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1983: The World at the Brink
by Taylor Downing'A carefully researched and hugely readable account of the build-up to war, the momentum inexorably growing as he assembles each part of the jigsaw. Indeed, his narrative is so persuasive that by the time you are about two- thirds through, it takes some effort to remind yourself that the Third World War never happened' Dominic Sandbrook, Sunday Times1983 was a supremely dangerous year - even more dangerous than 1962, the year of the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the US, President Reagan massively increased defence spending, described the Soviet Union as an 'evil empire' and announced his 'Star Wars' programme, calling for a shield in space to defend the US from incoming missiles.Yuri Andropov, the paranoid Soviet leader, saw all this as signs of American aggression and convinced himself that the US really meant to attack the Soviet Union. He put the KGB on alert to look for signs of an imminent nuclear attack. When a Soviet fighter jet shot down Korean Air Lines flight KAL 007 after straying off course over a sensitive Soviet military area, President Reagan described it as a 'terrorist act' and 'a crime against humanity'. The temperature was rising fast.Then at the height of the tension, NATO began a war game called Able Archer 83. In this exercise, NATO requested permission to use the codes to launch nuclear weapons. The nervous Soviets convinced themselves this was no exercise but the real thing.This is an extraordinary and largely unknown Cold War story of spies and double agents, of missiles being readied, of intelligence failures, misunderstandings and the panic of world leaders. With access to hundreds of extraordinary new documents just released in the US, Taylor Downing is able to tell for the first time the gripping but true story of how near the world came to the brink of nuclear war in 1983. 1983: The World at the Brink is a real-life thriller.
1984
by George OrwellPearson English Readers bring language learning to life through the joy of reading. Well-written stories entertain us, make us think, and keep our interest page after page. Pearson English Readers offer teenage and adult learners a huge range of titles, all featuring carefully graded language to make them accessible to learners of all abilities. Through the imagination of some of the world's greatest authors, the English language comes to life in pages of our Readers. Students have the pleasure and satisfaction of reading these stories in English, and at the same time develop a broader vocabulary, greater comprehension and reading fluency, improved grammar, and greater confidence and ability to express themselves. Find out more at english.com/readers
1984: India’s Guilty Secret
by Pav SinghIn November 1984, the ruling elite of the world's largest democracy conspired to murder thousands of their country's citizens in genocidal massacres reminiscent of Nazi-era Germany while the world watched on. Over four days, armed mobs brutally and systematically butchered, torched and raped members of the minority Sikh community living in Delhi and elsewhere. The sheer scale of the killings exceeded the combined civilian death tolls of the conflict in Northern Ireland, Tiananmen Square and 9/11. In Delhi alone 3,000 people were killed. The full extent of what took place has yet to be fully acknowledged.This definitive account based on harrowing victim testimonies and official accounts reveals how the largest mass crime against humanity in India's modern history was perpetrated by politicians and covered up with the help of the police, judiciary and media. The failings of Western governments - who turned a blind eye to the atrocities for fear of losing trade contracts worth billions - are also exposed.
1984-George Orwell - Novel: १९८४-जॉर्ज ऑरवेलने - कादंबरी
by George Orwell‘१९८४’ हे पुस्तक अशाचपैकी एक आहे. जॉर्ज ऑरवेलने १९४८ साली हे पुस्तक लिहिले. भविष्यकाळातील सर्वंकष हुकूमशाहीचे चित्रण त्यात केले आहे. या पुस्तकाचा बोलबाला सर्व जगात जसा झाला, तसाच तो महाराष्ट्रातही झाला. ३६ सालात जगातील सुमारे ६२ भाषांत या पुस्तकाची भाषांतरे झाली. मराठीत मात्र मी या पुस्तकाचे केलेले भाषांतर प्रसिद्ध होण्यासाठी ३१ डिसेंबर १९८४ ही तारीख उजाडावी लागली. तेव्हा कुठे मराठी भाषा ही भाषांतराच्या यादीत ६३वी भाषा ठरली. त्या वेळी प्रकाशन समारंभाला श्री. ग. प्र. प्रधान (समाजवादी), श्री. ना. ग. गोरे (समाजवादी), श्री. प्रभाकर उर्ध्वरेषे (कम्युनिस्ट) इत्यादी राजकीय नेते उपस्थित होते. त्यांनी या पुस्तकाची मुक्त कंठाने स्तुती केली. १९८४ सालानंतर २७ वर्षांनी या पुस्तकाची दुसरी आवृत्ती बाजारात येत आहे. जॉर्ज ऑरवेलने म्हणतात की, आणीबाणीत अनेक प्रकाशकांना मी विचारले असता या पुस्तकाचे भाषांतर प्रसिद्ध करण्यास ते कचरले. त्यामागे भीती होती अन् ही भीती हीच हुकूमशहाची शक्ती असते. हुकूमशाही म्हणजे नेमके काय, हे ऑरवेलने यात दाखवले आहे. भीतीचा वापर केल्यावरही हुकूमशहाचे समाधान होत नाही. त्याला जनतेने स्वेच्छेने त्याच्यावर प्रेम करावे, त्याची भक्ती करावी असे वाटत असते. कोणतेही राजकीय तत्त्वज्ञान हा केवळ हुकूमशहा बनण्यासाठी घेतलेला आधार असतो. ‘खरी हुकूमशाही माणसाच्या रक्तातच असते काय?’ असा प्रश्न हे पुस्तक वाचल्यावर वाचकाला नक्की पडेल. तसेच हूकूमशाही अगदी टोकाला गेल्यावर काय काय घडू शकते, हे या पुस्तकात फार चांगले दर्शवले आहे.
The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games: Assessing the 30-Year Legacy (Sport in the Global Society - Historical Perspectives)
by Matthew Llewellyn John Gleaves Wayne WilsonThe 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games stand as the most profitable and arguably the most important event in the history of the modern Olympic movement. Fresh off the back of the financially disastrous Montreal Games of 1976 and the politically controversial Moscow Games of 1980, the Olympic movement returned to the United States for the sixth time in an attempt to salvage the economic viability and global prestige of the Olympics. The Los Angeles Olympics proved to be both provocative and polarizing. On the one hand they have been heralded as an overwhelming, transformative success, ushering the Olympic movement into the modern commercial age. On the other hand, critics have repudiated the Games as a manifestation of commercial excess and a platform for western political and cultural propaganda. In conjunction with the 30th anniversary of the Los Angeles Olympics, this volume examines their legacy. With an international collection of contributing scholars, this volume will span a range of global legacies, including the increasing commercialization of the Games, the changing participation of women, the Communist boycott movement, nationalism and sporting identity, and the modernization and California-cation of the Games. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of the History of Sport.
The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games: Assessing the 30-Year Legacy (Sport in the Global Society - Historical Perspectives)
by Matthew P. Llewellyn, John Gleaves and Wayne WilsonThe 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games stand as the most profitable and arguably the most important event in the history of the modern Olympic movement. Fresh off the back of the financially disastrous Montreal Games of 1976 and the politically controversial Moscow Games of 1980, the Olympic movement returned to the United States for the sixth time in an attempt to salvage the economic viability and global prestige of the Olympics. The Los Angeles Olympics proved to be both provocative and polarizing. On the one hand they have been heralded as an overwhelming, transformative success, ushering the Olympic movement into the modern commercial age. On the other hand, critics have repudiated the Games as a manifestation of commercial excess and a platform for western political and cultural propaganda. In conjunction with the 30th anniversary of the Los Angeles Olympics, this volume examines their legacy. With an international collection of contributing scholars, this volume will span a range of global legacies, including the increasing commercialization of the Games, the changing participation of women, the Communist boycott movement, nationalism and sporting identity, and the modernization and California-cation of the Games. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of the History of Sport.
1989: The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe
by Mary Elise Sarotte1989 explores the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from Washington, London, Paris, Bonn, Berlin, Warsaw, Moscow, and a dozen other locations, 1989 describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe.This updated edition contains a new afterword with the most recent evidence on the 1990 origins of NATO's post-Cold War expansion.
1989: The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe (PDF)
by Mary Elise Sarotte1989 explores the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from Washington, London, Paris, Bonn, Berlin, Warsaw, Moscow, and a dozen other locations, 1989 describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe.This updated edition contains a new afterword with the most recent evidence on the 1990 origins of NATO's post-Cold War expansion.
1989 and the West: Western Europe since the End of the Cold War (Routledge Studies in Modern European History)
by Eleni Braat Pepijn CorduwenerBack in 1989, many anticipated that the end of the Cold War would usher in the ‘end of history’ characterized by the victory of democracy and capitalism. At the thirtieth anniversary of this momentous event, this book challenges this assumption. It studies the most recent era of contemporary European history in order to analyse the impact, consequences and legacy of the end of the Cold War for Western Europe. Bringing together leading scholars on the topic, the volume answers the question of how the end of the Cold War has affected Western Europe and reveals how it accelerated and reinforced processes that shaped the fragile (geo-)political and economic order of the continent today. In four thematic sections, the book analyses the changing position of Germany in Europe; studies the transformation of neoliberal capitalism; answers the question how Western Europe faced the geopolitical challenges after the Berlin Wall came down; and investigates the crisis of representative democracy. As such, the book provides a comprehensive and novel historical perspective on Europe since the late 1980s.
1989 and the West: Western Europe since the End of the Cold War (Routledge Studies in Modern European History)
by Eleni Braat Pepijn CorduwenerBack in 1989, many anticipated that the end of the Cold War would usher in the ‘end of history’ characterized by the victory of democracy and capitalism. At the thirtieth anniversary of this momentous event, this book challenges this assumption. It studies the most recent era of contemporary European history in order to analyse the impact, consequences and legacy of the end of the Cold War for Western Europe. Bringing together leading scholars on the topic, the volume answers the question of how the end of the Cold War has affected Western Europe and reveals how it accelerated and reinforced processes that shaped the fragile (geo-)political and economic order of the continent today. In four thematic sections, the book analyses the changing position of Germany in Europe; studies the transformation of neoliberal capitalism; answers the question how Western Europe faced the geopolitical challenges after the Berlin Wall came down; and investigates the crisis of representative democracy. As such, the book provides a comprehensive and novel historical perspective on Europe since the late 1980s.
The 1989 Election of the European Parliament
by Juliet LodgeA brief overview of the 1989 European Parliament elections in each of the member states. Each case study addresses a common set of issues, and each is designed to be intelligible to non-specialists and to those unfamiliar with the state in question.
1989 in Central Europe: A Counterrevolution (Central and Eastern European Perspectives on International Relations)
by Paweł UkielskiThe literature on the fall of communism contains numerous interpretations of the changes that took place in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, while debates about how best to characterize the fall of the communist regimes have raged for many years. Researchers continue to ponder and argue over how ‘revolutionary’, as opposed to ‘evolutionary’ (or ‘reformatory’) these changes were. In this new study, author Paweł Ukielski proposes the term ‘counterrevolution’ to describe the historical process that took place and uses it as an analytical construct to better understand the crisis of Soviet communism and the subsequent transitions that took place.
The 1989 Revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe: From Communism to Pluralism (PDF)
by Kevin Mcdermott Matthew StibbeThis important book reassesses a defining historical, political and ideological moment in contemporary history: the 1989 revolutions in central and eastern Europe. Adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, the authors reconsider such crucial themes as the broader historical significance of the 1989 events, the complex interaction between external and internal factors in the origins and outcomes of the revolutions, the impact of the ‘Gorbachev phenomenon’, the West and the end of the Cold War, the political and socio-economic determinants of the revolutionary processes in Poland, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, and the competing academic, cultural and ideological perceptions of the year 1989 as communism gave way to post-communist pluralism in the 1990s and beyond. Concluding that the contentious term ‘revolution’ is indeed apt for the momentous developments in eastern Europe in 1989, this book will be essential reading for undergraduates, postgraduates and specialists alike.
The 1989 Revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe: From Communism to Pluralism
by Kevin Mcdermott Matthew StibbeThis important book reassesses a defining historical, political and ideological moment in contemporary history: the 1989 revolutions in central and eastern Europe. Adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, the authors reconsider such crucial themes as the broader historical significance of the 1989 events, the complex interaction between external and internal factors in the origins and outcomes of the revolutions, the impact of the ‘Gorbachev phenomenon’, the West and the end of the Cold War, the political and socio-economic determinants of the revolutionary processes in Poland, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, and the competing academic, cultural and ideological perceptions of the year 1989 as communism gave way to post-communist pluralism in the 1990s and beyond. Concluding that the contentious term ‘revolution’ is indeed apt for the momentous developments in eastern Europe in 1989, this book will be essential reading for undergraduates, postgraduates and specialists alike.
1989 the Berlin Wall: My Part in Its Downfall
by Peter MillarFollow Peter Millar on a journey in the heart of Cold War Europe, from the carousing bars of 1970s Fleet Street to the East Berlin corner pub with its eclectic cast of characters who embodied the reality of living on the wrong side of the wall.
1990: Russians Remember a Turning Point
by Arch Tait Irina ProkhorovaAlthough 1989 and 1991 witnessed more spectacular events, 1990 was a year of embryonic change in Russia: Article 6 of the constitution was abolished, and with it the Party's monopoly on political power. This fascinating collection of documentary evidence crystalises the aspirations of the Russian people in the days before Communism finally fell. It charts - among many other social developments - the appearance of new political parties and independent trade unions, the rapid evolution of mass media, the emergence of a new class of entrepreneurs, a new openness about sex and pornography and a sudden craze for hot-air ballooning, banned under the Communist regime. 1990 is a reminder of the confusion and aspirations of the year before Communism finally collapsed in Russia, and a tantalising glimpse of the paths that may have been taken if Yeltsin's coup had not forced the issue in 1991.
1990 Lectures In Complex Systems
by Lynn Nadel Daniel I. SteinAn excellent series presenting top lecturers from the best institute for complex systems. Topics covered include: stochastic processes; fluid flow; pattern formation; information-based complexity; motor system problems; and the nature of adaptive change.
1990 Lectures In Complex Systems
by Lynn Nadel Daniel I. SteinAn excellent series presenting top lecturers from the best institute for complex systems. Topics covered include: stochastic processes; fluid flow; pattern formation; information-based complexity; motor system problems; and the nature of adaptive change.
A 1990s Childhood: From Bum Bags to Tamagotchis
by Michael A JohnsonDo you remember getting up on a Saturday morning to watch Going Live? A time when scrunchies and curtains were the height of cool? Playing Sonic the Hedgehog on your Sega Mega Drive? Then the chances are you were a child in the nineties. This trip down memory lane will jog the memory of even the coolest 30-year-old, and make you long for the days when Gladiators was on the telly on Saturday night and the Spice Girls spiced up your life.
The 1990s Slump: Causes and Cures (Central Issues in Contemporary Economic Theory and Policy)
by Mario Baldassarri Luigi Paganetto Edmund S. PhelpsAt the beginning of the 1990's unemployment grew in all industrialized countries: the essays in this collection focus on the causes and cures of this worrying phenomenon. The volume starts by analysing the disparities in the different national experiences and then focusing on European unemployment. This is followed by more theoretical discussions using econometric models. The volume ends with policy recommendations.
The 1991 Child Support Act: Failure Foreseeable and Foreseen
by Leanne McCarthy-CotterThis book assesses the 1991 Child Support Act and demonstrates how its failure was ‘foreseeable’ and ‘foreseen’. It provides an understanding of the creation, and failure, of the Act, as well as providing an examination of the British policy-making process. The book re-introduces the ‘stages approach’ as an appropriate framework for examining policy-making in general, and analysing policy failure in particular. It draws on evidence gained through interviews, official documents, unpublished consultation responses, Parliamentary debates, and materials from pressure groups and think-tanks, as well as academic literature. The 1991 Child Support Act is seen as one of the most controversial and notorious policy failures in Britain. However it has received relatively little academic attention. An in-depth analysis of the policy-making process that led to the development and passage of this deeply flawed policy has largely been neglected: this book fills that gap.
1992-Planning for Financial Services and the Insurance Sector
by Eurofi plc1992 - Planning for Financial Services and the lnsurance Sector aims to discuss important European laws and their implications for the policies of institution that render financial and insurance services. The book covers topics such as the Single European Act and its effects; company laws, mergers and acquisition, and corporate taxes; and the liberalization of capital movement, capital flows, and the European money system. Also covered are topics such as banking and insurance services in the community; the internal market, its policies, and security; and the implications of a single European market for financial services. The text is recommended for economists as well as financial and political analysts who would like to know more about the European market and the policies that govern it.