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Peru

This book focuses on the topography, the political system, the economy, the culture, and the population of Peru, providing a foundation for the understanding and forecasting of Latin America's course for the near future.

Peru

This book focuses on the topography, the political system, the economy, the culture, and the population of Peru, providing a foundation for the understanding and forecasting of Latin America's course for the near future.

Peru: Elite Power and Political Capture

While leftist governments have been elected across Latin America, this 'Pink Tide' has so far failed to reach Peru. Instead, the corporate elite remains firmly entrenched, and the left continues to be marginalised. Peru therefore represents a particularly stark example of 'state capture', in which an extreme concentration of wealth in the hands of a few corporations and pro-market technocrats has resulted in a monopoly on political power.Post the 2016 elections, John Crabtree and Francisco Durand look at the ways in which these elites have been able to consolidate their position at the expense of genuine democracy, with a particular focus on the role of mining and other extractive industries, where extensive privatization and deregulation has contributed to extreme disparities in wealth and power.In the process, Crabtree and Durand provide a unique case study of state development, by revealing the mechanisms used by elites to dominate political discussion and marginalize their opponents, as well as the role played by external actors such as international financial institutions and foreign investors. The significance of Crabtree's findings therefore extends far beyond Peru, and illuminates the wider issue of why mineral-rich countries so often struggle to attain meaningful democracy.

Peru: Elite Power and Political Capture

While leftist governments have been elected across Latin America, this 'Pink Tide' has so far failed to reach Peru. Instead, the corporate elite remains firmly entrenched, and the left continues to be marginalised. Peru therefore represents a particularly stark example of 'state capture', in which an extreme concentration of wealth in the hands of a few corporations and pro-market technocrats has resulted in a monopoly on political power.Post the 2016 elections, John Crabtree and Francisco Durand look at the ways in which these elites have been able to consolidate their position at the expense of genuine democracy, with a particular focus on the role of mining and other extractive industries, where extensive privatization and deregulation has contributed to extreme disparities in wealth and power.In the process, Crabtree and Durand provide a unique case study of state development, by revealing the mechanisms used by elites to dominate political discussion and marginalize their opponents, as well as the role played by external actors such as international financial institutions and foreign investors. The significance of Crabtree's findings therefore extends far beyond Peru, and illuminates the wider issue of why mineral-rich countries so often struggle to attain meaningful democracy.

Peru in Theory (Studies of the Americas)

Can 'theory' teach us anything about Peru? Can 'Peru' teach us anything about theory? The chapters in this volume explore these questions by establishing a productive dialogue between Peru and theory. Focusing on institutional weakness and economic, social, gendered, racialized, and other forms of exclusion key issues in recent social scientific inquiry in Peru - the contributors to this volume assess the extent to which the analytical frameworks of a number of social and cultural theorists can inform, and, at the same time, be informed by, Peru as a case study.

Peru Under Garcia: An Opportunity Lost (St Antony's Series)

Alan Garcia became President of Peru in July 1985. This book examines his administration and its effects on Peru. The author argues that initially Garcia was successful in tackling the countries problems but that when he left office in 1990 Peru's social, political and economic ills looked worse.

Peruvian Democracy under Economic Stress: An Account ofthe Belaúnde Administration, 1963-1968

As economic adviser and manager of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski observed at first hand the crisis that preceded the overthrow of the Belaúnde administration on October 3, 1968. His role in the economic policies of that era enables him to provide an insider's view and analysis of the financial and economic problems besetting a democratic regime in a developing country. The author pays particular attention to the reasons for the difficulties of the administration after a promising beginning. He considers the main actors during the period 1966-1968, their central motives, the role of the opposition-controlled Congress, the government's efforts to cope with economic and financial problems, and the role of U.S. foreign policy. The initial successes of the administration in areas such as social participation depended on the initiative of a few key figures—a dependence that contributed to the crisis of 1966-1968.Originally published in 1977.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Peruvian Experiment: Continuity and Change Under Military Rule

Peru's self-proclaimed "revolution"—surprisingly extensive reforms initiated by the military government—has aroused great interest all over Latin America and the Third World. This book is the first systematic and comprehensive attempt to appraise Peru's current experiment in both national and regional perspective. It compares recent innovative approaches to Peru's problems with the methods used by earlier regimes, providing original and stimulating interpretations of contemporary Peru from the viewpoints of political science, sociology, history, economics, and education.Originally published in 1976.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Peruvian Mining Industry: Growth, Stagnation, And Crisis

This book examines patterns of growth, stagnation, and crisis in the Peruvian mining industry in twentieth century, presenting an assessment of the nature of some internal constraints which prevents mining companies in Peru from responding to price incentives and increased demand for their products.

The Peruvian Mining Industry: Growth, Stagnation, And Crisis

This book examines patterns of growth, stagnation, and crisis in the Peruvian mining industry in twentieth century, presenting an assessment of the nature of some internal constraints which prevents mining companies in Peru from responding to price incentives and increased demand for their products.

Perverse Politics?: Feminism, Anti-Imperialism, Multiplicity (Political Power and Social Theory #30)

In this special issue, we address what we refer to as 'perversity of the political' or 'perverse politics': namely, the assumptions political theory and movements, and in our specific case feminism, often make on behalf of their subjects, and how their subjects, in return, perform individual and collective contrariness, unruliness and resistance to what is expected or desired from their 'subjectivity'. Specifically focusing on the themes of 'false consciousness', multiplicity, and uneasy alliances, the papers collected here seek to empirically lay out a number of such 'perverse' moments, and offer anti-imperialist feminist alternatives to second wave feminism's often reductive understandings of freedom; emancipation; oppression; empowerment and democracy.

The Perversity of Politics (Routledge Revivals)

First published 1986, The Perversity of Politics talks about the perverse nature of political behaviour. Highly paradoxical, the seeking of advantage is of dual character, consisting not only in the spoils of conquest but in the rewards of co-operation. These two facets of politics pose the perennial question of why co-operation’s inviting prospects have never yet immunized politics- domestic and international- against the perils and sacrifices of conflict. The book finds an answer in the notion of the power overtone. Quest for security, more than immediate gratification, involves maneuver by individuals and groups for future freedom of action. The perversity of politics is heightened by sources of conflict that defy ultimate solution. Of ancient vintage is the uneasy relationship of attraction and repulsion between religion and state, each side uncertain as to where advantage lies. Nor is perversity dispelled by the social sciences, themselves caught in the dogmatics of nature versus nature, typified in the fundamentally different approaches to governance by James Madison and Karl Marx. Citing the American experience in particular the final chapter contends that democratic government is best designed to abate the power overtone and to mitigate conflict. This is a must read for students of political studies and political sociology.

The Perversity of Politics (Routledge Revivals)

First published 1986, The Perversity of Politics talks about the perverse nature of political behaviour. Highly paradoxical, the seeking of advantage is of dual character, consisting not only in the spoils of conquest but in the rewards of co-operation. These two facets of politics pose the perennial question of why co-operation’s inviting prospects have never yet immunized politics- domestic and international- against the perils and sacrifices of conflict. The book finds an answer in the notion of the power overtone. Quest for security, more than immediate gratification, involves maneuver by individuals and groups for future freedom of action. The perversity of politics is heightened by sources of conflict that defy ultimate solution. Of ancient vintage is the uneasy relationship of attraction and repulsion between religion and state, each side uncertain as to where advantage lies. Nor is perversity dispelled by the social sciences, themselves caught in the dogmatics of nature versus nature, typified in the fundamentally different approaches to governance by James Madison and Karl Marx. Citing the American experience in particular the final chapter contends that democratic government is best designed to abate the power overtone and to mitigate conflict. This is a must read for students of political studies and political sociology.

Pesos or Plastic?: Financial Inclusion, Taxation, and Development in South America

The book covers financial inclusion in the southern cone (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) and its impact on public finance. Possible negative consequences of greater financial inclusion are identified, but the book argues potential benefits outweigh costs. Financial inclusion has many definitions, but in this book, we interpret it as bank account ownership and the use of banking services. Financial inclusion in this context proffers advantages in the area of tax collection, perhaps the southern cone’s gravest economic obstacle given its future debt servicing commitments and its socioeconomic development challenges.Households with a bank account – or, the bank participation rate – began increasing significantly around 2002, and this increase has coincided with an unexpected rise in tax collection (especially value-added taxes (VAT)) spanning periods of macroeconomic growth (2003-2009) and stagnation (2010-2015). Correlation does not imply causation, yet using empirical methods this book shows financial inclusion contributes to better tax collection by encouraging more formal market transactions via the use of bank-provided credit and debit cards. Consumption represents the largest component of most economies and consumption taxes contribute more to public revenue in the southern cone than other taxes, hence more formal consumption enhances overall tax collection. ​

Pessimism: Philosophy, Ethic, Spirit

Pessimism claims an impressive following--from Rousseau, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche, to Freud, Camus, and Foucault. Yet "pessimist" remains a term of abuse--an accusation of a bad attitude--or the diagnosis of an unhappy psychological state. Pessimism is thought of as an exclusively negative stance that inevitably leads to resignation or despair. Even when pessimism looks like utter truth, we are told that it makes the worst of a bad situation. Bad for the individual, worse for the species--who would actually counsel pessimism? Joshua Foa Dienstag does. In Pessimism, he challenges the received wisdom about pessimism, arguing that there is an unrecognized yet coherent and vibrant pessimistic philosophical tradition. More than that, he argues that pessimistic thought may provide a critically needed alternative to the increasingly untenable progressivist ideas that have dominated thinking about politics throughout the modern period. Laying out powerful grounds for pessimism's claim that progress is not an enduring feature of human history, Dienstag argues that political theory must begin from this predicament. He persuasively shows that pessimism has been--and can again be--an energizing and even liberating philosophy, an ethic of radical possibility and not just a criticism of faith. The goal--of both the pessimistic spirit and of this fascinating account of pessimism--is not to depress us, but to edify us about our condition and to fortify us for life in a disordered and disenchanted universe.

Pessimism: Philosophy, Ethic, Spirit

Pessimism claims an impressive following--from Rousseau, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche, to Freud, Camus, and Foucault. Yet "pessimist" remains a term of abuse--an accusation of a bad attitude--or the diagnosis of an unhappy psychological state. Pessimism is thought of as an exclusively negative stance that inevitably leads to resignation or despair. Even when pessimism looks like utter truth, we are told that it makes the worst of a bad situation. Bad for the individual, worse for the species--who would actually counsel pessimism? Joshua Foa Dienstag does. In Pessimism, he challenges the received wisdom about pessimism, arguing that there is an unrecognized yet coherent and vibrant pessimistic philosophical tradition. More than that, he argues that pessimistic thought may provide a critically needed alternative to the increasingly untenable progressivist ideas that have dominated thinking about politics throughout the modern period. Laying out powerful grounds for pessimism's claim that progress is not an enduring feature of human history, Dienstag argues that political theory must begin from this predicament. He persuasively shows that pessimism has been--and can again be--an energizing and even liberating philosophy, an ethic of radical possibility and not just a criticism of faith. The goal--of both the pessimistic spirit and of this fascinating account of pessimism--is not to depress us, but to edify us about our condition and to fortify us for life in a disordered and disenchanted universe.

Pessimism and British War Policy, 1916-1918 (British Politics and Society)

This analysis of Britains war policy during the last years of the Great War argues that it was strongly affected by a mood of pessimism. The policy was revised after the defeats suffered by the allies in 1917, so much so that Britain almost "tumbled into peace" the following year.

Pessimism and British War Policy, 1916-1918 (British Politics and Society)

This analysis of Britains war policy during the last years of the Great War argues that it was strongly affected by a mood of pessimism. The policy was revised after the defeats suffered by the allies in 1917, so much so that Britain almost "tumbled into peace" the following year.

Pessimism in International Relations: Provocations, Possibilities, Politics (Palgrave Studies in International Relations)

This volume explores the past, present and future of pessimism in International Relations. It seeks to differentiate pessimism from cynicism and fatalism and assess its possibilities as a respectable perspective on national and international politics. The book traces the origins of pessimism in political thought from antiquity through to the present day, illuminating its role in key schools of International Relations and in the work of important international political theorists. The authors analyse the resurgence of pessimism in contemporary politics, such as in the new populism, attitudes to migration, indigenous politics, and the Anthropocene. This edited volume provides the first collection of scholarly work on pessimism in International Relations theory and practice and offers fresh perspectives on an intellectual position often considered as disreputable as it is venerable.

Pestalozzi and the Educationalization of the World

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi transformed education theory and practice worldwide. Daniel Tröhler connects Pestalozzi's work to its context in Europe's late 18th- and early 19th-century republican movement, offering readers a way to understand the sociopolitical significance of education and its central role in the development of modern societies.

Pesticide Policy and Politics in the European Union: Regulatory Assessment, Implementation and Enforcement

This book explores the regulation of pesticides in the European Union in order to reveal the complex, controversial, and contested nature of an assessment system proudly declared by the EU to be ‘the strictest in the world’. The current regulatory framework is based on Regulation 1107/2009, which substantially reformed the previous system. The analysis describes the new criteria and procedures for the authorization of active substances to be used in the production of pesticides, traces the lengthy policy formulation process, and identifies factors that made policy change possible. Further, the book illustrates the current controversies that characterise the implementation of Regulation 1107/2009: the ban of pesticides harmful to pollinators, the renewal of the authorization of glyphosate, and the definition of criteria for the assessment of endocrine disruption. The author provides information on policy outcomes and highlights persisting shortcomings in the enforcement of EU regulation. This book will appeal to students and scholars from a variety of disciplines, including political science, political sociology, and public policy.

Pesticide Policy and Politics in the European Union: Regulatory Assessment, Implementation and Enforcement

This book explores the regulation of pesticides in the European Union in order to reveal the complex, controversial, and contested nature of an assessment system proudly declared by the EU to be ‘the strictest in the world’. The current regulatory framework is based on Regulation 1107/2009, which substantially reformed the previous system. The analysis describes the new criteria and procedures for the authorization of active substances to be used in the production of pesticides, traces the lengthy policy formulation process, and identifies factors that made policy change possible. Further, the book illustrates the current controversies that characterise the implementation of Regulation 1107/2009: the ban of pesticides harmful to pollinators, the renewal of the authorization of glyphosate, and the definition of criteria for the assessment of endocrine disruption. The author provides information on policy outcomes and highlights persisting shortcomings in the enforcement of EU regulation. This book will appeal to students and scholars from a variety of disciplines, including political science, political sociology, and public policy.

Pesticides in World Agriculture: The Politics of International Regulation (International Political Economy Series)

Pet Rescue: Book 15 (Secret Princesses)

A magical new series where best friends become Secret Princesses! Best friends Charlotte and Mia can't bear it when Charlotte's family moves far away. But when they become trainee Secret Princesses they begin an amazing adventure together - and they can see each other whenever they like!Once in a blue moon, a tiara shaped constellation forms high in the sky above Wishing Star Palace. The four girls that make a wish on these special stars get their wishes granted by the Secret Princesses ... but Princess Poison is determined that this year the wishes won't come true ...Have you read all four books in series four: The Moonstone Collection?

Peter Handke, Jugoslawien und das Problem der strukturellen Gewalt: Literaturwissenschaft und politische Theorie (Literaturwissenschaft / Kulturwissenschaft)

Anne Lindner nimmt die Debatte um den Autor Peter Handke während der Jugoslawien-Kriege zum Ausgangspunkt, über die literarische Artikulation den Typus der strukturellen Gewalt als Problem moderner Staatsgesellschaften zu untersuchen. Sie geht dabei auf zwei Ebenen vor: Zum einen werden die Texte Handkes auf die politischen Problemstellungen hin in ihrer politischen Äußerlichkeit gelesen; zum anderen wird mithilfe neuerer politischer Theorien ein begriffliches Instrumentarium politischer Analyse entwickelt.