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Bait and Switch: Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy
by Julie A. MertusIt has become routine for the U.S. government to invoke human rights to justify its foreign policy decisions and military ventures. But this human rights talk has not been supported by a human rights walk. Policymakers consistently apply a double standard for human rights norms: one the rest of the world must observe, but which the U.S. can safely ignore. Based on extensive interviews with leading foreign policymakers, military officials, and human rights advocates, Mertus tells the story of how America's attempts to promote human rights abroad have, paradoxically, undermined those rights in other countries. The second edition brings the story up to date, including new sections on the second half of the Bush administration and the Iraq War, and updates on Afghanistan. The first edition of Bait and Switch won the American Political Science Association's 2005 Best Book on Human Rights.
Bait and Switch: Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy
by Julie A. MertusIt has become routine for the U.S. government to invoke human rights to justify its foreign policy decisions and military ventures. But this human rights talk has not been supported by a human rights walk. Policymakers consistently apply a double standard for human rights norms: one the rest of the world must observe, but which the U.S. can safely ignore. Based on extensive interviews with leading foreign policymakers, military officials, and human rights advocates, Mertus tells the story of how America's attempts to promote human rights abroad have, paradoxically, undermined those rights in other countries. The second edition brings the story up to date, including new sections on the second half of the Bush administration and the Iraq War, and updates on Afghanistan. The first edition of Bait and Switch won the American Political Science Association's 2005 Best Book on Human Rights.
Bait and Switch: How Student Loan Debt Stifles Social Mobility
by Robert H. Scott, III Joseph N. Patten Kenneth MitchellThis book traces how the student loan system has created insurmountable student debt traps for millions of student borrowers contrary to its original purpose of promoting social mobility. Today, approximately 45 million Americans hold over $1.7 trillion in student loan debt, with over 20% of borrowers in default. Student loan debt has the greatest negative impact of wealth-poor students, with Black and first-generation students less likely to attain a college degree, more likely to default on student loan debt, and less likely to gain the same type of wage premium from their college degrees than white student loan borrowers. The book also offers a wide range of policy solutions for remedying the student loan debt crisis.
The Balance Between Industry and Agriculture in Economic Development: Social Effects (pdf) (International Economic Association Series #Vol. 89)
by Irma Adelman Sylvia Lane
The Balance of Payments Adjustment Process in Developing Countries: Pergamon Policy Studies on Socio-Economic Development
by Sidney Dell Roger LawrenceThe Balance of Payments Adjustment Process in Developing Countries deals with the manner in which the burden of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibrium in the 1970s was distributed between developed and developing countries. The book discusses the evidence on changes in the volume of trade; the evidence on price changes and their effects on the accounts of various groups of countries; and the general considerations regarding the character of the deficits of developing countries. The text also describes the mechanisms through which external disturbances are transmitted to the domestic economy, as well as certain questions relating to the financing of the deficits of developing countries. The changes in the world economy; the ways in which changes in the world economy affected the external accounts of the countries; and the effects of changes in the external accounts on developments in the domestic economy are also considered. The book further tackles the policy measures adopted to counter the deterioration in external balance and in growth performance and prospects; as well as the main issues that arise in the course of the adjustment process, at both national and international levels.
Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and Competitiveness in Transition Economies
by Marko Skreb Mario I. BléjerIntegrating transition economies into the global commercial and trade market system is a prolonged and risky process. This book is a collection of studies dealing with the different issues related to the liberalization of external relations in economies moving from a socialist to a market-based system The focus is on external sector developments, and the topics deal with balance of payments conditions, exchange rate policies and regimes, international competitiveness, international capital flows, trade, and other matters related to the integration of transition economies into the world economy. An understanding of the principles involved and of the experiences of both transition and advanced economies during this process is crucial to ensure its ultimate success. Written by internationally recognized scholars, the chapters cover these issues in a systematic manner. The first section treats current account developments, capital flows, and exchange rate policies in transition countries, the second section deals with specific issues related to international trade, and the final section consists of six specific country experiences. In this final section, a chapter dealing with the Russian Federation discusses the collapse of the ruble in August 1998.
The Balance of Power: The System of International Relations, 1648–1815
by Evan LuardThis book examines on an analytical basis the system of international relations between 1648 and 1815. It considers the character of the states, their principal foreign policy goals and the beliefs that influences their relations. The author seeks on this basis to examine the character of the system as a whole: in particular how from the proclaimed desire to maintain the 'balance of power' it succeeded in establishing international stability in preventing the domination of particular states.
Balance of Power: Central Banks and the Fate of Democracies
by Éric MonnetCentral banks now stand between societies and collapse, but are they still democratic? Two decades of financial crises have dramatically expanded central banks’ powers. In 2008, and then again in 2020, unelected banking officials found themselves suddenly responsible for the public welfare—not just because it was necessary but based on an idea that their independence from political systems would insulate them from the whims of populism. Now, as international crises continue and the scope of monetary interventions grows in response, these bankers have become increasingly powerful. In Balance of Power, economist and historian Éric Monnet charts the rise of central banks as the nominally independent—but unavoidably political—superpowers of modern societies. This trajectory, Monnet argues, is neither inevitable nor unstoppable. By embracing the political natures of today’s central banks, we can construct systems of accountability for how they interact with states and societies. Monnet shows that this effort will do more than guard against unjust power; it will put the banks to work for greater, more democratic ends. With existential challenges looming and the work of the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank more important than ever, Balance of Power offers a trenchant case for what this century’s central banks can—and must—become.
Balance of Power: Central Banks and the Fate of Democracies
by Éric MonnetCentral banks now stand between societies and collapse, but are they still democratic? Two decades of financial crises have dramatically expanded central banks’ powers. In 2008, and then again in 2020, unelected banking officials found themselves suddenly responsible for the public welfare—not just because it was necessary but based on an idea that their independence from political systems would insulate them from the whims of populism. Now, as international crises continue and the scope of monetary interventions grows in response, these bankers have become increasingly powerful. In Balance of Power, economist and historian Éric Monnet charts the rise of central banks as the nominally independent—but unavoidably political—superpowers of modern societies. This trajectory, Monnet argues, is neither inevitable nor unstoppable. By embracing the political natures of today’s central banks, we can construct systems of accountability for how they interact with states and societies. Monnet shows that this effort will do more than guard against unjust power; it will put the banks to work for greater, more democratic ends. With existential challenges looming and the work of the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank more important than ever, Balance of Power offers a trenchant case for what this century’s central banks can—and must—become.
The Balance Of Power: History & Theory
by Michael SheehanFirst Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Balance Of Power: History & Theory
by Michael SheehanFirst Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Balance of Power Between Russia and NATO in the Arctic and High North
by Sidharth Kausha James Byrne Joseph Byrne Giangiuseppe Pilli Gary SomervilleThe resurgence of Russian power in the Arctic and High North will be a key consideration for NATO planners. The Alliance’s northern flank represents both a potential vulnerability due to its relative isolation and an area in which NATO enjoys options for horizontal escalation in a conflict. Moreover, as the effects of climate change create opportunities for both navigation and resource extraction, peacetime control over the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and a contest to establish effective administrative control in this area are likely. Disagreements regarding the degree of Russia’s jurisdiction over the NSR could, for example, simmer into a form of sub-threshold competition. The purpose of this Whitehall Paper will be to examine the balance of power between NATO and Russia in this critical region in order to establish the level of ambition that the capabilities being developed by Russia can support.
The Balance of Power Between Russia and NATO in the Arctic and High North
by Sidharth Kausha James Byrne Joseph Byrne Giangiuseppe Pilli Gary SomervilleThe resurgence of Russian power in the Arctic and High North will be a key consideration for NATO planners. The Alliance’s northern flank represents both a potential vulnerability due to its relative isolation and an area in which NATO enjoys options for horizontal escalation in a conflict. Moreover, as the effects of climate change create opportunities for both navigation and resource extraction, peacetime control over the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and a contest to establish effective administrative control in this area are likely. Disagreements regarding the degree of Russia’s jurisdiction over the NSR could, for example, simmer into a form of sub-threshold competition. The purpose of this Whitehall Paper will be to examine the balance of power between NATO and Russia in this critical region in order to establish the level of ambition that the capabilities being developed by Russia can support.
The Balance of Power in East Asia (RUSI Defence Studies)
by Michael LeiferBased on lectures delivered at the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies.
Balance of Power in World History
by S. Kaufman R. Little W. WohlforthThe balance of power is one of the most influential ideas in international relations, yet it has never been comprehensively examined in pre-modern or non-European contexts. This book redresses this imbalance. The authors present eight new case studies of balancing and balancing failure in pre-modern and non-European international systems.
Balance Sheet: The Iraq War and U.S. National Security
by John S. Duffield Peter J. DombrowskiThe last six years have witnessed a virtually unending debate over U.S. policy toward Iraq, a debate that is likely to continue well into the new administration and perhaps the next, notwithstanding recent improvements on the ground. Too often, however, the debate has been narrowly framed in terms of the situation in Iraq and what steps the United States should take there next, leaving the broader impact of the war on American interests largely overlooked. Ultimately, though, the success and failure of the war will have to be judged in terms of its overall contribution to U.S. national security, including those repercussions that extend far beyond the borders of Iraq. This book addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive evaluation of the consequences of the Iraq war for the national security of the United States. It is aimed at both those who have not yet made up their minds about the merits of the war and those who wish to ground their opinions in a clearer understanding of what effects the war has actually had. Balance Sheet examines both how the war has advanced or retarded the achievement of other important goals of U.S. national security policy and its impact on the ability of the United States to pursue its security interests now and in the future. Individual chapters by expert authors address such key issues as the war on terror, nuclear non-proliferation, stability in the Middle East, the health of the U.S. military, America's standing in the world, and U.S. public opinion. By doing justice to the full range of stakes involved, this book not only reframes the debate over the Iraq war but provides a necessary foundation for future U.S. policymaking toward Iraq and beyond.
The Balanced Development Index for Europe’s OECD Countries, 1999–2017 (SpringerBriefs in Economics)
by Andrzej K. Koźmiński Adam Noga Katarzyna Piotrowska Krzysztof ZagórskiThis book presents the Balanced Development Index (BDI), measuring socioeconomic development in twenty-two European OECD member countries in a period 1999-2017. Compared to other composite measures of development, BDI looks beyond traditional development indicators, such as GDP, to create an index which gives equal weight to social, economic, objective, and subjective aspects of development. The BDI aggregates forty-two detailed indicators into four composite middle-level indexes: external economic (characterizing functioning of national economies in their international surroundings), internal economic (characterizing various aspects of domestic economic conditions), social expectations (public hopes and fears concerning economic, political and social conditions), and current social condition (including both objective and subjective social indicators)—which are, in turn, aggregated into the general BDI index.
Balanced Scorecard: Step-by-step For Government And Nonprofit Agencies (PDF)
by Paul NivenThis book provides an easy-to-follow roadmap for successfully implementing the Balanced Scorecard methodology in small- and medium-sized companies. Building on the success of the first edition, the Second Edition includes new cases based on the author's experience implementing the balanced scorecard at government and nonprofit agencies. It is a must-read for any organization interested in achieving breakthrough results.
Balanced Scorecard für Strategisches Management von Städten: Ein Ansatz unter Einsatz von Internetumfragen (Stadtforschung aktuell #100)
by Florian WeigStädte und Regionen stehen in zunehmendem Wettbewerb um Anteile weltweiter Wertschöpfungsketten. Dieser Wettbewerb erzwingt ein Verständnis städtischen Managements als strategisches Standortmanagement zur Sicherung der Attraktivität der Stadt für Bürger und Unternehmungen. Existierende Informationssysteme sind zur Unterstützung eines solchen Managements nicht geeignet. Eine Lösung bietet sich in der Übertragung der betriebswirtschaftlichen Balanced Scorecard auf den Kontext der Stadt an. Das entwickelte Konzept stützt sich auf Ergebnisse der deutschlandweiten Umfrage "Perspektive - Deutschland" über die Zufriedenheit mit dem Wohnort und wird für die Städte Dortmund und Leipzig exemplarisch diskutiert.
Balanced Urban Development: Options and Strategies for Liveable Cities (Water Science and Technology Library #72)
by Vijay P. Singh Basant Maheshwari Bhadranie ThoradeniyaThis book provides a unique synthesis of concepts and tools to examine natural resource, socio-economic, legal, policy and institutional issues that are important for managing urban growth into the future. The book will particularly help the reader to understand the current issues and challenges and develop strategies and practices to cope with future pressures of urbanisation and peri-urban land, water and energy use challenges. In particular, the book will help the reader to discover underlying principles for the planning of future cities and peri-urban regions in relation to: (i) Balanced urban development policies and institutions for future cities; (ii) Understanding the effects of land use change, population increase, and water demand on the liveability of cities; (iii) Long-term planning needs and transdisciplinary approaches to ensure the secured future for generations ahead; and (iv) Strategies to adapt the cities and land, water and energy uses for viable and liveable cities.There are growing concerns about water, food security and sustainability with increased urbanisation worldwide. For cities to be liveable and sustainable into the future there is a need to maintain the natural resource base and the ecosystem services in the peri-urban areas surrounding cities. This need is increasing under the looming spectre of global warming and climate change.This book will be of interest to policy makers, urban planners, researchers, post-graduate students in urban planning, environmental and water resources management, and managers in municipal councils.
A Balancing Act: British Intelligence in Spain During the Second World War (Liverpool Studies in Spanish History)
by Emilio Grandio SeoaneThis book reveals the development, strategy and extraordinary success of Britains secret services in Francos Spain during the Second World War. The main claim of this study is that British pressure, exercised above all through their intelligence services, led Franco to distance himself from the Axis cause and eventually embrace that of the Allies. Starting from a virtually non-existent base, the British rapidly built up a complex intelligence network in Spain that stretched from Corunna to Barcelona and from Bilbao to Gibraltar. As Spain was a non-belligerent, spy networks including those of the Germans, Italians, Portuguese and British proliferated in the Iberian Peninsula. Double-agents abounded within these networks; each one knew what the others were up to. The British exploited this two-way traffic to let Franco know that if he did not accede to their demands, they would back a restoration of the Bourbon monarchy under Don Juan. This pressure culminated in the meeting of 1943 between Franco and the British Ambassador, Sir Samuel Hoare, at the dictators country retreat in Galicia, the British underlining their purpose by flying warplanes close by the estate. Following this meeting, Franco almost immediately began to move away from the Axis powers and towards the Allies. The British swiftly dismantled their intelligence networks given that they had achieved their aim. Francos expulsion of the German naval forces from Spanish ports and the denazification of the regime explains the benevolent attitude of the Allies towards the Spanish dictatorship after the war. Throughout this whole process, the British secret service, as this extensively researched study uncovers, played a crucial role.
Balancing Democracy (PDF)
by Roland AxtmannThis book addresses one of the classical concerns of comparative politics: the formation and maintenance of stable democracies. How have political scientists analyzed democracy? What are the ideas and ideals that are contained in the concept of democracy? How are notions of sovereignty, territoriality, nation, multiculturalism, representation, rights of individuals, of groups and of communities implicated in our understanding of democracy? What institutional manifestations have these ideas, ideals and theoretical constructs in the real world? How will democracy and democratic institutions develop or change as the new millennium gets underway? Written by a specially commissioned group of international experts, the chapters provide, not crystal ball gazing, but an attempt at detecting socio-political trends, highlighting chances for further democratization and dangers for democratic stability. The chapters not only inform, but also bristle with stimulating ideas and insights, challenging the reader to draw up his or her own balance sheet of democracy and democratic rule.
Balancing in the Balkans
by R. Tanter J. PsarouthakisBalancing in the Balkans explores the region for ideas concerning globalism, the creation of transnational economic communities from capital flows across political boundaries, tribalism, and the disintegration of nations into ethnic factions based upon ancient hatreds. In this book, Tanter and Psarouthakis debate the best way to achieve 'balance' - how parties in conflict can learn moderation and peaceful coexistence.
Balancing Individualism and Collectivism: Social and Environmental Justice (Contemporary Systems Thinking)
by Janet McIntyre-Mills Norma Romm Yvonne Corcoran-NantesThis book addresses the social and environmental justice challenge to live sustainably and well. It considers the consequences of our social, economic and environmental policy and governance decisions for this generation and the next. The book tests out ways to improve representation, accountability and re-generation. It addresses the need to take into account the ethical implications of policy and governance decisions in the short, medium and long term based on testing out the implications for self, other and the environment. This book recognizes the negative impact that humans have had on the Earth’s ecosystem and recommends a less anthropocentric way of looking at policies and governance. The chapters discuss the geologic impact that people have had on the globe, both positive and negative, and brings awareness to the anthropocentric interventions that have influenced life on Earth during the Holocene era. Based on these observations, the authors discuss original ideas and critical reviews on ways to govern those who interpret the world in terms of human values and experience, and to conduct an egalitarian lifestyle. These ideas address the growing rise in the size of the ecological footprints of some at the expense of the majority, the growth in unsustainable food choices and of displaced people, and the need for a new sense of relationship with nature and other animals, among other issues. The chapters included in Balancing Individualism and Collectivism: Social and Environmental Justice encourage readers to challenge the sustainability agenda of the anthropocentric life. Proposed solutions to these unsustainable actions include structuralized interventions and volunteerism through encouragement and education, with a focus on protecting current and future generations of life through new governmental etiquette and human cognizance.
Balancing Liberty and Security: Human Rights, Human Wrongs (Crime Prevention and Security Management)
by Kate MossExamining the erosion of people's democratic rights and the potential catastrophic dangers of neglecting civil liberties, this book explores the endemic danger of the enlarged power of the state and the central role of Government in undermining personal freedoms through the use of state force in the name of the protection of security.