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Bertrand Russell
by A. J. AyerWith extraordinary concision and clarity, A. J. Ayer gives an account of the major incidents of Bertrand Russell's life and an exposition of the whole range of his philosophy. "Ayer considers Russell to be, except possibly for Wittgenstein, the most influential philosopher of our time. In this book [he] gives a lucid account of Russell's philosophical achievements."—James Rachels, New York Times Book Review "I am sure [this] is the best introduction of any length to Russell, and I suspect that it might serve as one of the best introductions to modern philosophy. . . . Ayer begins with a brief, austere, and balanced account of Russell's life: as in Russell's autobiography this means his thought, books, women, and politics. Tacitus (and Russell) would have found the account exemplary. Ayer ends with a sympathetic and surprisingly detailed survey of Russell's social philosophy. But the bulk of this book consists of a chapter on Russell's work in logic and the foundations of mathematics, followed by a chapter on his epistemological views and one on metaphysics. . . . I find it impossible to imagine that this book will not remain indefinitely the very best book of its sort."—Review of Metaphysics "The confrontation or conjunction of Ayer and Russell is a notable event and has produced a remarkable book—brilliantly argued and written."—Martin Lebowitz, The Nation
Bertrand Russell: Philosophy In An Hour
by Paul StrathernPhilosophy for busy people. Read a succinct account of the philosophy of Russell in just one hour.
Bertrand Russell and the Edwardian Philosophers: Constructing the World (History of Analytic Philosophy)
by O. NasimThe author demonstrates the significant role that some of the Edwardian philosophers played in the formation of Russell's work on the problem of the external world done at the tail-end of a controversy which raged between about 1900-1915.
Bertrand Russell and the Nature of Propositions: A History and Defence of the Multiple Relation Theory of Judgement (Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Philosophy)
by Samuel LebensBertrand Russell and the Nature of Propositions offers the first book-length defence of the Multiple Relation Theory of Judgement (MRTJ). Although the theory was much maligned by Wittgenstein and ultimately rejected by Russell himself, Lebens shows that it provides a rich and insightful way to understand the nature of propositional content. In Part I, Lebens charts the trajectory of Russell’s thought before he adopted the MRTJ. Part II reviews the historical story of the theory: What led Russell to deny the existence of propositions altogether? Why did the theory keep evolving throughout its short life? What role did G. F. Stout play in the evolution of the theory? What was Wittgenstein’s concern with the theory, and, if we can’t know what his concern was exactly, then what are the best contending hypotheses? And why did Russell give the theory up? In Part III, Lebens makes the case that Russell’s concerns with the theory weren’t worth its rejection. Moreover, he argues that the MRTJ does most of what we could want from an account of propositions at little philosophical cost. This book bridges the history of early analytic philosophy with work in contemporary philosophy of language. It advances a bold reading of the theory of descriptions and offers a new understanding of the role of Stout and the representation concern in the evolution of the MRTJ. It also makes a decisive contribution to philosophy of language by demonstrating the viability of a no-proposition theory of propositions.
Bertrand Russell and the Nature of Propositions: A History and Defence of the Multiple Relation Theory of Judgement (Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Philosophy)
by Samuel LebensBertrand Russell and the Nature of Propositions offers the first book-length defence of the Multiple Relation Theory of Judgement (MRTJ). Although the theory was much maligned by Wittgenstein and ultimately rejected by Russell himself, Lebens shows that it provides a rich and insightful way to understand the nature of propositional content. In Part I, Lebens charts the trajectory of Russell’s thought before he adopted the MRTJ. Part II reviews the historical story of the theory: What led Russell to deny the existence of propositions altogether? Why did the theory keep evolving throughout its short life? What role did G. F. Stout play in the evolution of the theory? What was Wittgenstein’s concern with the theory, and, if we can’t know what his concern was exactly, then what are the best contending hypotheses? And why did Russell give the theory up? In Part III, Lebens makes the case that Russell’s concerns with the theory weren’t worth its rejection. Moreover, he argues that the MRTJ does most of what we could want from an account of propositions at little philosophical cost. This book bridges the history of early analytic philosophy with work in contemporary philosophy of language. It advances a bold reading of the theory of descriptions and offers a new understanding of the role of Stout and the representation concern in the evolution of the MRTJ. It also makes a decisive contribution to philosophy of language by demonstrating the viability of a no-proposition theory of propositions.
Bertrand Russell and the Origins of the Set-theoretic ‘Paradoxes’
by GARCIADIEGOXll Russell's published works include more than sixty books, several unpublished manuscripts, many hundreds of articles, dozens of radio and TV interviews and films, covering a wide spectrum of knowledge. His writings embrace discussions and analysis of such diverse topics as social sciences, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of physics, philosophy in general, religion, moral sciences, education, pacifism, natural sciences (including biology and physics), linguistics, statistics, probability, eco nomic theory, history, politics, international affairs and other topics. He corresponded with a large and diverse group of colleagues including both prominent and obscure figures in politics, the arts, humanities and scienc es. Russell's communication with his colleagues began in the late nine teenth century and was especially active through much of the twentieth century. In spite of being one of the most controversial public personali ties of his day (let us not forget that he went to prison twice, was dis missed from Cambridge University and was prevented from teaching at the College of the City of New York), his merits have been recognized and appreciated. He was awarded many medals, diplomas and honors, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950.
Bertrand Russell, Feminism, and Women Philosophers in his Circle (History of Analytic Philosophy)
by Landon D. C. Elkind Alexander Mugar KleinThis book examines Bertrand Russell’s complicated relationships to the women around him, and to feminism more generally. The essays in this volume offer scholarly reassessments of these relationships and their import for the history of feminism and of analytic philosophy.Russell is a founder of analytic philosophy. He has also been called a feminist due to his public, decades-long advocacy for women’s rights and equality of the sexes. But his private behavior towards wives and sexual partners, and his apparently dismissive (occasionally public) responses to some women philosophers, raises the question of what sort of feminist (or chauvinist) Russell actually was.Focusing on women in Russell’s circle of acquaintance, including feminist activists and his philosophical interlocutors, this book casts new light on a timeless thinker’s feminism and the women who played critical roles in the making of analytic philosophy.
Bertrand Russell on Modality and Logical Relevance (Routledge Revivals)
by Jan DejnožkaFirst published in 1999, this volume re-examines Bertrand Russell’s views on modal logic and logical relevance, arguing that Russell does in fact accommodate modality and modal logic. The author, Jan Dejnožka, draws together Russell’s comments and perspectives from throughout his canon in order to demonstrate a coherent view on logical modality and logical relevance. To achieve this, Dejnožka explores questions including whether Russell has a possible worlds logic, Rescher’s case against Russell, Russell’s three levels of modality and the motives and origins of Russell’s theory of modality.
Bertrand Russell on Modality and Logical Relevance (Routledge Revivals)
by Jan DejnožkaFirst published in 1999, this volume re-examines Bertrand Russell’s views on modal logic and logical relevance, arguing that Russell does in fact accommodate modality and modal logic. The author, Jan Dejnožka, draws together Russell’s comments and perspectives from throughout his canon in order to demonstrate a coherent view on logical modality and logical relevance. To achieve this, Dejnožka explores questions including whether Russell has a possible worlds logic, Rescher’s case against Russell, Russell’s three levels of modality and the motives and origins of Russell’s theory of modality.
Bertrand Russell's Best
by Bertrand RussellBertrand Russell is regarded as one of the twentieth century’s greatest minds. Well-known for his profound knowledge and controversial approach to myriad of different issues and subjects such as sex, marriage, religion, education and politics, his prolific works also exhibit great intellectual wit and humour. First published in 1958, Bertrand Russell’s Best is a delightfully funny and entertaining book, and a striking testament to the remarkable life work and wit of Bertrand Russell.
Bertrand Russell's Best
by Bertrand RussellBertrand Russell is regarded as one of the twentieth century’s greatest minds. Well-known for his profound knowledge and controversial approach to myriad of different issues and subjects such as sex, marriage, religion, education and politics, his prolific works also exhibit great intellectual wit and humour. First published in 1958, Bertrand Russell’s Best is a delightfully funny and entertaining book, and a striking testament to the remarkable life work and wit of Bertrand Russell.
Bertrand Russell's Bundle Theory of Particulars (Bloomsbury Studies in Philosophy)
by Gülberk Koç MacleanWinner of the 2015 Bertrand Russell Society Book AwardBertrand Russell's Bundle Theory of Particulars presents and evaluates Russell's arguments for two competing theories on the nature of particulars at different stages in his career: the substratum theory of particulars (1903-1913) and the bundle theory of particulars (1940-1948). Through its original focus on Russell's little known metaphysics in the later part of his career, this study explains why Russell's theory of particulars is relevant today. It argues that a Russellian realist bundle theory is indeed the best explanation of similarities and differences that we observe around us thanks to the ontological economy such a theory provides and its strength and completeness as a theory of the nature of reality. Tackling the major criticisms levelled against the realist bundle theory - the problem of individuation, the problem of necessity, and the problem of analyticity - this study presents and defends a tenable Russellian bundle theory which can answer the objections. Bertrand Russell's Bundle Theory of Particulars is a novel and significant contribution to Russell scholarship.
Bertrand Russell's Bundle Theory of Particulars (Bloomsbury Studies in Philosophy)
by Gülberk Koç MacleanWinner of the 2015 Bertrand Russell Society Book AwardBertrand Russell's Bundle Theory of Particulars presents and evaluates Russell's arguments for two competing theories on the nature of particulars at different stages in his career: the substratum theory of particulars (1903-1913) and the bundle theory of particulars (1940-1948). Through its original focus on Russell's little known metaphysics in the later part of his career, this study explains why Russell's theory of particulars is relevant today. It argues that a Russellian realist bundle theory is indeed the best explanation of similarities and differences that we observe around us thanks to the ontological economy such a theory provides and its strength and completeness as a theory of the nature of reality. Tackling the major criticisms levelled against the realist bundle theory - the problem of individuation, the problem of necessity, and the problem of analyticity - this study presents and defends a tenable Russellian bundle theory which can answer the objections. Bertrand Russell's Bundle Theory of Particulars is a novel and significant contribution to Russell scholarship.
Bertrand Russell's Ethics (Continuum Studies in British Philosophy)
by Michael K. PotterBertrand Russell was not only one of the greatest philosophers of the twentieth century; he was also a humanitarian and activist who fought for many moral, social, and political causes. During his lifetime, the general public knew him for his activism and popular works, in which he tackled such diverse topics as sexual ethics, religion, war, and nuclear disarmament. Besides the great achievements in mathematical logic on which his reputation rests, Russell was a pioneer in moral philosophy, and his work in this area informed and guided his activism. Russell created one of the first versions of a meta-ethical theory known as emotivism (sometimes also called the 'boo-hooray' theory, later popularized by A.J. Ayer and C.L. Stevenson) which maintains that ethical statements cannot be true or false - they are simply expressions of emotional attitudes. That Russell could hold such a theory while being at the same time an ardent activist is one feat. That his version was superior to more popular versions of emotivism is another.Yet, despite the fact that Russell held on to some form of emotivism for most of his professional life, and despite the fact that the theory is present in some of his best-known books, it was virtually ignored until the late 1990s. Michael K. Potter's book brings an important new dimension to our understanding of Russell's life, his activism, and his contribution to moral philosophy.
Bertrand Russell's Philosophy of Language
by R. ClackRUSSELL AND THE LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY It is generally acknowledged that Bertrand Russell played a vital role in the so-called "revolution" that has taken place in twentieth century Anglo-American philosophy, the revolution that has led many philo sophers virtually to equate philosophy with some variety - or varieties - of linguistic analysis. His contributions to this revolution were two fold: (I) together with G. E. Moore he led the successful revolt against the neo-Hegelianism of Idealists such as Bradley and McTaggert; (2) again with Moore he provided much of the impetus for a somewhat revolutionary way of doing philosophy. (I) and (2) are, of course, close ly related, since the new way of philosophizing could be said to consti tute, in large part, the revolt against Idealism. Be this as it may, how ever, the important fact for present consideration is that Russell was a major influence in turning Anglo-American philosophy in the direction it has subsequently taken - toward what may be termed, quite general ly, the "linguistic philosophy. " Unfortunately, though his importance as a precursor of the linguistic philosophy is well-known, the precise sense in which Russell himself can be considered a "philosopher of language" has not, to the present time, been sufficiently clarified. Useful beginnings have been made toward an investigation of this question, but they have been, withal, only begin nings, and nothing like an adequate picture of Russell's overall philoso phy of language is presently available.
Bertrand Russell’s Philosophy of Language
by Robert J. ClackRUSSELL AND THE LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY I t is generally acknowledged that Bertrand Russell played a vital role in the so-called "revolution" that has taken place in twentieth century Anglo-American philosophy, the revolution that has led many philo sophers virtually to equate philosophy with some variety - or varieties - of linguistic analysis. His contributions to this revolution were two fold: (I) together with G. E. Moore he led the successful revolt against the neo-Hegelianism of Idealists such as Bradley and McTaggert; (2) again with Moore he provided much of the impetus for a somewhat revolutionary way of doing philosophy. (I) and (2) are, of course, close ly related, since the new way of philosophizing could be said to consti tute, in large part, the revolt against Idealism. Be this as it may, how ever, the important fact for present consideration is that Russell was a major influence in turning Anglo-American philosophy in the direction it has subsequently taken - toward what may be termed, quite general ly, the "linguistic philosophy. " Unfortunately, though his importance as a precursor of the linguistic philosophy is well-known, the precise sense in which Russell himself can be considered a "philosopher of language" has not, to the present time, been sufficiently clarified. Useful beginnings have been made toward an investigation of this question, but they have been, withal, only begin nings, and nothing like an adequate picture of Russell's overall philoso phy of language is presently available.
Bertrand’s Paradox and the Principle of Indifference (Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Mathematics and Physics)
by Nicholas ShackelEvents between which we have no epistemic reason to discriminate have equal epistemic probabilities. Bertrand’s chord paradox, however, appears to show this to be false, and thereby poses a general threat to probabilities for continuum sized state spaces. Articulating the nature of such spaces involves some deep mathematics and that is perhaps why the recent literature on Bertrand’s Paradox has been almost entirely from mathematicians and physicists, who have often deployed elegant mathematics of considerable sophistication. At the same time, the philosophy of probability has been left out. In particular, left out entirely are the philosophical ground of the principle of indifference, the nature of the principle itself, the stringent constraint this places on the mathematical representation of the principle needed for its application to continuum sized event spaces, and what these entail for rigour in developing the paradox itself. This book puts the philosophy and its entailments back in and in so doing casts a new light on the paradox, giving original analyses of the paradox, its possible solutions, the source of the paradox, the philosophical errors we make in attempting to solve it and what the paradox proves for the philosophy of probability. The book finishes with the author’s proposed solution—a solution in the spirit of Bertrand’s, indeed—in which an epistemic principle more general than the principle of indifference offers a principled restriction of the domain of the principle of indifference.Bertrand's Paradox and the Principle of Indifference will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in the philosophy of mathematics, epistemology, philosophy of science, probability theory and mathematical physics.
Bertrand’s Paradox and the Principle of Indifference (Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Mathematics and Physics)
by Nicholas ShackelEvents between which we have no epistemic reason to discriminate have equal epistemic probabilities. Bertrand’s chord paradox, however, appears to show this to be false, and thereby poses a general threat to probabilities for continuum sized state spaces. Articulating the nature of such spaces involves some deep mathematics and that is perhaps why the recent literature on Bertrand’s Paradox has been almost entirely from mathematicians and physicists, who have often deployed elegant mathematics of considerable sophistication. At the same time, the philosophy of probability has been left out. In particular, left out entirely are the philosophical ground of the principle of indifference, the nature of the principle itself, the stringent constraint this places on the mathematical representation of the principle needed for its application to continuum sized event spaces, and what these entail for rigour in developing the paradox itself. This book puts the philosophy and its entailments back in and in so doing casts a new light on the paradox, giving original analyses of the paradox, its possible solutions, the source of the paradox, the philosophical errors we make in attempting to solve it and what the paradox proves for the philosophy of probability. The book finishes with the author’s proposed solution—a solution in the spirit of Bertrand’s, indeed—in which an epistemic principle more general than the principle of indifference offers a principled restriction of the domain of the principle of indifference.Bertrand's Paradox and the Principle of Indifference will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in the philosophy of mathematics, epistemology, philosophy of science, probability theory and mathematical physics.
Berufliche Passagen im Lebenslauf: Berufsbildungs- und Transitionsforschung in der Schweiz
Am Übergang von der Schule in den Beruf werden wichtige Weichen gestellt, die den weiteren Lebenslauf eines Menschen vorbereiten. Dazu werden in diesem Band neue Ergebnisse der vielfältigen Transitionsforschung aus der ganzen Schweiz vorgestellt, die sich an verschiedenen Disziplinen wie der Psychologie, Soziologie, Erziehungswissenschaften oder Bildungsökonomie orientieren. Dafür werden theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Evidenzen für die Analyse und Steuerung bedeutsamer Passagen im Lebenslauf entwickelt. Soweit möglich werden auch Handlungsempfehlungen für die Akteure der Berufsbildung in der Schweiz diskutiert, die zugleich auch in anderen Ländern von Interesse sein dürften.
Berufsethik und Grundwerte in Japan: Erfolgsgeheimnisse jahrhundertealter Unternehmen
by Tamayo IwamuraDieses Buch untersucht an Fallbeispielen jahrhundertealter Familienbetriebe in Japan, welche Bedingungen und besonderen Grundwerte ihren betrieblichen Fortbestand fördern. Wenig überraschend finden sich diese goldenen Regeln und Maximen auch in der Arbeitskultur und Wertorientierung der führenden japanischen Großunternehmen wieder. Die Autorin beleuchtet die sozioökonomische Entwicklung im Zusammenhang mit der religiösen Tradition und bringt westlichen Lesern die oft als geheimnisvoll empfundene Kultur Japans nah. Über fundierte Kenntnisse der Grundwerte und sozioökonomischen Geschichte Japans hinaus vermittelt sie dem Leser ein echtes Verstehen japanischen Denkens und Handelns, das ihm im Umgang mit japanischen Gesprächspartnern und bei Besuchen im Land einen authentischen eigenen Handlungsspielraum bietet. Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie befinden sich weltweit viele Betriebe in der Existenzkrise. Gerade zu diesem Zeitpunkt können die Erfahrungen jahrhundertealter Betriebe in Japan, die stets erfolgreich um ihren Fortbestand erfolgreich gekämpft haben, gute Anregungen bieten.
Berufsorientierung Jugendlicher in Deutschland: Erwartungen, Sorgen und Bedarfe (SINUS-Studien)
by Christoph Schleer Marc CalmbachWie gut sehen sich Jugendliche auf die berufliche Zukunft vorbereitet? Welche Sorgen machen sie sich? Welche Vorstellungen haben Jugendliche über die Arbeitswelt? Welche Erwartungen richten sie an Beruf und Unternehmen? Wie informieren sie sich über berufliche Optionen und wo haben sie noch Unterstützungsbedarf? Diesen und weiteren Fragen ist das SINUS-Institut mit einer repräsentativen Studie auf den Grund gegangen.Ein zentraler Befund ist, dass die Berufsentscheidung weniger durch „externe“ Faktoren erschwert wird (Noten-Defizite, Druck der Eltern, fehlende Unterstützung), sondern primär auf persönliche Unsicherheiten zurückzuführen ist. Zugespitzt formuliert beschäftigt die Jugendlichen vor allem die folgende Frage: Was will und kann ich eigentlich, und zu welchen Berufen passt das?Auf Basis der Studienergebnisse werden Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert.
Berufsorientierung von HauptschülerInnen: Zur Bedeutung von Eltern, Peers und ethnischer Herkunft
by Maria RichterMaria Richter betrachtet in ihrer empirischen Studie den Berufsorientierungsprozess von HauptschülerInnen und analysiert, ob diesbezüglich Unterschiede zwischen Jugendlichen verschiedener ethnischer Herkunft bestehen. Besonders in den Fokus rückt die Autorin den Einfluss der Eltern und Peers. Ihre Analysen zeigen, dass vorhandene Defizite bei Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund vor allem auf geringere Kenntnisse der Eltern über das deutsche Ausbildungssystem sowie eine fehlende Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt zurückgeführt werden können. Zudem weisen die Ergebnisse auf institutionelle Kompositionseffekte hin, d. h., die Zusammensetzung der Schülerschaft einer Schulklasse ist relevant. Insbesondere Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund profitieren von den berufsrelevanten Kenntnissen ihrer MitschulerInnen. Maria Richter liefert damit neue Erkenntnisse zum Berufsorientierungsprozess von HaupschülerInnen.
Berufswahl und Fluchtmigration: Berufspragmatismus geflüchteter Jugendlicher in Berufsvorbereitungsklassen (Inklusion und Bildung in Migrationsgesellschaften)
by Katharina WehkingKatharina Wehking beschäftigt sich in ihrer Studie mit den Berufsvorstellungen, Handlungsstrategien und Einflüssen auf die Berufswahlentscheidung junger Geflüchteter in Berufsvorbereitungsklassen. Die mit dem Forschungsstil der Grounded Theory rekonstruierten Daten zeigen, dass aufgrund restriktiver Bedingungen des Migrations- und Übergangsregimes sowie eines Zeit- und Handlungsdrucks bei jungen Geflüchteten kaum von einer Berufswahl, als vielmehr von einem Berufspragmatismus gesprochen werden kann. Sie schreiben der Ausbildung jedoch hohe Funktionalität zu, um Passung zum Ankunftskontext herzustellen und Berufswünsche in der Zukunft realisieren zu können. Die Studie leistet einen Beitrag zu einer bisher vernachlässigten Zielgruppe von Berufswählenden, die unter den Bedingungen von Fluchtmigration ihr Verhältnis zu Arbeit und Beruf gestalten müssen.
Berührbarkeit als conditio humana: Emotionale Phänomene in Hannah Arendts politischem Denken (Praktiken der Subjektivierung #24)
by Héla HeckerHannah Arendts leidenschaftliches Denken offenbart sich in ihrem Werk u.a. durch die häufige Nennung emotionaler Phänomene wie Wut, Liebe, Mut oder Mitleid. Bislang wurde diese affektive Argumentationsebene jedoch nicht systematisch untersucht. Héla Hecker argumentiert dafür, dass Arendt Gefühle und Affekte nicht als per se apolitisch, sondern als welteröffnende bzw. -verschließende Artikulationen einer grundsätzlich menschlichen Berührbarkeit bewertet. Das Politische ist der Bereich, in dem diese Berührbarkeit als conditio humana frei und geschützt gelebt werden kann. Gleichzeitig bürgt die Fähigkeit, sich vom Anderen und von der Welt berühren zu lassen, für die Möglichkeit von Freiheit und Neubeginn.
Beseelte Tiere: Umwelten und Netzwerke der Tierpsychologie (Cultural Animal Studies #13)
by Kristian KöchyDie Tierpsychologie ist zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts eine prominente Forschungsrichtung zwischen Biologie, Psychologie und Philosophie. Sie fragt nach psychischen Vermögen von Tieren. In essayhaften Studien zu namhaften Protagonisten werden im Buch Forschungskontexte der Tierpsychologie vorgestellt. Die ausgewählten Positionen verstehen menschliche Wahrnehmung ebenso gestalthaft wie die Forschungsgegenstände, die Tiere in ihren Umwelten. Das Buch untersucht Beziehungen von Philosophie und Wissenschaft, skizziert aber zudem eine Philosophie der Tierforschung, die die Interaktion von menschlichen und tierlichen Subjekten anerkennt.