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Conditional Citizens: Rethinking Children and Young People’s Participation (Perspectives on Children and Young People #5)

by Catherine Hartung

This book challenges readers to recognise the conditions that underpin popular approaches to children and young people’s participation, as well as the key processes and institutions that have enabled its rise as a global force of social change in new times. The book draws on the vast international literature, as well as interviews with key practitioners, policy-makers, activists, delegates and academics from Japan, South Africa, Brazil, Nicaragua, Australia, the United Kingdom, Finland, the United States and Italy to examine the emergence of the young citizen as a key global priority in the work of the UN, NGOs, government and academia. In so doing, the book engages contemporary and interdisciplinary debates around citizenship, rights, childhood and youth to examine the complex conditions through which children and young people are governed and invited to govern themselves. The book argues that much of what is considered ‘children and young people’s participation’ today is part of a wider neoliberal project that emphasises an ideal young citizen who is responsible and rational while simultaneously downplaying the role of systemic inequality and potentially reinforcing rather than overcoming children and young people’s subjugation. Yet the book also moves beyond mere critique and offers suggestive ways to broaden our understanding of children and young people’s participation by drawing on 15 international examples of empirical research from around the world, including the Philippines, Bangladesh, the United Kingdom, North America, Finland, South Africa, Australia and Latin America. These examples provoke practitioners, policy-makers and academics to think differently about children and young people and the possibilities for their participatory citizenship beyond that which serves the political agendas of dominant interest groups.

Conditionality and the Ambitions of Governance: Social Transformation in Southeastern Europe (International Political Economy Series)

by Joel T. Shelton

Shelton investigates the conditionality regime directed at 'transforming societies' inside EU candidate states. He offers a new understanding of conditionality that incorporates the social and subjective dimensions of the 'European project', locating the ambitions and limits of conditionality in the ideas of political economy.

Conditionality & Coercion: Electoral clientelism in Eastern Europe (Oxford Studies in Democratization)

by Isabela Mares Lauren E. Young

In many recent democracies, candidates compete for office using illegal strategies to influence voters. In Hungary and Romania, local actors including mayors and bureaucrats offer access to social policy benefits to voters who offer to support their preferred candidates, and they threaten others with the loss of a range of policy and private benefits for voting the "wrong" way. These quid pro quo exchanges are often called clientelism. How can politicians and their accomplices get away with such illegal campaigning in otherwise democratic, competitive elections? When do they rely on the worst forms of clientelism that involve threatening voters and manipulating public benefits? Conditionality and Coercion: Electoral Clientelism in Eastern Europe uses a mixed method approach to understand how illegal forms of campaigning including vote buying and electoral coercion persist in two democratic countries in the European Union. It argues that we must disaggregate clientelistic strategies based on whether they use public or private resources, and whether they involve positive promises or negative threats and coercion. We document that the type of clientelistic strategies that candidates and brokers use varies systematically across localities based on their underlying social coalitions. We also show that voters assess and sanction different forms of clientelism in different ways. Voters glean information about politicians' personal characteristics and their policy preferences from the clientelistic strategies these candidates deploy. Most voters judge candidates who use clientelism harshly. So how does clientelism, including its most odious coercive forms, persist in democratic systems? This book suggests that politicians can get away with clientelism by using forms of it that are in line with the policy preferences of constituencies whose votes they need. Clientelistic and programmatic strategies are not as distinct as previous have argued. Oxford Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization process that accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus of the series is primarily Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The series editor is Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.

Conditionality & Coercion: Electoral clientelism in Eastern Europe (Oxford Studies in Democratization)

by Isabela Mares Lauren E. Young

In many recent democracies, candidates compete for office using illegal strategies to influence voters. In Hungary and Romania, local actors including mayors and bureaucrats offer access to social policy benefits to voters who offer to support their preferred candidates, and they threaten others with the loss of a range of policy and private benefits for voting the "wrong" way. These quid pro quo exchanges are often called clientelism. How can politicians and their accomplices get away with such illegal campaigning in otherwise democratic, competitive elections? When do they rely on the worst forms of clientelism that involve threatening voters and manipulating public benefits? Conditionality and Coercion: Electoral Clientelism in Eastern Europe uses a mixed method approach to understand how illegal forms of campaigning including vote buying and electoral coercion persist in two democratic countries in the European Union. It argues that we must disaggregate clientelistic strategies based on whether they use public or private resources, and whether they involve positive promises or negative threats and coercion. We document that the type of clientelistic strategies that candidates and brokers use varies systematically across localities based on their underlying social coalitions. We also show that voters assess and sanction different forms of clientelism in different ways. Voters glean information about politicians' personal characteristics and their policy preferences from the clientelistic strategies these candidates deploy. Most voters judge candidates who use clientelism harshly. So how does clientelism, including its most odious coercive forms, persist in democratic systems? This book suggests that politicians can get away with clientelism by using forms of it that are in line with the policy preferences of constituencies whose votes they need. Clientelistic and programmatic strategies are not as distinct as previous have argued. Oxford Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization process that accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus of the series is primarily Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The series editor is Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.

Conditionality, the EU and Turkey: From Transformation to Retrenchment (Critical European Studies)

by Rahime Süleymanoğlu-Kürüm

Turkey has been a critical case to study to assess the impact of EU conditionality on non-member states, but has lost its visibility following the debates on the detachment of Turkey from the EU gradually since 2005. This book studies Turkey–EU relations in the area of foreign policy from 1987 when Turkey applied for full membership and expanding to the present-day retrenchment of Turkey from the EU. It provides a unique perspective in looking to explain the entirety of the EU–Turkey relations during this period, covering both transformation and retrenchment of Turkish foreign policy from the EU requirements. The book further illustrates that the conditionality mechanism is still relevant to study EU–Turkey relations, and when applied systematically, can map both attachment and detachment from the EU. It is also critical to understand how Turkey has distanced itself from the EU gradually and incrementally. This book is of key interest to scholars and students of EU foreign policy, Turkish foreign policy, conditionality, foreign policy analysis, Turkish–EU relations, the ENP and more broadly to international relations.

Conditionality, the EU and Turkey: From Transformation to Retrenchment (Critical European Studies)

by Rahime Süleymanoğlu-Kürüm

Turkey has been a critical case to study to assess the impact of EU conditionality on non-member states, but has lost its visibility following the debates on the detachment of Turkey from the EU gradually since 2005. This book studies Turkey–EU relations in the area of foreign policy from 1987 when Turkey applied for full membership and expanding to the present-day retrenchment of Turkey from the EU. It provides a unique perspective in looking to explain the entirety of the EU–Turkey relations during this period, covering both transformation and retrenchment of Turkish foreign policy from the EU requirements. The book further illustrates that the conditionality mechanism is still relevant to study EU–Turkey relations, and when applied systematically, can map both attachment and detachment from the EU. It is also critical to understand how Turkey has distanced itself from the EU gradually and incrementally. This book is of key interest to scholars and students of EU foreign policy, Turkish foreign policy, conditionality, foreign policy analysis, Turkish–EU relations, the ENP and more broadly to international relations.

The Conditions for School Success: Examining Educational Exclusion and Dropping Out

by Aina Tarabini

This book analyses the role played by schools themselves in the high rates of educational exclusion and dropping out that affects many European education systems. The author frames the analysis according to three aspects of justice – redistribution, recognition and care – to explore both how teachers explain and react to the processes of educational failure and early school leaving, and how young people make sense and cope with the same failures. Using extensive qualitative data from schools in the Barcelona area, the author analyses the impact of school segregation, methods for managing diversity and teaching expectations: and subsequently how they can contribute to the production and reproduction of the risks of failure and ESL in contemporary education systems. This book will be of interest and value to students and scholars of educational exclusion, as well as school leaders.

The Conditions of Democracy in Europe 1919-39: Systematic Case Studies (Advances in Political Science)

by D. Berg-Schlosser J. Mitchell

Why did democracy survive in some European countries between the wars while fascism or authoritarianism emerged elsewhere? This innovative study approaches this question through the comparative analysis of the inter-war experience of eighteen countries within a common comprehensive analytical framework. It combines (social and economic) structure- and (political) actor-related aspects to provide detailed historical accounts of each case which serve as background information for the systematic testing of major theories of fascism and democracy.

The Condor Trials: Transnational Repression and Human Rights in South America

by Francesca Lessa

Stories of transnational terror and justice illuminate the past and present of South America’s struggles for human rights. Through the voices of survivors, human rights activists, judicial actors, and experts, The Condor Trials unravels the secrets of transnational repression masterminded by South American dictators between 1969 and 1981. Under Operation Condor, the regimes of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay closely monitored hundreds of exiles and kidnapped, tortured, murdered, or forcibly returned them to their countries of origin. This cross-border network designed to silence opposition in exile transformed South America into a borderless zone of terror and impunity. Francesca Lessa shows how, gradually, transnational networks of activists materialized and effectively transcended national borders to achieve justice for the victims of these horrors. Based on extensive fieldwork, archival research, trial ethnography, and over 100 interviews, The Condor Trials explores South America’s past and present and sheds light on ongoing struggles for justice as its societies come to terms with the unparalleled atrocities of their not-so-distant pasts.

Condorcet's Paradox (Theory and Decision Library C #40)

by William V. Gehrlein

The book compiles research on Condorcet's Paradox over some two centuries. It begins with a historical overview of the discovery of Condorcet's Paradox in the 18th Century, reviews numerous studies conducted to find actual occurrences of the paradox, and compiles research that has been done to develop mathematical representations for the probability that the paradox will be observed. Combines all approaches that have been used to study this very interesting phenomenon.

Conduct Disorders in Youth

by Lourens Schlebusch

Conduct Disorders in Youth deals with the maladaptive behavior, delinquency and other forms of waywardness in youth. It features significant contributions from the research literature relating to the subject in general and to the South African situation in particular. This book is organized into three main parts. The chapters evaluate the usefulness of some psychological tests such as the I PAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ) and the High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) as diagnostic instruments. They also provide an inventory of behavioral characteristics that can help in identifying symptoms of conduct disorders. This book also features a detailed discussion of two clinical case histories to exemplify the main points formulated in the text. This book will be of interest to students reading for degrees and diplomas in psychology, education, psychiatry, social work, psychiatric nursing, sociology and criminology.

The Conduct of Hostilities in International Humanitarian Law, Volume I

by Wolff Heintschel Heinegg

This volume is the first of two addressing the legal regime governing the use of force during armed conflicts. Traditionally labeled 'Hague Law', today the norms it examines are commonly referred to as 'conduct of hostilities rules'. At the heart of this body of law is the principle of distinction, which requires that civilians and civilian objects be distinguished from combatants and military objectives during military operations. It is the purest expression of the foundational balance between humanitarian considerations and military necessity that has underpinned international humanitarian law since its inception. The essays selected consider the theoretical and practical difficulties of maintaining the balance in the face of evolving means and methods of warfare and competing perspectives as to how it is best achieved. Also addressed is the law governing warfare at sea and in the air. Essays focusing on the former examine early norms and analyze their continuing relevance to today's maritime operations whilst those exploring the latter inject much needed clarity into the subject, an essential task in light of the centrality of aerial warfare in modern combat operations.

The Conduct of Hostilities in International Humanitarian Law, Volume I

by Wolff Heintschel Heinegg

This volume is the first of two addressing the legal regime governing the use of force during armed conflicts. Traditionally labeled 'Hague Law', today the norms it examines are commonly referred to as 'conduct of hostilities rules'. At the heart of this body of law is the principle of distinction, which requires that civilians and civilian objects be distinguished from combatants and military objectives during military operations. It is the purest expression of the foundational balance between humanitarian considerations and military necessity that has underpinned international humanitarian law since its inception. The essays selected consider the theoretical and practical difficulties of maintaining the balance in the face of evolving means and methods of warfare and competing perspectives as to how it is best achieved. Also addressed is the law governing warfare at sea and in the air. Essays focusing on the former examine early norms and analyze their continuing relevance to today's maritime operations whilst those exploring the latter inject much needed clarity into the subject, an essential task in light of the centrality of aerial warfare in modern combat operations.

The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict (PDF)

by Yoram Dinstein

This is the leading textbook on the law of international armed conflict. Covering the key principles of the law, and exploring its application in recent examples of hostilities such as Iraq and Afghanistan, it is essential reading for all students of the subject.

The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics (New International Relations)

by Patrick Thaddeus Jackson

The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations first edition was winner of the ISA-Northeast’s Yale H. Ferguson Award, and the ISA Theory Section’s Best Book of the Year award. The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations provides an introduction to the philosophy of science issues and their implications for the study of global politics. The author draws attention to the problems caused by the misleading notion of a single unified scientific method, and proposes a framework that clarifies the variety of ways that IR scholars establish the authority and validity of their empirical claims. Jackson connects philosophical considerations with concrete issues of research design within neopositivist, critical realist, analyticist, and reflexive approaches to the study of world politics. Envisioning a pluralist science for a global IR field, this volume organizes the significant differences between methodological stances so as to promote internal consistency, public discussion, and worldly insight as the hallmarks of any scientific study of world politics. In this second edition, Jackson has centralised the philosophical history of the ‘science question’ into a single chapter, providing a clearer picture of the connections between contemporary concerns about the status of knowledge and classic philosophical debates about the relationship between human beings and the world they inhabit. The central chapters feature more detailed and pedagogically useful illustrations of the methodological positions discussed, making the book even better suited to clarify the philosophical distinctions with respect to which a scientific researcher must locate herself. The second edition will continue to be essential reading for all students and scholars of International Relations, Political Science and Philosophy of Science.

The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics (New International Relations)

by Patrick Thaddeus Jackson

The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations first edition was winner of the ISA-Northeast’s Yale H. Ferguson Award, and the ISA Theory Section’s Best Book of the Year award. The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations provides an introduction to the philosophy of science issues and their implications for the study of global politics. The author draws attention to the problems caused by the misleading notion of a single unified scientific method, and proposes a framework that clarifies the variety of ways that IR scholars establish the authority and validity of their empirical claims. Jackson connects philosophical considerations with concrete issues of research design within neopositivist, critical realist, analyticist, and reflexive approaches to the study of world politics. Envisioning a pluralist science for a global IR field, this volume organizes the significant differences between methodological stances so as to promote internal consistency, public discussion, and worldly insight as the hallmarks of any scientific study of world politics. In this second edition, Jackson has centralised the philosophical history of the ‘science question’ into a single chapter, providing a clearer picture of the connections between contemporary concerns about the status of knowledge and classic philosophical debates about the relationship between human beings and the world they inhabit. The central chapters feature more detailed and pedagogically useful illustrations of the methodological positions discussed, making the book even better suited to clarify the philosophical distinctions with respect to which a scientific researcher must locate herself. The second edition will continue to be essential reading for all students and scholars of International Relations, Political Science and Philosophy of Science.

The Conduct of War in the 21st Century: Kinetic, Connected and Synthetic (Routledge Advances in Defence Studies)

by Rob Johnson Tim Sweijs Martijn Kitzen

This book examines the key dimensions of 21st century war, and shows that orthodox thinking about war, particularly what it is and how it is fought, needs to be updated. Accelerating societal, economic, political and technological change affects how we prepare, equip and organise for war, as well as how we conduct war – both in its low-tech and high-tech forms, and whether it is with high intensity or low intensity. The volume examines changes in warfare by investigating the key features of the conduct of war during the first decades of the 21st century. Conceptually centred around the terms ‘kinetic’, ‘connected’ and ‘synthetic’, the analysis delves into a wide range of topics. The contributions discuss hybrid warfare, cyber and influence activities, machine learning and artificial intelligence, the use of armed drones and air power, the implications of the counterinsurgency experiences in Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria, as well as the consequences for law(fare) and decision making. This work will be of much interest to students of military and strategic studies, security studies and International Relations.

The Conduct of War in the 21st Century: Kinetic, Connected and Synthetic (Routledge Advances in Defence Studies)

by Rob Johnson, Martijn Kitzen and Tim Sweijs

This book examines the key dimensions of 21st century war, and shows that orthodox thinking about war, particularly what it is and how it is fought, needs to be updated. Accelerating societal, economic, political and technological change affects how we prepare, equip and organise for war, as well as how we conduct war – both in its low-tech and high-tech forms, and whether it is with high intensity or low intensity. The volume examines changes in warfare by investigating the key features of the conduct of war during the first decades of the 21st century. Conceptually centred around the terms ‘kinetic’, ‘connected’ and ‘synthetic’, the analysis delves into a wide range of topics. The contributions discuss hybrid warfare, cyber and influence activities, machine learning and artificial intelligence, the use of armed drones and air power, the implications of the counterinsurgency experiences in Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria, as well as the consequences for law(fare) and decision making. This work will be of much interest to students of military and strategic studies, security studies and International Relations.

Conduct Unbecoming – A Memoir by Desmond O’Malley: The Story of One of Ireland’s Most Extraordinary and Influential Politicians

by Desmond O'Malley

Conduct Unbecoming is a landmark political memoir from one of Ireland’s most outspoken and respected public figures, Desmond O’Malley.Born in Limerick in 1939, Desmond O’Malley went on to become the youngest Minister for Justice in Irish history and the founder of the Progressive Democrats, a hugely influential party in Irish politics. In this groundbreaking memoir, O’Malley recounts in funny, caustic and probing detail the stories, ideas and personalities of his political career.O’Malley leapt to prominence in 1970 as Jack Lynch’s young and fiercely principled Minister for Justice. His role in the Arms Crisis, recalled here, earned him the enmity of Charles Haughey, whose leadership of Fianna Fáil he attempted first to prevent, then challenge for the best part of a decade.Unable to arrest the Fianna Fáil’s slow retreat from what he saw as the high watermark of Jack Lynch’s leadership, O’Malley was finally ejected from the party in 1985 following his acclaimed ‘I stand by the republic’ address. He would found the Progressive Democrats several months later.Candid, combative and entertaining, Conduct Unbecoming is the must-read compelling account of Desmond O’Malley’s extraordinary career.Desmond O’Malley has given us a book that deserves a place on the short shelf of books written by Irish political leaders which gives us a genuine historical insight into the often murky realities of Irish political and commercial life. Tom Garvin, Emeritus Professor of Politics, University College DublinBooks by political insiders are too rare in Ireland. Good ones rarer still. This is one of the best. James Downey, Irish Independent The political autobiography of the year. Limerick LeaderUnlike many other recent political memoirs, this book pulls few punches … as an author his lack of tact, has translated into an asset. Gerard Howlin, Irish ExaminerA significant book by a formidable politician from a remarkable period in our history Pat Rabbitte TDThis is a book that anyone interested in modern politics must read. Justine McCarthy, The Sunday Times

Conducting and Financing Low-carbon Transitions in China: A Governmentality Perspective


Utilizing a governmentality lens, this timely book offers an explanation for China’s decarbonization performance in the early 21st century. Le-Yin Zhang investigates one of the most ambitious governing projects in history, analyzing the political rationalities of Chinese leaders for decarbonization and the governing techniques and technologies at multiple levels of governance. Demonstrating the potential of combining the use of juridical, administrative and governmental powers, Zhang holistically considers the success of the state in instigating low-carbon transitions in China and mitigating climate disaster. The book provides an in-depth exploration of the art of greening the Chinese financial system and how this links to a wider formulation of carbon governmentality, highlighting the rise of the carbon governmental state through a range of governmental technologies. Engaging with a wide range of primary data from both national and local levels, the author uncovers profound lessons in low-carbon transitions for other states in the making of a carbon neutral world. This cutting-edge book offers key insights for scholars and researchers of environmental governance and its importance in mitigating climate change, particularly those with a key focus on Chinese climate policy. It will also benefit government officials, researchers and consultants investigating potential avenues for low-carbon transition and climate action.

Conducting and Using Evaluative Site Visits: New Directions for Evaluation, Number 156 (J-B PE Single Issue (Program) Evaluation)

by Ev Randi K. Nelson Denise L. Roseland

Because site visits are used so extensively in evaluation and because the consequences of poorly planned and conducted site visits are dire for so many evaluation constituents, it is essential to "get it right." This issue discusses and defines site visits and what it means to get it right in planning, conducting, and using site visits in program evaluation. Learn about: strategies for a wide range of evaluation constituents who commission, plan, conduct, and use site visits implications of rigor, ethics, and quality of site visits challenges and possible solutions to problems linked to the high cost of commissioning site visits the potentially devastating consequences of poorly designed or implemented site visits. This is the 156th issue in the New Directions for Evaluation series from Jossey-Bass. It is an official publication of the American Evaluation Association.

Conducting and Using Evaluative Site Visits: New Directions for Evaluation, Number 156 (J-B PE Single Issue (Program) Evaluation)

by Randi K. Nelson Denise L. Roseland

Because site visits are used so extensively in evaluation and because the consequences of poorly planned and conducted site visits are dire for so many evaluation constituents, it is essential to "get it right." This issue discusses and defines site visits and what it means to get it right in planning, conducting, and using site visits in program evaluation. Learn about: strategies for a wide range of evaluation constituents who commission, plan, conduct, and use site visits implications of rigor, ethics, and quality of site visits challenges and possible solutions to problems linked to the high cost of commissioning site visits the potentially devastating consequences of poorly designed or implemented site visits. This is the 156th issue in the New Directions for Evaluation series from Jossey-Bass. It is an official publication of the American Evaluation Association.

Conducting Immigration Evaluations: A Practical Guide for Mental Health Professionals

by Mariela G. Shibley Matthew G. Holt

This book prepares mental health professionals to conduct a thorough psychological assessment of individuals involved in immigration proceedings and present the results in a professional report. Written by a licensed clinical psychologist with input from an attorney certified in Immigration and Nationality Law, the book uses clear language that makes it accessible to experienced and novice therapists alike. Chapters present a basic legal understanding of various types of immigration cases and detail the process of conducting the clinical interview, choosing the psychological instruments appropriate for each case, and writing the report. The book also covers practical considerations such as testifying in immigration court and expanding your practice to include immigration evaluations. Vignettes and sample reports link theory to real-world situations, drawing from the authors’ multiple years of combined experience. This book is an essential guide for clinicians who want to assist the diverse and often disempowered population of immigrants and their families.

Conducting Immigration Evaluations: A Practical Guide for Mental Health Professionals

by Mariela G. Shibley Matthew G. Holt

This book prepares mental health professionals to conduct a thorough psychological assessment of individuals involved in immigration proceedings and present the results in a professional report. Written by a licensed clinical psychologist with input from an attorney certified in Immigration and Nationality Law, the book uses clear language that makes it accessible to experienced and novice therapists alike. Chapters present a basic legal understanding of various types of immigration cases and detail the process of conducting the clinical interview, choosing the psychological instruments appropriate for each case, and writing the report. The book also covers practical considerations such as testifying in immigration court and expanding your practice to include immigration evaluations. Vignettes and sample reports link theory to real-world situations, drawing from the authors’ multiple years of combined experience. This book is an essential guide for clinicians who want to assist the diverse and often disempowered population of immigrants and their families.

Conducting Network Penetration and Espionage in a Global Environment

by Bruce Middleton

When it's all said and done, penetration testing remains the most effective way to identify security vulnerabilities in computer networks. Conducting Network Penetration and Espionage in a Global Environment provides detailed guidance on how to perform effective penetration testing of computer networks-using free, open source, and commercially avai

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