escaped occupied France and ended up in England, where he was given intensive training by the Special Operations Executive (SOE). Back in occupied France, Maloubier’s SOE duties saw him commit large-scale industrial sabotage in Le Havre and Rouen, suffer gunshot wounds while evading capture and be evacuated in the nick of time by 161 Special Duties Squadron. Always at the centre of the action, just after D-Day he was flown back to France alongside fellow agents Philippe Liewer, Violette Szabó and Jean Claude Guiet, where he operated in guerilla warfare conditions and destroyed vital bridges. After another mission with Force 136 in the Far East, the sheer wealth of experience Maloubier gathered during the war made him a perfect candidate to help found the French Secret Service, for whom he proved invaluable. Bob Maloubier was undoubtedly one of the Second World War’s most remarkable, courageous and flamboyant characters. His simply and uniquely told personal account of wartime spent as an SOE agent and with the French Resistance is poignant, brutally truthful, and is told here for the first time in English.
The Soft Cage: Surveillance in America, From Slavery to the War on Terror
by Christian ParentiOn a typical day, you might make a call on a cell phone, withdraw money at an ATM, visit the mall, and make a purchase with a credit card. Each of these routine transactions leaves a digital trail for government agencies and businesses to access. As cutting-edge historian and journalist Christian Parenti points out, these everyday intrusions on privacy, while harmless in themselves, are part of a relentless (and clandestine) expansion of routine surveillance in American life over the last two centuries-from controlling slaves in the old South to implementing early criminal justice and tracking immigrants. Parenti explores the role computers are playing in creating a whole new world of seemingly benign technologies-such as credit cards, website "cookies," and electronic toll collection-that have expanded this trend in the twenty-first century. The Soft Cage offers a compelling, vitally important history lesson for every American concerned about the expansion of surveillance into our public and private lives.
The Soft Cage: Surveillance in America, From Slavery to the War on Terror
by Christian ParentiOn a typical day, you might make a call on a cell phone, withdraw money at an ATM, visit the mall, and make a purchase with a credit card. Each of these routine transactions leaves a digital trail for government agencies and businesses to access. As cutting-edge historian and journalist Christian Parenti points out, these everyday intrusions on privacy, while harmless in themselves, are part of a relentless (and clandestine) expansion of routine surveillance in American life over the last two centuries-from controlling slaves in the old South to implementing early criminal justice and tracking immigrants. Parenti explores the role computers are playing in creating a whole new world of seemingly benign technologies-such as credit cards, website "cookies," and electronic toll collection-that have expanded this trend in the twenty-first century. The Soft Cage offers a compelling, vitally important history lesson for every American concerned about the expansion of surveillance into our public and private lives.
“Soft” Counterinsurgency: Human Terrain Teams And Us Military Strategy In Iraq And Afghanistan
by Paul Joseph"Soft" Counterinsurgency reviews the promises and achievements of Human Terrain Teams, the small groups of social scientists that were eventually embedded in every combat brigade in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Soldier: The Autobiography
by Mike JacksonGeneral Sir Mike Jackson's illustrious career in the British Army has spanned almost 45 years and all that time he has shown loyalty, courage and commitment to the British army whilst also being an undeniable media attraction.A man of substance where foreign policy is concerned, he has served in theatres from the Artic to the jungle but is perhaps best known for his role in charge of the British troops to end ethnic cleansing in Kosovo, for assembling the British ground component of the coalition that toppled the Taliban, for equipping and organising the army we dispatched to defeat in Iraq and for re-organising the British army with aplomb. His drive, enthusiasm and dominating personality were always popular with his soldiers and drove him right to the top of his profession. He may have been a general but he never stopped caring about the men and women in his charge, despite the politics.Soldier: The Autobiography exhibits all the qualities for which Jackson is admired; his professionalism, his honesty, his directness, his exuberance and his sense of humour. Most of all it gives a vivid sense of what modern soldiering entails.
Soldier: Respect Is Earned
by Jay MortonWith four years in the Parachute Regiment, ten years in the SAS and two Everest summits to his name, no one is better equipped than Jay Morton to reveal what it takes to become the best of the best.
The Soldier and the Changing State: Building Democratic Armies in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas
by Zoltan BaranyThe Soldier and the Changing State is the first book to systematically explore, on a global scale, civil-military relations in democratizing and changing states. Looking at how armies supportive of democracy are built, Zoltan Barany argues that the military is the most important institution that states maintain, for without military elites who support democratic governance, democracy cannot be consolidated. Barany also demonstrates that building democratic armies is the quintessential task of newly democratizing regimes. But how do democratic armies come about? What conditions encourage or impede democratic civil-military relations? And how can the state ensure the allegiance of its soldiers? Barany examines the experiences of developing countries and the armed forces in the context of major political change in six specific settings: in the wake of war and civil war, after military and communist regimes, and following colonialism and unification/apartheid. He evaluates the army-building and democratization experiences of twenty-seven countries and explains which predemocratic settings are most conducive to creating a military that will support democracy. Highlighting important factors and suggesting which reforms can be expected to work and fail in different environments, he offers practical policy recommendations to state-builders and democratizers.