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A Research Guide to Central Party and Government Meetings in China: 1949-1975 (Routledge Revivals)
by Kenneth LieberthalOriginally published in 1976, Lieberthal collated notes from Central Party, government and military meetings on a national level in China between 1949 and 1975 to create this guide to Chinese policymaking. This guide provides insight into issues such as the representation of important meetings in the media, how policies are made and how policy-making in China has varied over time. This title will be of interest to students of Asian Studies and International Politics.
Research Handbook of Children and Armed Conflict
The Research Handbook of Children and Armed Conflict adeptly explores children’s lived realities of armed conflict and its aftermath. Featuring empirical, conceptual and policy analyses, alongside moving first-hand accounts of the experiences of war-affected children and youth, it highlights the urgent need for advocacy and action on this issue.Boasting state of the art contributions by eminent scholars and practitioners from across the globe, this Research Handbook explores the theoretical, practical, and policy issues related to children affected by war. Chapters investigate the profound harms experienced by such children and youth, whether in the heat of conflict, during flight or during resettlement to a new context, underscoring the urgency and high stakes of these situations for children and families affected by war. The Handbook demonstrates that scholarly discussions and debates must ultimately contribute to real-life changes to promote more just and effective immigration legislation, policies, programmes, and practices for war-affected children.Integrating conceptual analyses with concrete policy and political engagement, this incisive Research Handbook will prove essential for scholars, researchers, and students interested in war studies, security, refugee studies, forced migration, international development, child protection and post-conflict reconstruction. Its policy and legally-oriented chapters will also benefit policymakers, civil servants and international NGOs.
Research Handbook of Policy Design (Handbooks of Research on Public Policy series)
This visionary Research Handbook presents the state of the art in research on policy design. By conceiving policy design both as a theoretical and a methodological framework, it provides scholars and practitioners with guidance on understanding policy problems and devising accurate solutions.Chapters discuss the major approaches to policy design as well as the challenges that confront policy designers and academics interested in improving this framework. More than 40 expert contributors operationalise the policy design framework around different models of causation, evaluation, instrumentation and intervention to explain and improve policy outcomes. This framework sheds new light on the nature of policy problems and the means to address these problems, while also explaining if and how a policy fits into the broader social and political environment. The Research Handbook considers not only the process of designing, and the roles that individuals and institutions play in the political process of revising and creating new policies, but also the outcome of the designing process: policy design as a plan for action.Providing a practical alternative to the conventional theories of the policy process like the policy cycle, this Research Handbook will be critical reading for scholars and students of public policy, political theory and public administration and management. It will also be beneficial for policy makers interested in improving the ways in which they formulate public policies.
Research Handbook on Adult Education Policy (Elgar Handbooks in Education)
Bringing together an impressive array of esteemed and emerging academics, the Research Handbook on Adult Education Policy addresses how adult learning and education policies are made, and the theories and methodologies which can be mobilised to study its developments.Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, researchers from both the Global South and North outline theoretical frameworks and methodologies for studying adult education policy, exploring long-standing issues and recent societal trends that affect its framing. This Research Handbook examines and explains supranational, international and national levels of governance and policy in adult education and considers the contributions of adult education policies to continuing societal development. Looking ahead, contributing authors make vital recommendations for future avenues of research in this continually evolving field, in particular emphasising the need to separate adult education policy from economic growth.This Handbook is an excellent resource for researchers, academics and students in adult education, sociology and social policy and politics and public policy. Emphasising the critical importance of adult learning and education, it also benefits adult education practitioners, policymakers and adult learning advocacy organisations at the national and international level.
Research Handbook on Asian Competition Law (Research Handbooks in Competition Law series)
by John O. Haley Shuya Hayashi Steven Van UytselThis timely Research Handbook provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the substantive competition law provisions of the ASEAN Plus Three region, including Hong Kong and Taiwan. Taking a unique comparative perspective, chapters examine Asian competition laws in relation to the existing laws that served as models for them, analysing how and why they deviate. Expert contributions from both scholars and practitioners provide insight into the complex development of competition law in the region taking into account the growing number of competition law models, changing views on law convergence, enforcement practice and the progression of economic thought. Chapters highlight and explore the special features of these laws as a result, as well as draw conclusions on the perceptions of competition law in different ASEAN member states. Academics in law, economics and public policy with an interest in competition law, both in Asia and more broadly, will find this Research Handbook’s insights invaluable. Legal practitioners and policy makers will also find its examination of the major issues in the competition law of the region useful.
Research Handbook on Authoritarianism
This Research Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the latest knowledge on authoritarian regimes. Combining quantitative research and in-depth case studies, it not only provides novel insights into past and current dictatorships but also forecasts potential new developments in authoritarian politics.Through detailed analyses of diverse authoritarian regimes, including those in China, Egypt, North Korea, Syria, Turkmenistan, and Uganda, this Research Handbook examines authoritarian performance, credibility, and legitimacy. Arguing that the key to understanding authoritarian politics is the politics of survival, chapters provide detailed analysis of central actors, institutions, and strategies to illustrate the impact of efforts to retain power on wider political outcomes. With sections dedicated to exploring common issues for authoritarianism researchers and showcasing cutting-edge developments in the field, contributors provide insight into important questions on how authoritarian regimes continue to survive today.Presenting detailed explorations of classic and contemporary trends in authoritarianism, this Research Handbook will be an essential resource for students and scholars of authoritarianism, international relations, and comparative politics. It will also be an invaluable guide for policymakers seeking to understand modern authoritarianism.
Research Handbook on Child Migration
by Jacqueline Bhabha Jyothi Kanics Daniel Senovilla HernándezAs the scale and complexity of global child migration grows, so too does the urgency of understanding this multifaceted phenomenon. This comprehensive, and original, Research Handbook is an essential tool for anyone seeking to engage in the topic. Collecting together a plethora of original intellectual, empirical and legal resources the Research Handbook on Child Migration probes the origins, characteristics and impacts of current child migration situations. Bringing together both leading experts and grass-roots activists, this Research Handbook is a comprehensive and diverse collection of the best and most up-to-date research on global child migration. It covers a wide range of topics from the history of specific child migration flows, the ethnography of child migration, and child specific legal tools and challenges, to the psychological effects of migration on child migrants. Presented in an accessible style, this Research Handbook provides a wealth of evidence and reflection which will enrich and improve the readers ability to tackle this key human rights challenge. This Research Handbook is an innovative tool which will be of use not only for students and scholars interested in migration displacement, immigration, and human rights, but also for policymakers and others actively engaged in the migrant and refugee rights advocacy community.
Research Handbook on Child Soldiers (Research Handbooks in International Law series)
by Mark A. Drumbl and Jastine C. BarrettAlthough child soldiers have received considerable media and policy attention, they remain poorly understood and inadequately protected. This Research Handbook addresses this troubling gap by offering a reflective and nuanced review of the complex issue of child soldiering. This comprehensive Research Handbook showcases diverse experiences and unique perspectives. It unpacks the life-cycle of youth and militarization: from recruitment, to demobilization, and return to civilian life. Challenging prevailing assumptions and conceptions, this uplifting Research Handbook focuses on the child soldier’s capacity to cope with adversity. In so doing, it emphasizes the resilience, humanity and potential of children affected – rather than ‘afflicted’ – by armed conflict. The Research Handbook on Child Soldiers will be of interest to academics, practitioners and activists alike, with its extensive incorporation of cutting-edge fieldwork and the voices of the children themselves. Promoting equity between generations, this Research Handbook will also appeal to individuals from many walks of life who are concerned with the rights of the child in times of conflict, peace and the in-between.
Research Handbook on City and Municipal Finance (Elgar Handbooks in Public Administration and Management)
This timely Research Handbook explores the handling of city and municipal finances in the 21st century. It examines the impact of the Great Recession and COVID-19 pandemic on cities and municipalities, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and avenues for future progress in city and municipal financial management.Bringing together leading global scholars of public finance and budgeting, economics, law, political science and policy analysis, this Research Handbook scrutinises how cities and municipalities have adapted after crisis periods. It combines theoretical ideas, empirical findings and practical applications, focusing on federalist systems as well as including global case studies from diverse governance contexts. Contributors analyse sources of revenue for cities and municipalities, critical areas of spending, fiscal structure, budgeting, debt, pensions and financial resilience. Forward thinking, it considers the strength and resilience of city and municipal finances in meeting long-term liabilities and responding to short-term crises.This Research Handbook will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of public finance and administration, urban economics, and political economy. Providing cutting-edge policy recommendations, it will also be a highly useful guide for policy-makers and administrators seeking to effectively guide city and municipal finances.
Research Handbook on Civil–Military Relations (Elgar Handbooks in Political Science)
Bringing together leading international scholars, this comprehensive Research Handbook analyses key problems, subjects, regions, and countries in civil-military relations. Showcasing cutting-edge research developments, it illustrates the deeply complex nature of the field and examines important topics in need of renewed consideration.Arranged in five thematic sections, chapters explore the role of armed forces in politics and society, the missions and roles of militaries, and crucial issues of control, compliance and effectiveness. Contributors present theoretically informed and empirically applied research asking novel questions and examining cutting-edge solutions to ongoing problems in the field. They demonstrate the wide range of research methodologies and meta-theoretical traditions in civil-military relations, spanning structuralism, behavioralism, institutionalism, and constructivism. Ultimately, the Research Handbook is a timely insight into the contemporary role of militaries, for example in democratization and autocratization processes and deployment during natural disasters and pandemics.The Research Handbook on Civil–Military Relations will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of military, security, and strategic studies, as well as comparative politics and military sociology. It will also be an important read for policymakers seeking to better understand the role of the military in society.
Research Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation Policy
by E. C.H. Keskitalo and B. L. PrestonThis topical and engaging Research Handbook illustrates the variety of research approaches in the field of climate change adaptation policy in order to provide a guide to its social and institutional complexity. A range of international expert contributors offer interdisciplinary explorations of climate change adaptation policy from policy sciences, legal, and practitioner perspectives. Using examples from a variety of sectors including water, health and land use, and multiple levels of governance and country contexts, from international to local, and developing to developed countries, the chapters examine a wealth of theoretical orientations towards climate change adaptation policy and their underpinnings. In doing so, this Research Handbook provides an understanding of the complexity of the institutions, decision-makers and assumptions that are involved in adaptation research as well as adaptation policy development and implementation. This Research Handbook will be an indispensable resource for both researchers and practitioners in climate change adaptation with an interest in the research methods and policies that support and advance it. Undergraduate and postgraduate students of environmental studies, public policy and politics will also find this book provides a valuable foundation for building a deeper knowledge of adaptation science and policy.
Research Handbook on Climate Change Law and Loss & Damage (Research Handbooks in Climate Law series)
This timely Research Handbook offers an insightful review of how legal systems – whether domestic, international or transnational – can and should adjust to fairly and effectively support loss and damage (L&D) claims in climate change law. International contributors guide readers through a detailed assessment of the history and current state of L&D provisions under the UN climate regime and consider the opportunities to fund L&D claims both within and outside the UN climate system. Split into four parts, the Research Handbook investigates the current legal frameworks for L&D across both public international law and domestic law. Chapters explore foundational issues including equity and justice and give a critical assessment of the current state and potential future evolution of international legal systems. The contributing authors also discuss the challenges faced by different legal systems in dealing effectively and fairly with L&D.Providing a comprehensive overview of this important topic, this Research Handbook will be an excellent resource for climate lawyers and policymakers. It will also be an invaluable read for academics and students researching environmental and climate issues.
Research Handbook on Climate Change, Oceans and Coasts (Research Handbooks in Climate Law series)
This thought-provoking Research Handbook offers a critical survey of the law and governance issues facing the world’s oceans and coasts in this era of Anthropocentric climate change. It discusses the biophysical impacts that climate change is having upon our oceans and coasts, as well as the various ways that international, national and sub-national laws have sought to respond. With contributions from scientists and lawyers, this comprehensive Research Handbook provides cutting-edge analysis of the marine governance responses to climate change and how this will need to adapt in a rapidly changing world. It reflects on the interaction of climate change with regional marine governance regimes and analyses the likely impacts on maritime and national security. Illustrating the up-to-date treatment of interactions between climate and oceans regimes, this incisive Research Handbook examines the possible adaptation options to address specific issues for our oceans and coasts. The Research Handbook on Climate Change, Oceans and Coasts will be a key resource for students, scholars and practitioners of climate change, water law and environmental law and policy, while also being of benefit to researchers in the cross-cutting fields of human rights and disaster law.
Research Handbook on Climate Disaster Law: Barriers and Opportunities (Research Handbooks in Climate Law series)
by Rosemary Lyster Robert R. M. VerchickClimate change has thrust us into a “no-analog” future in which climate disasters threaten to cause extraordinary damage, with little precedent to guide policymakers and private actors. Addressing such risks requires a firm grounding in disaster risk reduction, climate change policy, and environmental law. This Research Handbook provides readers with that integrated foundation, investigating topics in international law as well as domestic programs from countries around the world. Because climate disasters affect both government and non-government actors, the Research Handbook covers issues of both public and private law. We know from the scientific literature and recent experience that the laws addressing natural disasters are insufficient to confront disasters amplified by climate change. The Research Handbook acknowledges that the majority of disasters are susceptible in some way to changes in the earth’s climate and explores the barriers to, and opportunities for, finding legal solutions to the risks posed by such disasters. It shows that climate change must be considered in order to fully understand disaster risk and the respective legal and policy responses. The Research Handbook also emphasizes the moral responsibility we have to move as quickly as possible to create a carbon-free economy. This work will be of great appeal to legal scholars, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in environmental law or climate change as it relates to international and domestic law and policy.
Research Handbook on Communicating Climate Change (Elgar Handbooks in Energy, the Environment and Climate Change)
Drawing together key frameworks and disciplines that illuminate the importance of communication around climate change, this Research Handbook offers a vital knowledge base to address the urgency of conveying climate issues to a variety of audiences. International scholars survey the key disciplinary foundations of climate change communication including: climate science, audience studies, sociology, and the efficacy of diverse communication forms ranging from science communication, political communication and visual communication to film, theatre and the novel. Featuring key ideas critical to the contemporary climate discussion, such as climate denial, psychology, the use of images, journalism, campaigns, health, justice and climate change fiction, this timely Research Handbook intervenes in the global debate to offer a pathway for researchers and communicators to stimulate new methods of conceptualising and communicating climate mitigation. Presenting an in-depth exploration of climate change messaging in relation to interpretive communities, this book is crucial reading for scholars and students of media and communications, climate science and environmental studies. Its key practical insights will also benefit practitioners of climate communication and science.
Research Handbook on Community Development
by Rhonda Phillips Eric Trevan Patsy KraegerThis timely Research Handbook offers new ways in which to navigate the diverse terrain of community development research. Contributions from leading experts unpack the foundations and history of community development research and look to its future, exploring innovative frameworks for conceptualizing community development. Chapters consider the trajectories and impact of global community development research, offering critical insight into the methods and frameworks that are currently being used in the field. Covering varied topics, from housing and food availability to revitalization and faith-based regeneration, this Research Handbook provides a broad and in-depth exploration of the state of the field today. Comprehensive and unequivocally progressive, this is key reading for social and public policy researchers in need of an understanding of the current trends in community development research as well as practitioners and policymakers working on urban, rural and regional development.
Research Handbook on Compliance in International Human Rights Law (Research Handbooks in Human Rights series)
This comprehensive Research Handbook offers an in-depth examination of the most significant factors affecting compliance with international human rights law, which has emerged as one of the key problems in the efforts to promote effective protection of human rights. In particular, it examines the relationships between regional human rights courts and domestic actors and judiciaries.Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the Research Handbook explores the legal and political considerations that shape compliance, using a combination of both international and comparative law analysis in the assessment of regional human rights regimes. Chapters written by leading scholars and practitioners from around the globe cover a wide range of jurisdictions from Europe, Latin America and Africa and their interactions with regional human rights courts. The Research Handbook also discusses the limits of, and possible alternatives to, compliance as a framework for analysis, offering a fuller understanding of the effectiveness of international human rights law.Scholars, students and practitioners of public international law, international human rights law and comparative law will find this Research Handbook an invaluable resource. It will also benefit officials and lawyers working with international organisations who deal with human rights issues on a regular basis.
Research Handbook on Conflict Prevention (Elgar Handbooks in Political Science)
The Research Handbook on Conflict Prevention is a cohesive and comparative analysis of the ways in which organised violence is combatted. Renowned experts dissect the complex problem of conflict prevention by investigating its three main aspects: agency, methods and timing.This incisive Research Handbook both reviews the current literature on conflict prevention and introduces new theoretical and empirical findings. Contributors compare the different roles played by women’s groups, academics, military forces, and local and international agents such as the UN. They also explore resolution methods such as prenegotiation, negotiation, mediation and conflict transformation. In doing so, they illustrate the various ways in which hegemonic masculine approaches, peace journalism, and robust non-military and military approaches manage to reduce organised violence. Finally, the Research Handbook tracks the different phases of the conflict process, from the onset and escalation of conflict to conflict relapse. Confronting the vicious cycle of organised violence, this rigorous and multi-faceted study of conflict prevention provides an impetus towards understanding the field and inspiring solutions.In-depth and comprehensive, this Research Handbook will be of great benefit to scholars of conflict and international relations, human rights, terrorism, and security, as well as practitioners and policymakers in the field.
Research Handbook on Curriculum and Education (Elgar Handbooks in Education)
This incisive Handbook brings together a wealth of innovative research from international curriculum and education experts to ask the question: what knowledge should be taught in school, how should it be taught, and for what purpose?Providing a comprehensive account of curriculum history, philosophy, and recent theoretical developments, the Handbook explores timely debates concerning the national curriculum in countries across Asia, Australasia, Eastern and Western Europe, countries in the American continents such as Brazil and Canada. Chapters delve into the relationship between curriculum and democracy, focusing on specific school subjects to examine what the recontextualisation of rational knowledge means for subject selection and design. Opening up a three-way conversation between Didaktik theory, social realism, and cognitive psychology, the Research Handbook puts forward a novel and powerful research programme in curriculum studies.This innovative Handbook will be an indispensable resource for academics and postgraduate students of curriculum studies, education policy, and education management. Its discussion of new generative research programmes will also benefit education policy makers and analysts.
Research Handbook on Cyberwarfare
This Research Handbook provides a rigorous analysis of cyberwarfare, a widely misunderstood field of contemporary conflict and geopolitical competition. Gathering insights from leading scholars and practitioners, it examines the actors involved in cyberwarfare, their objectives and strategies, and scrutinises the impact of cyberwarfare in a world dependent on connectivity.The Research Handbook on Cyberwarfare interrogates cyberwarfare as a form of military intelligence statecraft that seeks to exploit digital systems for operational and strategic advantage. Chapter authors address cyberwarfare in its conceptual, historical, operational and strategic dimensions, and explore the application of international law, norms, ethics and arms control to this area of conflict. They pose crucial questions about the utility of cyberwarfare and its effects on society and citizens, establishing foundations for future research on the topic as a fact of international life.Providing rich detail in an accessible and understandable manner, this Research Handbook is a vital resource for scholars and researchers of cyber conflict, international relations, and security studies. Its practical elements will also appeal to military and intelligence practitioners, as well as those interested in how cyberwarfare can be regulated to ameliorate its effects on society.
Research Handbook on Democracy and Development (Elgar Handbooks in Development)
Exploring and updating the controversial debates about the relationship between democracy and development, this Research Handbook provides clarification on the complex and nuanced interlinkages between political regime type and socio-economic development. Distinguished scholars examine a broad range of issues from multidisciplinary perspectives across Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. Analysing the relationship between political regime types, including varieties of democracies and autocracies, and broader development indicators, chapters cover economic growth, poverty and human development, inequality, corruption, conflict, human rights, and environmental sustainability. The Research Handbook examines longstanding and unresolved debates in the field over the past 60 years, as well as investigating contemporary issues of rising global inequalities, the resurgence of authoritarian populism, and the crisis of liberal democracy. Thorough and invigorating, this will be an essential read for social science scholars and students, particularly those studying sociology, politics, economics and global development studies. Policy makers and government officials dealing with foreign affairs and international development will appreciate the detailed case studies the Research Handbook offers.
Research Handbook on Digital Trade
This comprehensive Research Handbook analyzes the impact of the rapid growth of digital trade on businesses, consumers, and regulators. Leading experts provide theoretical and practical insight into how to manage the legal and policy challenges of the global digital economy.Chapters cover key areas of digital trade policy and regulation, examining finance, investment, tax, AI, and security. Drawing from a broad spectrum of digital trade sub-specialisms, this Research Handbook explores diverse regional and national approaches to e-commerce, spanning Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. It scrutinizes the evolution of digital trade within the international trade system, assessing its inclusion within the WTO and the move towards digital-only agreements. Contributors investigate pressing legal controversies concerning trade protectionism, the recognition of intellectual property, and the safeguarding of personal data.This Research Handbook will be an invaluable resource for academics and students in digital trade, international law, public policy, and regulation. It will also be a useful guide for legal and political practitioners seeking to understand the emerging field of digital trade.
Research Handbook on Disability Policy (Elgar Handbooks in Social Policy and Welfare)
Examining how policy affects the human rights of people with disabilities, this topical Handbook presents diverse empirical experiences of disability policy and identifies the changes that are necessary to achieve social justice. Expansive in scope, the Handbook illustrates how language, law and concepts about human rights impact the way that disability policy is framed and implemented. Chapters use the lenses of human rights, welfare, health and economic inclusion to address contemporary policy questions such as globalization and technology. Grounded in lived experiences, the Handbook interweaves personal narratives from people with disabilities which provide important insights into how policy impacts opportunity and point to future possibilities for the influence of human rights on policy change. As narrative author Karla Garcia Luiz reflects, ‘We often share situations that make us feel lonely, exhausted, insecure, questioning ourselves.... When we share, we realize that these feelings are collective and, [in]naming them we re-signify them and, thus, we strengthen ourselves for political action’.Informed by international, comparative experiences, this Handbook will be an engaging and perceptive resource for students and scholars of sociology and social policy, health and welfare studies and disability policy. With diverse examples from across the Global North and South, it will also appeal to people working in social policy who are looking to develop and reform policies to be more inclusive, accessible and progressive towards people with disabilities.
Research Handbook on E-Government (Elgar Handbooks in Public Administration and Management)
This unique Research Handbook offers an overview of contemporary electronic government and digital public administration and management, encouraging innovative inquiry and exploring new avenues for research in the field. Bringing together international scholars and researchers, the book illustrates the broad and changeable technological context of public organizations, public services and governance from a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives. Chapters investigate key developments in information technology, including social media, big data, cyberinfrastructure and blockchain technologies, and investigate their implications for the traditional goals and values of public administration and management. Examining timely subjects of discussion, including data sharing, public service transactions and trust, citizen engagement and tribal governances, chapters illustrate the global dimensions of technological governance in a variety of settings, including Brazil, Nepal, South Africa, the US, and Small Island Developing States. Representing global scholarship in the field, this Research Handbook is critical reading for scholars and researchers exploring the latest developments in e-governments, as well as graduate students in public management and administration. Public sector managers and policymakers will also benefit from its practical insights into utilizing information tech.
Research Handbook on Economic Diplomacy: Bilateral Relations in a Context of Geopolitical Change
by Selwyn J. V. Moons Peter A. G. Van BergeijkBilateral economic diplomacy is an increasingly popular method of ensuring both commercial and broader economic interests. In this Handbook over 30 leading experts from developed and developing countries, industrial nations and emerging economies have come together to form a global view of economic diplomacy. Representing a move away from Euro-centric books on the topic, this Handbook uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research to explore how state visits, embassies and economic sanctions are being increasingly used as forms of diplomacy. Editors Peter van Bergeijk and Selwyn Moons have ensured that the entire research process is covered, from data collection to evidence based policy advice. As such, the Handbook reveals how and under which conditions economic diplomacy can be most effective, proving an invaluable tool for future research. The Research Handbook on Economic Diplomacy is a key resource for academics and researchers at policy institutions who wish to understand the field in greater depth. Policy makers and other actors at domestic and international levels would also greatly benefit from this extensive international view of economy diplomacy.