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Challenging Authoritarianism in Mexico: Revolutionary Struggles and the Dirty War, 1964-1982
by Fernando Herrera Calderon Adela CedilloThe Cold War in Latin America spawned numerous authoritarian and military regimes in response to the ostensible threat of communism in the Western Hemisphere, and with that, a rigid national security doctrine was exported to Latin America by the United States. Between 1964 and 1985, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uraguay experienced a period of state-sponsored terrorism commonly referred to as the "dirty wars." Thousands of leftists, students, intellectuals, workers, peasants, labor leaders, and innocent civilians were harassed, arrested, tortured, raped, murdered, or 'disappeared.' Many studies have been done about this phenomenon in the other areas of Latin America, but strangely, Mexico's dirty war has been excluded from this particular scholarship. Here for the first time is a sustained look at this period and consideration of the many facets that make up the nearly two decades of the Mexican dirty war. Offering the reader a broad perspective of the period, the case studies in the book present narratives of particular armed revolutionary movements as well as thematic essays on gender, human rights, culture, student radicalism, the Cold War, and the international impact of this state-sponsored terrorism.
Challenging Authoritarianism in Mexico: Revolutionary Struggles and the Dirty War, 1964-1982
by Fernando Herrera Calderón Adela CedilloThe Cold War in Latin America spawned numerous authoritarian and military regimes in response to the ostensible threat of communism in the Western Hemisphere, and with that, a rigid national security doctrine was exported to Latin America by the United States. Between 1964 and 1985, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uraguay experienced a period of state-sponsored terrorism commonly referred to as the "dirty wars." Thousands of leftists, students, intellectuals, workers, peasants, labor leaders, and innocent civilians were harassed, arrested, tortured, raped, murdered, or 'disappeared.' Many studies have been done about this phenomenon in the other areas of Latin America, but strangely, Mexico's dirty war has been excluded from this particular scholarship. Here for the first time is a sustained look at this period and consideration of the many facets that make up the nearly two decades of the Mexican dirty war. Offering the reader a broad perspective of the period, the case studies in the book present narratives of particular armed revolutionary movements as well as thematic essays on gender, human rights, culture, student radicalism, the Cold War, and the international impact of this state-sponsored terrorism.
Challenging Authorities: Ethnographies of Legitimacy and Power in Eastern and Southern Africa
by Arne S. Steinforth Sabine Klocke-DaffaWhen the notion of ‘alternative facts’ and the alleged dawning of a ‘postfactual’ world entered public discourse, social anthropologists found themselves in unexpectedly familiar territory. In theirempirical experience, fact—knowledge accepted as true—derives its salience from social mechanisms of legitimization, thereby demonstrating a deep interconnection with power and authority. In thisperspective, fact is a continually contested and volatile social category.Due to the specific histories of their colonial and post-independence experience, African societies offer a particularly broad array of insights into social processes of juxtaposition, opposition, and even outright competition between different postulated authorities. The contributions to the present volume explore the variety of ways in which authority is contested in Southern and Eastern Africa, investigating localized discourses on which institution, what kind of knowledge, or whose expertise is accepted as authoritative, thus highlighting the specificities and pluralities in ‘modern’ societies. This edited volume engages with larger theoretical questions regarding power and authority in the context of (post)colonial states (neo)traditional authority, claiming space, conflict and (in)justice, and contestations of knowledge. It offers in-depth critical analyses of ethnographic data that put contemporary African phenomena on equal footing with current controversies in North America, Europe, and other global settings.
Challenging Boundaries: Managing the integration of post-secondary education
by Neil Garrod Bruce MacfarlaneThis edited volume will be an important and key resource for managers, researchers, and policy makers in the field of Higher Education and Further Education. It offers insights into a radical new way of organizing post-compulsory education on an international basis that directly promotes a social justice agenda (i.e., widening of student participation). Around the world post-compulsory education is divided between Universities and Community-based Colleges. Universities are typically concerned with "higher" education, while community based colleges focus on "further" and technical education. In response to a range of social and economic forces there has been a growth in the number of dual sector institutions (or "duals") that span this divide. Challenging Boundaries brings together leading international thinkers, policy analysts, academic managers, and researchers who question whether duals can provide relevant education to students and appropriate graduates for the economy, while also offering greater opportunities to disadvantaged students. Challenging Boundaries provides an analysis of the potential of "dual sector" institutions in North America, UK, South Africa, and Australasia. This volume draws on the very latest research findings and effectively looks to: Challenge conventional thinking about post-compulsory education Demonstrate how a number of institutions internationally are addressing the organizational, managerial, and cultural challenges of operating as dual sector universities Combine the latest research in the field from a range of international scholars with operational insights from university leaders Provide a key resource for education policy makers and researchers and students of educational policy and management at masters and doctoral level
Challenging Boundaries: Managing the integration of post-secondary education
by Neil Garrod Bruce MacfarlaneThis edited volume will be an important and key resource for managers, researchers, and policy makers in the field of Higher Education and Further Education. It offers insights into a radical new way of organizing post-compulsory education on an international basis that directly promotes a social justice agenda (i.e., widening of student participation). Around the world post-compulsory education is divided between Universities and Community-based Colleges. Universities are typically concerned with "higher" education, while community based colleges focus on "further" and technical education. In response to a range of social and economic forces there has been a growth in the number of dual sector institutions (or "duals") that span this divide. Challenging Boundaries brings together leading international thinkers, policy analysts, academic managers, and researchers who question whether duals can provide relevant education to students and appropriate graduates for the economy, while also offering greater opportunities to disadvantaged students. Challenging Boundaries provides an analysis of the potential of "dual sector" institutions in North America, UK, South Africa, and Australasia. This volume draws on the very latest research findings and effectively looks to: Challenge conventional thinking about post-compulsory education Demonstrate how a number of institutions internationally are addressing the organizational, managerial, and cultural challenges of operating as dual sector universities Combine the latest research in the field from a range of international scholars with operational insights from university leaders Provide a key resource for education policy makers and researchers and students of educational policy and management at masters and doctoral level
Challenging Capacity Building: Comparative Perspectives (Rethinking International Development series)
by Sue Kenny & Matthew ClarkeInterrogates the idea of capacity building theoretically and explores the variety of meanings, constructions and practices of capacity building. This book examines capacity building in both developing and developed countries and takes the position that fragile communities are present in all societies.
Challenging choices: Ideology, consumerism and policy
by Michael ClarkeChoice pervades our society: it is founded on political rights to choose and our economy on market choices, but we have now reached the point where choice is extended almost everywhere. This lively and topical book provides a critique of choice in contemporary society and policy, arguing that we can have too much of a good thing. And there are alternatives. In part one, the author shows how choice works at a personal level, its demands, and how it can fail. By examining healthcare, education and pensions, he then explores the alternatives, such as provision. In part two the book reviews the impact of choice through the life cycle, in areas such as careers, relationships fertility, retirement and death. The author considers whether this enhances or burdens our lives, and questions the assumption that more choice is always for the better.
Challenging choices: Ideology, consumerism and policy
by Michael ClarkeChoice pervades our society: it is founded on political rights to choose and our economy on market choices, but we have now reached the point where choice is extended almost everywhere. This lively and topical book provides a critique of choice in contemporary society and policy, arguing that we can have too much of a good thing. And there are alternatives. In part one, the author shows how choice works at a personal level, its demands, and how it can fail. By examining healthcare, education and pensions, he then explores the alternatives, such as provision. In part two the book reviews the impact of choice through the life cycle, in areas such as careers, relationships fertility, retirement and death. The author considers whether this enhances or burdens our lives, and questions the assumption that more choice is always for the better.
Challenging Citizens: The Case Study of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland (Central and Eastern European Perspectives on International Relations)
by Pavel Šaradín Hana Hurtíková Michal Soukop Markéta Zapletalová Agnieszka Zogata-Kusz Ewa GanowiczThe book aims to complement the existing research on democratic innovations mainly by making unique comparative analyses of the democratic innovations at the local level in selected European post-communist countries, i.e. the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Democratic innovations can help overcome political apathy, decreased confidence in democracy and improve efficiency of governance. We traditionally consider cities and municipalities to be cradles of democracy and connect them with deliberations on the further development of democratic theory and political practice. We therefore argue that the local level is a suitable arena and laboratory for both changes of institutional settings within the traditional model of representative democracy, and the structural changes, which concern changing relations between local representatives and citizens.
Challenging Colonial Administrative Behavior in Bangladesh
by Hasanuzzaman ZamanThis book studies public policy and administration in Bangladesh. It studies how, despite recording high-levels of corruption persistently, some governments in least developed countries (LDCs) like Bangladesh have achieved impressive online transformation level, through digital, electronic or e-Government implementation. The book investigates the historical and political context, and examines the different policies and strategies adopted by successive governments of Bangladesh for facilitating digital service delivery transformation of traditional, paper-based, circuitous public service delivery processes. It reviews public administration reforms introduced over several decades, and other initiatives launched with the specific objective of improving service delivery management. The volume also contextualizes the new e-Government development initiatives in light of the various approaches such as traditional public administration, new public management, digital era governance, new public governance, and design thinking. Drawing on a host of published and unpublished materials, interviews with senior public officials, academics, representatives of international donor agencies, think tanks and non-governmental organizations, and a survey of more than 400 plus bureaucrats, the book analyzes the progress of digital government in Bangladesh from a soft, behavioral perspective. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of public policy and public administration, politics, innovation, and South Asian studies. It will be an essential reading for bureaucrats and government officials, as well as think tanks and NGOs.
Challenging Colonial Administrative Behavior in Bangladesh
by Hasanuzzaman ZamanThis book studies public policy and administration in Bangladesh. It studies how, despite recording high-levels of corruption persistently, some governments in least developed countries (LDCs) like Bangladesh have achieved impressive online transformation level, through digital, electronic or e-Government implementation. The book investigates the historical and political context, and examines the different policies and strategies adopted by successive governments of Bangladesh for facilitating digital service delivery transformation of traditional, paper-based, circuitous public service delivery processes. It reviews public administration reforms introduced over several decades, and other initiatives launched with the specific objective of improving service delivery management. The volume also contextualizes the new e-Government development initiatives in light of the various approaches such as traditional public administration, new public management, digital era governance, new public governance, and design thinking. Drawing on a host of published and unpublished materials, interviews with senior public officials, academics, representatives of international donor agencies, think tanks and non-governmental organizations, and a survey of more than 400 plus bureaucrats, the book analyzes the progress of digital government in Bangladesh from a soft, behavioral perspective. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of public policy and public administration, politics, innovation, and South Asian studies. It will be an essential reading for bureaucrats and government officials, as well as think tanks and NGOs.
Challenging Consumption: Pathways to a more Sustainable Future (Routledge Studies in Sustainability)
by Anna R. Davies Frances Fahy Henrike RauSustainable consumption is a central research topic in academic discourses of sustainable development and global environmental change. Informed by a number of disciplinary perspectives, this book is structured around four key themes in sustainable consumption research: Living, Moving, Dwelling and Futures. The collection successfully balances theoretical insights with grounded case studies, on mobility, heating, washing and eating practices, and concludes by exploring future sustainable consumption research pathways and policy recommendations. Theoretical frameworks are advanced throughout the volume, especially in relation to social practice theory, theories of behavioural change and innovative visioning and backcasting methodologies. This groundbreaking book draws on some conceptual approaches which move beyond the responsibility of the individual consumer to take into account wider social, economic and political structures and processes in order to highlight both possibilities for and challenges to sustainable consumption. This approach enables students and policy-makers alike to easily recognise the applicability of social science theories.
Challenging Consumption: Pathways to a more Sustainable Future (Routledge Studies in Sustainability)
by Anna R. Davies Frances Fahy Henrike RauSustainable consumption is a central research topic in academic discourses of sustainable development and global environmental change. Informed by a number of disciplinary perspectives, this book is structured around four key themes in sustainable consumption research: Living, Moving, Dwelling and Futures. The collection successfully balances theoretical insights with grounded case studies, on mobility, heating, washing and eating practices, and concludes by exploring future sustainable consumption research pathways and policy recommendations. Theoretical frameworks are advanced throughout the volume, especially in relation to social practice theory, theories of behavioural change and innovative visioning and backcasting methodologies. This groundbreaking book draws on some conceptual approaches which move beyond the responsibility of the individual consumer to take into account wider social, economic and political structures and processes in order to highlight both possibilities for and challenges to sustainable consumption. This approach enables students and policy-makers alike to easily recognise the applicability of social science theories.
Challenging Democracy in Early Childhood Education: Engagement in Changing Global Contexts (International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development #28)
by Valerie Margrain Annica Löfdahl HultmanThis book explores how concepts and values of contemporary democracy are variously understood and applied in diverse cultural contexts, with a focus on children and childhood and diversity. Drawing on a range of methodological approaches relevant to early childhood education, it discusses young children's engagement and voice. The book identifies existing practices, strengths, theories and considerations in democracy in early childhood education and childhood, highlighting the democratic participation of children in cultural contexts. Further, it illustrates how democracy can be evident in early childhood practices and interactions across a range of curriculum contexts and perspectives, and considers ways of advancing and sustaining practices with positive transformational opportunities to benefit children and wider ecological systems.It offers readers insights into what democracy and citizenship look like in lived experience, and the issues affecting practice and encouraging reflection and advocacy.
Challenging European Citizenship: Ideas and Realities in Contrast (Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics)
by Agustín José Menéndez Espen D. OlsenThis book provides a critique of the way in which European citizenship is imagined and practiced. Setting their analysis in its full historical context, the authors challenge preconceived ideas about European citizenship on the basis of a detailed reconstruction of political, social and economic practice. In particular, they show the extent to which the elimination of formal internal borders within Europe has come hand in glove with the emergence of new socio-economic boundaries and the hardening of external borders. The book concludes with a number of concrete proposals to forge a genuinely post-national form of membership.
Challenging Formalization in Education and Beyond: Problems and Solutions for Traditional and Online Learning
by Peter SerdyukovChallenging Formalization in Education and Beyond addresses the effects of today’s attempts to organize knowledge, processes, and performance in education, particularly in its ever-growing digital environments. As on-site, blended, and fully online learning become deeply interdependent, secondary and higher education managers and instructors who seek to integrate, apply, and teach within these formats using standardized rules, assessments, algorithms, and accountability structures may be doing unintended harm to their students. Focusing on students’ performance, health, cognition, behavior, and learning outcomes, this book analyses how current trends, methods, and policies in formalization can be challenged and corrected to ensure high-quality education. Scholars, educators, administrators, and designers of traditional, asynchronous, precision, automated, and micro-learning formats will come away with new insights and pragmatic solutions for engaging students in more active, participatory, and creative activities.
Challenging Formalization in Education and Beyond: Problems and Solutions for Traditional and Online Learning
by Peter SerdyukovChallenging Formalization in Education and Beyond addresses the effects of today’s attempts to organize knowledge, processes, and performance in education, particularly in its ever-growing digital environments. As on-site, blended, and fully online learning become deeply interdependent, secondary and higher education managers and instructors who seek to integrate, apply, and teach within these formats using standardized rules, assessments, algorithms, and accountability structures may be doing unintended harm to their students. Focusing on students’ performance, health, cognition, behavior, and learning outcomes, this book analyses how current trends, methods, and policies in formalization can be challenged and corrected to ensure high-quality education. Scholars, educators, administrators, and designers of traditional, asynchronous, precision, automated, and micro-learning formats will come away with new insights and pragmatic solutions for engaging students in more active, participatory, and creative activities.
Challenging Global Development: Towards Decoloniality and Justice (EADI Global Development Series)
by Henning Melber Uma Kothari Laura Camfield Kees BiekartThis open access book presents contributions to decolonize development studies. It seeks to promote and sustain new forms of solidarity and conviviality that work towards achieving social justice.Recognising global poverty and inequalities as historic injustices, the book addresses how these can be challenged through teaching, research, and engagement in policy and practice, and the sorts of political barriers these might encounter. From a variety of perspectives and contexts, these chapters examine how decoloniality and solidarity can be developed, offering in-depth historical, theoretical, epistemological, and empirical analyses.
Challenging Global Finance: Civil Society and Transnational Networks (International Political Economy Series)
by Elizabeth FriesenFriesen demonstrates how transnational CSOs and NGOs can influence the context in which international political decisions are made. She shows how, by reframing the issues, the transnational campaign for the cancellation of third world debt altered the dominant discourse, shifted the agenda and thereby shaped political outcomes.
Challenging Global Inequality: Development Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (PDF)
by Alastair Greig David Hulme Mark TurnerThis major introductory text written by three leading names in the field provides an accessible overview of the challenges faced in overcoming global poverty and inequality in the twenty-first century. Through an in-depth assessment of development theory and practice, the authors set out to advance two key arguments: the first being the importance of historically contextualizing contemporary developmental problems in order to assess policy proposals; and the second that inequality matters, and how this notion has continually remained a central feature of development debates from colonial times to present day. Ideal for undergraduate students taking development modules as part of Political Science and International Relations degrees, this engaging text proves to be essential reading when exploring the impacts of development on today's international political economy. With each chapter covering inequalities from all different angles, the authors clearly outline the impact of models such as globalization and neoliberalism, as well as offering alternative views on the challenges posed by the UN's Millennium Development Goals.
Challenging governance theory: From networks to hegemony
by Jonathan S. DaviesTheories heralding the rise of network governance have dominated for a generation. Yet, empirical research suggests that claims for the transformative potential of networks are exaggerated. This topical and timely book takes a critical look at contemporary governance theory, elaborating a Gramscian alternative. It argues that, although the ideology of networks has been a vital element in the neoliberal hegemonic project, there are major structural impediments to accomplishing it. While networking remains important, the hierarchical and coercive state is vital for the maintenance of social order and integral to the institutions of contemporary governance. Reconsidering it from Marxist and Gramscian perspectives, the book argues that the hegemonic ideology of networks is utopian and rejects the claim that there has been a transformation from 'government' to 'governance'. This important book has international appeal and will be essential reading for scholars and students of governance, public policy, human geography, public management, social policy and sociology.
Challenging governance theory: From networks to hegemony
by Jonathan S. DaviesTheories heralding the rise of network governance have dominated for a generation. Yet, empirical research suggests that claims for the transformative potential of networks are exaggerated. This topical and timely book takes a critical look at contemporary governance theory, elaborating a Gramscian alternative. It argues that, although the ideology of networks has been a vital element in the neoliberal hegemonic project, there are major structural impediments to accomplishing it. While networking remains important, the hierarchical and coercive state is vital for the maintenance of social order and integral to the institutions of contemporary governance. Reconsidering it from Marxist and Gramscian perspectives, the book argues that the hegemonic ideology of networks is utopian and rejects the claim that there has been a transformation from 'government' to 'governance'. This important book has international appeal and will be essential reading for scholars and students of governance, public policy, human geography, public management, social policy and sociology.
Challenging Inequality: Variation across Postindustrial Societies
by Evelyne Huber John D. StephensA wide-ranging examination of how policies, parties, and labor strength affect inequality in post-industrial societies. Not all countries are unequal in the same ways or to the same degree. In Challenging Inequality, Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens analyze different patterns of increasing income inequality in post-industrial societies since the 1980s, assessing the policies and social structures best able to mitigate against the worst effects of market inequality. Combining statistical data analysis from twenty-two countries with a comparative historical analysis of Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United States, Huber and Stephens identify the factors that drive increases in inequality and shape persistent, marked differences between countries. Their statistical analysis confirms generalizable patterns and in-depth country studies help to further elucidate the processes at work. Challenging Inequality shows how the combination of globalization and skill-biased technological change has led to both labor market dualization and rising unemployment levels, which in turn have had important effects on inequality and poverty. Labor strength—at both the society level and the enterprise level—has helped to counter rising market income inequality, as has a history of strong human capital spending. The generosity of the welfare state remains the most important factor shaping redistribution, while the consistent power of left parties is the common denominator behind both welfare state generosity and human capital investment.
Challenging Inequality: Variation across Postindustrial Societies
by Evelyne Huber John D. StephensA wide-ranging examination of how policies, parties, and labor strength affect inequality in post-industrial societies. Not all countries are unequal in the same ways or to the same degree. In Challenging Inequality, Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens analyze different patterns of increasing income inequality in post-industrial societies since the 1980s, assessing the policies and social structures best able to mitigate against the worst effects of market inequality. Combining statistical data analysis from twenty-two countries with a comparative historical analysis of Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United States, Huber and Stephens identify the factors that drive increases in inequality and shape persistent, marked differences between countries. Their statistical analysis confirms generalizable patterns and in-depth country studies help to further elucidate the processes at work. Challenging Inequality shows how the combination of globalization and skill-biased technological change has led to both labor market dualization and rising unemployment levels, which in turn have had important effects on inequality and poverty. Labor strength—at both the society level and the enterprise level—has helped to counter rising market income inequality, as has a history of strong human capital spending. The generosity of the welfare state remains the most important factor shaping redistribution, while the consistent power of left parties is the common denominator behind both welfare state generosity and human capital investment.
Challenging Institutional Analysis and Development: The Bloomington School
by Paul Dragos Aligica Peter J. BoettkeChallenging Institutional Analysis and Development demonstrates the importance of one of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics winners Elinor Ostrom's research program. The Bloomington School has become one of the most dynamic, well recognized and productive centers of the New Institutional Theory movement. Its ascendancy is considered to be the result of a unique and extremely successful combination of interdisciplinary theoretical approaches and hard-nosed empiricism. This book demonstrates that the well-known interdisciplinary and empirical agenda of the Bloomington Research Program is the result of a less-known but very bold proposition: an attempt to revitalize and extend into the new millennium a traditional mode of analysis illustrated by authors like Locke, Montesquieu, Hume, Adam Smith, Hamilton, Madison and Tocqueville. As such, the School tries to synthesize the traditional perspectives with the contemporary developments in social sciences and thus to re-ignite the old approach in the new intellectual and political context of the twentieth century. The book presents an outline and a systematic analysis of the vision behind the Bloomington Research Program in Institutional Analysis and Development, explaining its basic assumptions and its main themes as well as the foundational philosophy that frames its research questions and theoretical and methodological approaches. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of social science, especially those in the fields of economics, political sciences, sociology and public administration.