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Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism: From Florence to Jerusalem and New York (Italian and Italian American Studies)

Fascism and the racial laws of 1938 dramatically changed the scientific research and the academic community. Guarnieri focuses on psychology, from its promising origins to the end of the WWII. Psychology was marginalized in Italy both by the neo-idealistic reaction against science, and fascism (unlike Nazism) with long- lasting consequences. Academics and young scholars were persecuted because they were antifascist or Jews and the story of Italian displaced scholars is still an embarrassing one. The book follows scholars who emigrated to the United States, such as psychologist Renata Calabresi, and to Palestine, such as Enzo Bonaventura. Guarnieri traces their journey and the help they received from antifascist and Zionist networks and by international organizations. Some succeeded, some did not, and very few went back.

Italian Reactionary Thought and Critical Theory: An Inquiry into Savage Modernities

Contemporary critical theory has customarily been dominated by French and German thought. However, a new wave of Italian thinkers has broken ground for new theoretical inquiries. This book seeks to explain and defend the new wave of Italian critical though, providing context and substance behind the praxis of this emerging school.

Italian Renaissance Utopias: Doni, Patrizi, and Zuccolo (Palgrave Studies in Utopianism)

This book provides the first English study (comprehensive of introductory essays, translations, and notes) of five prominent Italian Renaissance utopias: Doni’s Wise and Crazy World, Patrizi’s The Happy City, and Zuccolo’s The Republic of Utopia, The Republic of Evandria, and The Happy City. The scholarship on Italian Renaissance utopias is still relatively underdeveloped; there is no English translation of these texts (apart from Campanella’s City of Sun), and our understanding of the distinctive features of this utopian tradition is rather limited. This book therefore fills an important gap in the existing critical literature, providing easier access to these utopian texts, and showing how the study of the utopias of Doni, Patrizi, and Zuccolo can shed crucial light on the scholarly debate about the essential traits of Renaissance utopias.

Italian Studies in the Philosophy of Science (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #47)

The impressive record of Italian philosophical research since the end of Fascism thirty-two years ago is shown in many fields: esthetics, social and" personal ethics, history and sociology of philosophy, and magnificently, perhaps above all, in logic, foundations of mathematics and the philosophY, methodology, and intellectual history ofthe empirical sciences. To our pleasure, Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara of the University of Florence gladly agreed to assemble a 'sampler' of recent Italian logical and analytical work on the philosophical foundations of mathematics and physics, along with a number of historical studies of epistemological and mathematical concepts. The twenty-five essays that form this volume will, we expect, encourage English-reading philosophers and scientists to seek further works by these authors and by their teachers, colleagues, and students; and, we hope, to look for those other Italian currents of thought in the philosophy of science for which points of departure are not wholly analytic, and which also deserve study and recognition in the world­ wide philosophical community. Of course, Italy has long been related to that world community in scien­ titlc matters.

Italienische Moralphilosophie

Dieses Buch enthält sechs Aufsätze namhafter italienischer Philosophen und Schriftsteller. Sie präsentieren auf klare und allgemeinverständliche Weise Schlüsselpositionen der heutigen italienischen Moralphilosophie. Den Aufsätzen beigegeben sind eine Einleitung sowie eine kurze Würdigung des italienischen Denkens des Moralischen durch den Übersetzer und Herausgeber Roland Benedikter.

Italienische Politikphilosophie

Dieses Buch enthält sechs Aufsätze von Massimo Cacciari, Antonio Giuseppe Balistreri, Remo Bodei, Salvatore Veca, Roberto Esposito und Ugo Perone. Sie präsentieren Schlüsselpositionen der italienischen Politikphilosophie der Gegenwart. Hier fassen einige der wichtigsten Denker Italiens ihre Sichtweise auf „die Politik“, „das Politische“ und deren in den kommenden Jahren zu erwartende Entwicklung kurz und allgemeinverständlich zusammen. Den Aufsätzen beigegeben sind eine kurze Einleitung und Würdigung des gegenwärtigen italienischen Denkens des Politischen im europäischen Kontext durch den Übersetzer und Herausgeber Roland Benedikter.

Italy and the Suez Canal, from the Mid-nineteenth Century to the Cold War: A Mediterranean History

Conceived in the 1850s and opened to navigation in 1869, the Suez Canal’s construction coincided with Italy’s path to unification and its first foray into nineteenth-century globalization. Since then, the history of Italy and the Canal have intertwined in many ways, throughout in peace and war. This edited collection explores the fundamental technical, diplomatic and financial contributions that Italy made to the production of the Canal and to its subsequent development, from the mid-nineteenth century to the Cold War. Drawing from unpublished public and private archival sources, this book is the first comprehensive account of this long and multifaceted relationship, providing innovative perspectives on Italy’s diplomatic, economic, social, colonial and cultural history. An insightful read for those studying maritime, diplomatic or Italian history, this book contributes to a growing body of research on the Canal, which has largely emerged from international business, labour and social history, and offers new insights into the Euro-Mediterranean region.

Italy-China Trade Relations: A Historical Perspective (Studies in Economic History)

This book examines the political connections and trade relations between Italy and China, with particular emphasis on the second half of the 19th century and the period following the Second World War. In recent years, economic relations between the two countries have intensified as a result of increasing exchange and trade agreements, with positive impacts on their political and diplomatic relations. By studying original public sources such as the Archives of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Bank of Italy and the Central State Archives in Rome, the author offers a historical perspective on the evolution of the two countries’ economic and political ties. The respective chapters address e.g. the role of international governmental authorities, the role of the Italian Bank of China, the impact of trade agreements and foreign investment projects, etc. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars of economic history and international economics, as well as political scientists and legal scholars with an interest in international diplomacy and trade agreements.

Italy in International Relations: The Foreign Policy Conundrum

This book aims to provide an overview of Italian foreign policy from the moment of unification to the establishment of the European Union. Three turning points are crucial in order to clarify Italy’s foreign policy: 1861, the proclamation of the Italian Kingdom; 1943, when Italy surrendered in World War II; 1992, the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. The international position of Italy continues to be an enigma for many observers and this fuels misinterpretations and prejudices. This book argues that Italy is different but not divergent from other European countries. Italian elites have traditionally seen foreign policy as an instrument to secure the state and import models for development. Italy can still contribute to international security and the strengthening of the EU. At the same time, Italy is not a pure adaptive country and has always maintained a critical attitude towards the international system in which it is incorporated.

Italy in International Relations: The Foreign Policy Conundrum

This book aims to provide an overview of Italian foreign policy from the moment of unification to the establishment of the European Union. Three turning points are crucial in order to clarify Italy’s foreign policy: 1861, the proclamation of the Italian Kingdom; 1943, when Italy surrendered in World War II; 1992, the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. The international position of Italy continues to be an enigma for many observers and this fuels misinterpretations and prejudices. This book argues that Italy is different but not divergent from other European countries. Italian elites have traditionally seen foreign policy as an instrument to secure the state and import models for development. Italy can still contribute to international security and the strengthening of the EU. At the same time, Italy is not a pure adaptive country and has always maintained a critical attitude towards the international system in which it is incorporated.

Italy in the International System from Détente to the End of the Cold War: The Underrated Ally

This edited collection offers a new approach to the study of Italy’s foreign policy from the 1960s to the end of the Cold War, highlighting its complex and sometimes ambiguous goals, due to the intricacies of its internal system and delicate position in the fault line of the East-West and North-South divides. According to received opinion, during the Cold War era Italy was more an object rather than a factor in active foreign policy, limiting itself to paying lip service to the Western alliance and the European integration process, without any pretension to exerting a substantial international influence. Eleven contributions by leading Italian historians reappraise Italy’s international role, addressing three complex and intertwined issues, namely, the country’s political-diplomatic dimension; the economic factors affecting Rome’s international stance; and Italy’s role in new approaches to the international system and the influence of political parties’ cultures in the nation’s foreign policy.

Italy in the International System from Détente to the End of the Cold War: The Underrated Ally

This edited collection offers a new approach to the study of Italy’s foreign policy from the 1960s to the end of the Cold War, highlighting its complex and sometimes ambiguous goals, due to the intricacies of its internal system and delicate position in the fault line of the East-West and North-South divides. According to received opinion, during the Cold War era Italy was more an object rather than a factor in active foreign policy, limiting itself to paying lip service to the Western alliance and the European integration process, without any pretension to exerting a substantial international influence. Eleven contributions by leading Italian historians reappraise Italy’s international role, addressing three complex and intertwined issues, namely, the country’s political-diplomatic dimension; the economic factors affecting Rome’s international stance; and Italy’s role in new approaches to the international system and the influence of political parties’ cultures in the nation’s foreign policy.

Italy in the New International Order, 1917–1922 (Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World)

This edited collection offers the first systematic account in English of Italy’s international position from Caporetto – a major turning-point in Italy’s participation in the First World War – to the end of the liberal regime in Italy in 1922. It shows that after the ‘Great War’, not only did Italy establish itself as a regional power but also achieved its post-unification ambition to be recognised, at least from a formal viewpoint, as a great power. This subject is addressed through multiple perspectives, covering Italy’s relations and mutual perceptions vis-à-vis the Allies, the vanquished nations, and the ‘New Europe’. Fourteen contributions by leading historians reappraise Italy’s role in the construction of the post-war international order, drawing on extensive multi-archival and multi-national research, combining for the first time documents from American, Austrian, British, French, German, Italian, Russian and former Yugoslav archives.

Italy through the Red Lens: Italian Politics and Society in Communist Propaganda Films (1946–79) (Italian and Italian American Studies)

This book offers the first comprehensive analysis of the role of cinema in the communication strategy of the Italian Communist party (the PCI). It examines the entire period during which the party had a systematic and organized approach to cinematographic production, starting with the early experiments in 1946 and concluding with the closure of PCI film company Unitelefilm at the end of the 1970s. Its analysis sheds light on a range of issues, such as the relationship between the party and Italian intellectuals, the Stalinist imprint of the Italian Communist Party and the historical significance of the Salerno turn, the PCI’s relationship with the student movements in 1968 and 1977, and the PCI’s response to the rise in political violence in the 1970s. Ultimately, the book demonstrates that cinema was essential to the PCI’s propaganda effort.

Italy's Social Revolution: Charity and Welfare from Liberalism to Fascism

The study of welfare can illuminate debate about some of the grand themes in modern Italian history - the question of the success or failure of nation-building; the question of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the state; and the question of continuity and discontinuity from liberalism to fascism. It can also deepen understanding of one of the most pressing problems confronting historians of Italian fascism - the question of the actual impact of fascist rule on Italian society. Despite this, surprisingly few scholars have done any work on this important topic. This book aims to contribute to scholarship on the social history of modern Italy by examining welfare thinking and policies from the nineteenth century to the fascist period.

Iterated Inductive Definitions and Subsystems of Analysis: Recent Proof-Theoretical Studies (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #897)

Iterated Knowledge

Omega knowledge is the strongest kind of knowledge. When you omega know something, you know it. You know that you know it. You possess every iteration of knowledge regarding it. Iterated Knowledge is the first systematic treatment of omega knowledge. Skeptics say that we omega know hardly anything about the world, since infinite iterations of knowledge would require infinitely reliable belief forming methods. Simon Goldstein argues against the skeptics, on the basis that omega knowledge is required for rational assertion and action. For this reason, it is important to develop theories which allow us to have omega knowledge of ordinary claims about the world. The only existing theory that allows this is the KK principle, which implies that you omega know everything that you know. However, the KK principle faces a wide range of well-known counterexamples and theoretical challenges. The goal of this book is therefore to open up new space in epistemology by developing and critically comparing several new theories of omega knowledge. One of these theories says that you omega know everything that you know that you know. Another theory says that, whenever you know something, it is consistent with your knowledge that you omega know it. These theories avoid the classic challenges to the KK principle, while also making room for large amounts of omega knowledge. Along the way, Iterated Knowledge gives treatments of justified belief, rational certainty, and normative requirements on assertion and action. The discussion ends by developing mathematical models of knowledge that carefully lay out the differing predictions of the various theories developed in the book.

Iterated Knowledge

Omega knowledge is the strongest kind of knowledge. When you omega know something, you know it. You know that you know it. You possess every iteration of knowledge regarding it. Iterated Knowledge is the first systematic treatment of omega knowledge. Skeptics say that we omega know hardly anything about the world, since infinite iterations of knowledge would require infinitely reliable belief forming methods. Simon Goldstein argues against the skeptics, on the basis that omega knowledge is required for rational assertion and action. For this reason, it is important to develop theories which allow us to have omega knowledge of ordinary claims about the world. The only existing theory that allows this is the KK principle, which implies that you omega know everything that you know. However, the KK principle faces a wide range of well-known counterexamples and theoretical challenges. The goal of this book is therefore to open up new space in epistemology by developing and critically comparing several new theories of omega knowledge. One of these theories says that you omega know everything that you know that you know. Another theory says that, whenever you know something, it is consistent with your knowledge that you omega know it. These theories avoid the classic challenges to the KK principle, while also making room for large amounts of omega knowledge. Along the way, Iterated Knowledge gives treatments of justified belief, rational certainty, and normative requirements on assertion and action. The discussion ends by developing mathematical models of knowledge that carefully lay out the differing predictions of the various theories developed in the book.

Iteration Theories: The Equational Logic of Iterative Processes (Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series)

This monograph contains the results of our joint research over the last ten years on the logic of the fixed point operation. The intended au­ dience consists of graduate students and research scientists interested in mathematical treatments of semantics. We assume the reader has a good mathematical background, although we provide some prelimi­ nary facts in Chapter 1. Written both for graduate students and research scientists in theoret­ ical computer science and mathematics, the book provides a detailed investigation of the properties of the fixed point or iteration operation. Iteration plays a fundamental role in the theory of computation: for example, in the theory of automata, in formal language theory, in the study of formal power series, in the semantics of flowchart algorithms and programming languages, and in circular data type definitions. It is shown that in all structures that have been used as semantical models, the equational properties of the fixed point operation are cap­ tured by the axioms describing iteration theories. These structures include ordered algebras, partial functions, relations, finitary and in­ finitary regular languages, trees, synchronization trees, 2-categories, and others.

Iterative Conceptions of Set (Elements in the Philosophy of Mathematics)

Many philosophers are aware of the paradoxes of set theory (e.g. Russell's paradox). For many people, these were solved by the iterative conception of set which holds that sets are formed in stages by collecting sets available at previous stages. This Element will examine possibilities for articulating this solution. In particular, the author argues that there are different kinds of iterative conception, and it's open which of them (if any) is the best. Along the way, the author hopes to make some of the underlying mathematical and philosophical ideas behind tricky bits of the philosophy of set theory clear for philosophers more widely and make their relationships to some other questions in philosophy perspicuous.

Itinerant Curriculum Theory: A Declaration of Epistemological Independence (Bloomsbury Critical Education)

This book advances new ways of thinking about emergence and impact of Itinerant Curriculum Theory (ICT). Written by authors based in Algeria, Brazil, Chile, China, Estonia, South Korea, Spain and the USA, the chapters examine the opportunities and challenges paved by ICT in the struggle to open up and decolonize curriculum policies. The contributors show how ICT can help us to pave a new way to think about and to do curriculum theory and announce ICT as a declaration of epistemological liberation, one that helps to resist Eurocentric dominance. The chapters cover topics including, ecologies of the Global South, education discourse in South Korea, China's Curriculum Reform, and the history of colonialism in the Middle East. Building on the work of Antonia Darder, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and others, this book posits that the future of the field is the struggle against curriculum epistemicides and this is ultimately a struggle for social justice. The book includes a Foreword by the leading curriculum historian William Schubert, Professor Emeritus of Curriculum and Instruction at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.

Itinerant Curriculum Theory: A Declaration of Epistemological Independence (Bloomsbury Critical Education)

This book advances new ways of thinking about emergence and impact of Itinerant Curriculum Theory (ICT). Written by authors based in Algeria, Brazil, Chile, China, Estonia, South Korea, Spain and the USA, the chapters examine the opportunities and challenges paved by ICT in the struggle to open up and decolonize curriculum policies. The contributors show how ICT can help us to pave a new way to think about and to do curriculum theory and announce ICT as a declaration of epistemological liberation, one that helps to resist Eurocentric dominance. The chapters cover topics including, ecologies of the Global South, education discourse in South Korea, China's Curriculum Reform, and the history of colonialism in the Middle East. Building on the work of Antonia Darder, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and others, this book posits that the future of the field is the struggle against curriculum epistemicides and this is ultimately a struggle for social justice. The book includes a Foreword by the leading curriculum historian William Schubert, Professor Emeritus of Curriculum and Instruction at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.

It's a Gas: The Magnificent and Elusive Elements that Expand Our World

'A delight' Dara O Briain'A witty, smart writer who has a great talent' Bill GatesWhy are most gases invisible, odourless and tasteless? Why do some poison us and others make us laugh? And why do some power our engines while others make drinks fizzy? In It's a Gas, Mark Miodownik masterfully reveals an invisible world through his unique brand of scientific storytelling.Taking us back to that exhilarating – and often dangerous – moment when scientists tried to work out exactly what they had discovered, Miodownik shows that gases are the formative substances of our modern world, each with its own weird and wonderful personality.We see how seventeenth-century laughing gas parties led to the first use of anaesthetics in surgery, how the invention of the air valve in musical instruments gave us bicycles, cars and trainers, and how gases made us masters of the sea (by huge steamships) and skies (via extremely flammable balloons). This delight of a book reveals the immense importance of gases to modern civilisation.

It's a PC World

Almost all of us have a hobby horse we like to ride into battle against Political Correctness, and yet the PC phenomenon just seems to keep on growing, touching every facet of our lives from our pleasures to our politics. Why? Could it be that this much derided scourge of the modern world contains a germ of goodness? Edward Stourton finds examples in all walks of life – and explodes a few myths along the way. His witty and thought-provoking manoeuvres through the pros and cons of PC are both entertaining and at times unexpectedly disturbing.

It's All About Coordination: Essays to Celebrate the Lifelong Scientific Achievements of Farhad Arbab (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10865)

This Festschrift volume has been published to celebrate the lifelong scientific achievements of Farhad Arbab on the occasion of his retirement from the Centre of Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI).Over the years Farhad Arbab has sucessfully been engaged in scientific explorations in various directions: Software Composition, Service Oriented Computing, Component-based Software, Concurrency Theory, Coordination Models and Languages, Parallel and Distributed Computing, Visual Programming Environments, Constraints, Logic and Object-Oriented Programming.Farhad Arbab has shaped the field of Coordination Models and Languages. His insight that it is all about exeogeneous coordination gave rise to the striking elegance and beauty of Reo: an exogenous coordination model based on a formal calculus of channel composition. Reo has been extremely successful and is having a great impact in many of the areas mentioned above.The present volume collects a number of papers by several of Farhad’s close collaborators over the years.