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Empiricisms: Experience and Experiment from Antiquity to the Anthropocene
by Barry AllenIn this sweeping volume of comparative philosophy and intellectual history, Barry Allen reassesses the values of experience and experiment in European and world traditions. His work traces the history of empirical philosophy from its birth in Greek medicine to its emergence as a philosophy of modern science. He surveys medical empiricism, Aristotlean and Epicurean empiricism, the empiricism of Gassendi and Locke, logical empiricism, radical empiricism, transcendental empiricism, and varieties of anti-empiricism from Parmenides to Wilfrid Sellars. Throughout this extensive intellectual history, Allen builds an argument in three parts. A richly detailed account of history's empiricisms in Part One establishes a context in Part Two for reconsidering the work of the radical empiricists--William James, Henri Bergson, John Dewey, and Gilles Deleuze, each treated in a dedicated chapter. What is "radical" about them is their effort to return empiricism from epistemology to the ontology and natural philosophy where it began. In Part Three, Allen sets empirical philosophy in conversation with Chinese tradition, considering technological, scientific, medical, and alchemical sources, as well as selected Confucian, Daoist, and Mohist classics. The work shows how philosophical reflection on experience and a profound experimental practice coexist in traditional China with no interaction or even awareness of each other, slipping over each other instead of intertwining as they did in European history, a difference Allen attributes to a different understanding of the value of knowledge. Allen's book recovers empiricism's neglected, multi-textured contexts, and elucidates the enduring value of experience, to arrive at an idea of what is living and dead in philosophical empiricism.
Empiricist Theories of Space: Space and Experience in Early Modern Philosophy (Studies in History and Philosophy of Science #54)
by Laura BerchielliThis book explores the notions of space and extension of major early modern empiricist philosophers, especially Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Condillac. While space is a central and challenging issue for early modern empiricists, literature on this topic is sparse. This collection shows the diversity and problematic unity of empiricist views of space. Despite their common attention to the content of sensorial experience and to the analytical method, empiricist theories of space vary widely both in the way of approaching the issue and in the result of their investigation. However, by recasting the questions and examining the conceptual shifts, we see the emergence of a programmatic core, common to what the authors discuss. The introductory chapter describes this variety and its common core. The other contributions provide more specific perspectives on the issue of space within the philosophical literature. This book offers a unique overview of the early modern understanding of these issues, of interest to historians of early modern philosophy, historians and philosophers of science, historians of ideas, and all readers who want to expand their knowledge of the empiricist tradition.
The Empiricists: A Guide For The Perplexed (Guides for the Perplexed)
by Laurence CarlinThe Empiricists: A Guide for the Perplexed offers a clear and thorough guide to the key thinkers responsible for developing this central concept in the history of philosophy. The book focuses on the canonical figures of the empiricist movement, Locke, Berkeley and Hume, but also explores the contributions made by other key figures such as Bacon, Hobbes, Boyle and Newton. Laurence Carlin presents the views of these hugely influential thinkers in the context of the Scientific revolution, the intellectual movement in which they emerged, and explores in detail the philosophical issues that were central to their work. Specifically designed to meet the needs of students seeking a thorough understanding of the topic, this book is the ideal guide to a key concept in the history of philosophy.
Empirische Theorien: Die Grundzüge der modernen Wissenschaftstheorie (Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaft und Philosophie)
by Wolfgang Balzer
Employability and Access to Training: A Contribution to the Implementation of Corporate Responsibility in the Labor Market
by Silvia CastellazziSilvia Castellazzi shows how companies can implement their corporate responsibility and support employability and access to training in an incentive-compatible manner. The study provides insights into unrealized cooperation and disincentives which prevent companies from investing in a shared pool of employable and skilled people. The research draws on the theoretical framework of the economic ethics and on in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in two European countries. Findings show that incentives for investments in training are selective and might reinforce path-dependencies and exclusion, while not supporting cooperation and productive competition. The study also shows the value of conceptualizing employability as a social rather than a psychological contract to facilitate investments and the implementation of corporate responsibility.
The Employable Sociologist: A Guide for Undergraduates
by Martha A. MartinezThis book addresses a gap in and outside academia: how to help Sociology undergraduates develop skills for career success while maintaining a sociologically rigorous approach. Matching sociological theories, methods, and knowledge with contemporary capitalistic managerial and work practices, it shows how sociology undergraduates are not only employable but have marketable advantages over graduates of other disciplines. A student following the program embodied in this book will actively nurture a strong sociological identity; create a job search plan integrating personal and disciplinary interests, values, and skills; design job application materials that provide the best fit for specific jobs and organizations; and launch a satisfying career path. Beyond an employment guide, it will facilitate the teaching of career development by Sociology faculty; increase students’ ongoing confidence in their potential; and provide a solid foundation for communicating the transformative power of Sociology to employers and managers in the government, business, and non-profit sectors.
Employment and Employee Rights (Foundations of Business Ethics)
by Patricia Werhane Tara J. Radin Norman E. BowieEmployment and Employee Rights addresses the issue of rights in the workplace. Although much of the literature in this field focuses on employee rights, this volume considers the issue from the perspective of both employees and employers. Considers the rights of both employees and employers. Discusses the moral and legal landscape and traditional assumptions about right in employment. Investigates arguments for guaranteeing rights, particularly for employees, which are derived from relational, developmental, and economic bases. Explores new dimensions of employment including a model that incorporates growing workplace diversity, builds upon our understanding of the legal landscape, and expands upon our justifications for recognizing and protecting rights.
Empowering Black Youth of Promise: Education and Socialization in the Village-minded Black Church (Routledge Research in Education)
by Sandra L. Barnes Anne Streaty WimberlyInformed by the experiences of 772 Black churches, this book relies on a multidisciplinary, mixed-methodological lens to examine how today’s Black churches address the religious and non-religious educational and broader socialization needs of youth. Drawing from a cultural and ecological framework of village-mindedness, Barnes and Wimberly examine the intersected nature of place, space, and race to propel a conversation about whether and how the Black Church can become a more relevant and empowering presence for youth and the Black community.
Empowering Black Youth of Promise: Education and Socialization in the Village-minded Black Church (Routledge Research in Education)
by Sandra L. Barnes Anne Streaty WimberlyInformed by the experiences of 772 Black churches, this book relies on a multidisciplinary, mixed-methodological lens to examine how today’s Black churches address the religious and non-religious educational and broader socialization needs of youth. Drawing from a cultural and ecological framework of village-mindedness, Barnes and Wimberly examine the intersected nature of place, space, and race to propel a conversation about whether and how the Black Church can become a more relevant and empowering presence for youth and the Black community.
Empowering Citizens, Engaging the Public: Political Science for the 21st Century
by Rainer EisfeldThis book is the first comprehensive study to respond to the ongoing debates on political sciences’ fragmentation, doubtful relevance, and disconnect with the larger public. It explores the implications of the argument that political science ought to become more topic-driven, more relevant and more comprehensible for "lay" audiences. Consequences would include evolving a culture of public engagement, challenging tendencies toward liars’ rule, and emphasizing the role of “large” themes in academic education and research, the latter being identified as those areas where severe democratic erosion is occurring – such as escalating income and wealth disparities pushing democracy towards plutocracy, ubiquitous change triggering insecurity and aggression, racist prejudice polarizing societies, and counter-terrorism strategies subverting civil liberties. Political science needs to address these pressing problems ahead of other issues by in-depth research and broadly accessible public narratives, including solution-orientated normative notions. This need provides the final justification for evolving a discipline where problems would take priority over methods and public relevance over sophisticated specialization.
Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change
by Ira ShorIra Shor is a pioneer in the field of critical education who for over twenty years has been experimenting with learning methods. His work creatively adapts the ideas of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire for North American classrooms. In Empowering Education Shor offers a comprehensive theory and practice for critical pedagogy. For Shor, empowering education is a student-centered, critical and democratic pedagogy for studying any subject matter and for self and social change. It takes shape as a dialogue in which teachers and students mutually investigate everyday themes, social issues, and academic knowledge. Through dialogue and problem-posing, students become active agents of their learning. This book shows how students can develop as critical thinkers, inspired learners, skilled workers, and involved citizens. Shor carefully analyzes obstacles to and resources for empowering education, suggesting ways for teachers to transform traditional approaches into critical and democratic ones. He offers many examples and applications for the elementary grades through college and adult education.
Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change
by Ira ShorIra Shor is a pioneer in the field of critical education who for over twenty years has been experimenting with learning methods. His work creatively adapts the ideas of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire for North American classrooms. In Empowering Education Shor offers a comprehensive theory and practice for critical pedagogy. For Shor, empowering education is a student-centered, critical and democratic pedagogy for studying any subject matter and for self and social change. It takes shape as a dialogue in which teachers and students mutually investigate everyday themes, social issues, and academic knowledge. Through dialogue and problem-posing, students become active agents of their learning. This book shows how students can develop as critical thinkers, inspired learners, skilled workers, and involved citizens. Shor carefully analyzes obstacles to and resources for empowering education, suggesting ways for teachers to transform traditional approaches into critical and democratic ones. He offers many examples and applications for the elementary grades through college and adult education.
Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change
by Ira ShorIra Shor is a pioneer in the field of critical education who for over twenty years has been experimenting with learning methods. His work creatively adapts the ideas of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire for North American classrooms. In Empowering Education Shor offers a comprehensive theory and practice for critical pedagogy. For Shor, empowering education is a student-centered, critical and democratic pedagogy for studying any subject matter and for self and social change. It takes shape as a dialogue in which teachers and students mutually investigate everyday themes, social issues, and academic knowledge. Through dialogue and problem-posing, students become active agents of their learning. This book shows how students can develop as critical thinkers, inspired learners, skilled workers, and involved citizens. Shor carefully analyzes obstacles to and resources for empowering education, suggesting ways for teachers to transform traditional approaches into critical and democratic ones. He offers many examples and applications for the elementary grades through college and adult education.
Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change
by Ira ShorIra Shor is a pioneer in the field of critical education who for over twenty years has been experimenting with learning methods. His work creatively adapts the ideas of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire for North American classrooms. In Empowering Education Shor offers a comprehensive theory and practice for critical pedagogy. For Shor, empowering education is a student-centered, critical and democratic pedagogy for studying any subject matter and for self and social change. It takes shape as a dialogue in which teachers and students mutually investigate everyday themes, social issues, and academic knowledge. Through dialogue and problem-posing, students become active agents of their learning. This book shows how students can develop as critical thinkers, inspired learners, skilled workers, and involved citizens. Shor carefully analyzes obstacles to and resources for empowering education, suggesting ways for teachers to transform traditional approaches into critical and democratic ones. He offers many examples and applications for the elementary grades through college and adult education.
Empowering Educators: Proven Principles and Successful Strategies
by Patrick Alan Danaher Karen Noble Kevin Larkin Marta Kawka Henriette Van Rensburg Lyn BrodieEducators cannot empower their students without being empowered themselves. This book presents a number of proven principles and successful strategies that have been demonstrated by rigorous research to be effective in assisting teachers to carry out their fundamental mission of helping their students to achieve significant learning outcomes.
Empowering Generation Z: How And Why Leadership Opportunities Can Inspire Your Students
by Dan RobertsDan Roberts, Headteacher of Devonport High School for Boys in Plymouth, believes it is crucial to empower young people to take control of their future.By building the right culture and environment, educators can help ensure that children can truly flourish and develop into adults that wish to have a positive impact on their local, national and international communities.Crisp, captivating and authentic, the book suggests fresh and practical new ideas and opportunities both within the classroom and outside.Dan Roberts' passion for young people is unmistakable, whether speaking before a TED London audience or advising the Obama administration as part of their education technology reform 2020 plan.
Empowering Language Learners in a Changing World through Pedagogies of Multiliteracies
by Vander TavaresThis book presents conceptual and empirical studies on how pedagogies of multiliteracies can empower language learners, teachers, and teacher educators in an increasingly globalized yet unequal world, with a focus on social justice in language education. The chapters offer critical and innovative pedagogical insights that contribute to re-envisioning language and literacy education in the 21st century in a number of educational contexts, including post-secondary, community, refugee, science, language, and teacher education. From a raciolinguistic critique of monoglossic education in the United States to drama-based pedagogies for refugee learners in Iceland, this book contextualizes language learner empowerment by identifying and confronting ideologies of race, gender, nationality, and language. Creative multimodal and multisensorial pedagogies are enacted through learner-designed plurilingual portfolios, infographics, picturebooks, identity texts, performance, andmuseum-based learning. This book diversifies and enriches current approaches to language education based on pedagogies of multiliteracies that cultivate learner agency, identity, and critical reflection, and it will be of interest to readers with backgrounds in second/foreign language education, TESOL/ESL, sociology of education, and applied linguistics.
Empowering Learning: The Importance Of Being Experiential (World Class Schools)
by Dr Malcolm Pritchard Malcolm PritchardExperience - it is our first teacher in life, our early warning system, and our guide to world discovery. Experience connects the inner self to the outer world. It shapes our thoughts, informs our attitudes, motivates our actions. It is the most common mode of learning for all of humanity. Yet, hidden in plain sight, experiential learning is largely taken for granted by educators and researchers. We assume that experience is largely educational. We simply 'learn by doing' - don't we? There is a world of difference between 'doing' and 'doing intelligently'. By understanding how experience acts as a mechanism to inspire and scaffold memorable learning, we stand to gain greater control over this most powerful and universal force in human development. Learning, empowered by experience, is life-changing for learners; experience, purposefully harnessed, is transformational for schools.
Empowering Teachers and Democratising Schooling: Perspectives from Australia
by Keith Heggart Steven KolberThis edited book brings together teachers and education academics who are committed to education about, for and through democracy. It presents a diverse range of viewpoints about the challenges facing educators working across different sectors and discusses ways to challenge issues like neoliberalism, excessive managerialism and accountability and privatisation. It also engages with the times that education has, and continues, to fail students. This book outlines both logistical and ideological challenges which educators committed to democracy face and describes innovative approaches they have adopted, including networking, the use of social media and digital tools and extending their reach beyond their local communities to international audiences. It encourages conversations about how educators and academics might re-commit to education for democracy and generate further avenues for discussion and action by educators and academics.
Empowering Teachers to Build a Better World: How Six Nations Support Teachers for 21st Century Education (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Fernando M. ReimersThis open access book presents a comparative study on how large-scale professional development programs for teachers are designed and implemented. Around the world, governments and educators are recognizing the need to educate students in a broad range of higher order cognitive skills and socio-emotional competencies, and providing effective opportunities for teachers to develop the expertise needed to teach these skills is a crucial aspect of effective implementation of curricula which include those goals. This study examines how large-scale efforts to empower teachers for deeper instruction have been designed, how they have been implemented, and their outcomes. To do so, it investigates six programs from England, Colombia, Mexico, India, and the United States. Though all six are intended to broaden and deepen students’ curricular aspirations, each takes this expansion of curricular goals in a different direction.The ambitious education reforms studied here explicitly focus on building teachers’ capacity to teach on a broader set of goals. Through a discerning analysis of program documents, evaluations, and interviews with senior leaders and participants in the programs, the book identifies the various theories of action used in these programs, examines how they were implemented, and discusses what they achieved. As such, it offers an indispensable resource for education leaders interested in designing and implementing professional development programs for teachers that are aligned with ambitious instructional goals.
Empowerment-Workshops für Menschen mit Rassismuserfahrungen: Theoretische Überlegungen und biographisch-professionelles Wissen aus der Bildungspraxis
by Maryam MohseniEmpowerment aus People-of-Color-Perspektive ist im wissenschaftlichen Feld um Bildung und Migration in der BRD bisher wenig vorzufinden. Ziel von Empowerment-Arbeit ist es, People of Color zu Subjekten der Bildungsarbeit zu machen und mit den oft unhinterfragten weißen Normalitätsvorstellungen im Bildungswesen zu brechen, die oftmals auf defizitorientierten, kulturalisierenden oder viktimisierenden Blickwinkeln basieren. Empowerment-Workshops sind Bildungsangebote von People of Color für People of Color. Im Zentrum stehen die Themen der Menschen, die in Deutschland alltägliche Rassismuserfahrungen machen. Diese Dissertation geht der Frage nach, wie solch eine Bildungsarbeit aussieht, die sich explizit an Menschen mit Rassismuserfahrungen richtet. Hier werden theoretische Grundlegungen der Rassismuskritik um das Wissen über Empowerment-Workshops erweitert. Dabei wird der Frage nach den Bedingungen des Gelingens von Bildungsangeboten für People of Color nachgegangen.
Empty Ideas: A Critique of Analytic Philosophy
by Peter UngerPeter Unger's provocative new book poses a serious challenge to contemporary analytic philosophy, arguing that to its detriment it focuses the predominance of its energy on "empty ideas." In the mid-twentieth century, philosophers generally agreed that, by contrast with science, philosophy should offer no substantial thoughts about the general nature of concrete reality. Leading philosophers were concerned with little more than the semantics of ordinary words. For example: Our word "perceives" differs from our word "believes" in that the first word is used more strictly than the second. While someone may be correct in saying "I believe there's a table before me" whether or not there is a table before her, she will be correct in saying "I perceive there's a table before me" only if there is a table there. Though just a parochial idea, whether or not it is correct does make a difference to how things are with concrete reality. In Unger's terms, it is a concretely substantial idea. Alongside each such parochial substantial idea, there is an analytic or conceptual thought, as with the thought that someone may believe there is a table before her whether or not there is one, but she will perceive there is a table before her only if there is a table there. Empty of import as to how things are with concrete reality, those thoughts are what Unger calls concretely empty ideas. It is widely assumed that, since about 1970, things had changed thanks to the advent of such thoughts as the content externalism championed by Hilary Putnam and Donald Davidson, various essentialist thoughts offered by Saul Kripke, and so on. Against that assumption, Unger argues that, with hardly any exceptions aside from David Lewis's theory of a plurality of concrete worlds, all of these recent offerings are concretely empty ideas. Except when offering parochial ideas, Peter Unger maintains that mainstream philosophy still offers hardly anything beyond concretely empty ideas.
Empty Ideas: A Critique of Analytic Philosophy
by Peter UngerPeter Unger's provocative new book poses a serious challenge to contemporary analytic philosophy, arguing that to its detriment it focuses the predominance of its energy on "empty ideas." In the mid-twentieth century, philosophers generally agreed that, by contrast with science, philosophy should offer no substantial thoughts about the general nature of concrete reality. Leading philosophers were concerned with little more than the semantics of ordinary words. For example: Our word "perceives" differs from our word "believes" in that the first word is used more strictly than the second. While someone may be correct in saying "I believe there's a table before me" whether or not there is a table before her, she will be correct in saying "I perceive there's a table before me" only if there is a table there. Though just a parochial idea, whether or not it is correct does make a difference to how things are with concrete reality. In Unger's terms, it is a concretely substantial idea. Alongside each such parochial substantial idea, there is an analytic or conceptual thought, as with the thought that someone may believe there is a table before her whether or not there is one, but she will perceive there is a table before her only if there is a table there. Empty of import as to how things are with concrete reality, those thoughts are what Unger calls concretely empty ideas. It is widely assumed that, since about 1970, things had changed thanks to the advent of such thoughts as the content externalism championed by Hilary Putnam and Donald Davidson, various essentialist thoughts offered by Saul Kripke, and so on. Against that assumption, Unger argues that, with hardly any exceptions aside from David Lewis's theory of a plurality of concrete worlds, all of these recent offerings are concretely empty ideas. Except when offering parochial ideas, Peter Unger maintains that mainstream philosophy still offers hardly anything beyond concretely empty ideas.
The Empty Raincoat: Making Sense of the Future
by Charles Handy*Can you find the way to Davy's bar? *Do you know the Doughnut principal? *How do you make a Chinese contract? The changes which Charles Handy foresaw in THE AGE OF UNREASON are happening. Endless growth can make a candyfloss economy, and capitalism must be its own sternest critic. Handy reaches here for a philosophy beyond the mechanics of business organisations, beyond material choices, to try and establish an alternative universe where the work ethics can contain a natural sense of continuity, connections and a sense of direction. We are now a world of shareholders, but everyone has a stake in the future. With warmth, wit and the most challenging insights, Charles Handy seeks to turn paradox into real progress.
Empty Representations: Reference and Non-Existence
by Manuel García-Carpintero and Genoveva MartíIt is the linguistic job of singular terms to pick out the objects that we think or talk about. But what about singular terms that seem to fail to designate anything, because the objects they refer to don't exist? We can employ these terms in meaningful thought and talk, which suggests that they are succeeding in fulfilling their representational task. A team of leading experts presents new essays on the much-debated problem of empty reference and thought. In the 1960s and 1970s Keith Donnellan, David Kaplan, Saul Kripke and Hilary Putnam initiated a revolution in the then standard conception of reference—a concept at the core of philosophical inquiry. The repercussions of the revolution, particularly felt in metaphysics and epistemology, were soon refined by other influential writers such as Tyler Burge, Gareth Evans, and John Perry. They argued that some linguistic and mental representations have contents individuated by what they are about—by ordinary referents of expressions such as proper names, indexicals, definite descriptions and common nouns, i.e. by planets, people or natural kinds. The view was at odds with a central philosophical presumption at that time: that cognitive and linguistic access to objective reality is indirect and accidental, mediated by general descriptive characterizations, the only constitutive semantic feature of the expressions; hence its ontological and epistemological repercussions. A turning-point in the debate about how linguistic and mental representation reach external contents concerned the nature of empty mental and linguistic representations, framed by means of the very same expressions crucially invoked in the Donnellan-Kaplan-Kripke-Putnam arguments. The papers in this volume address different aspects of reference and thought about the (apparently) non-existent.