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Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic: Developmental Perspectives (Jean Piaget Symposia Series)
by Willis F. OvertonA presentation of current work that systematically explores and articulates the nature, origin and development of reasoning, this volume's primary aim is to describe and examine contemporary theory and research findings on the topic of deductive reasoning. Many contributors believe concepts such as "structure," "competence," and "mental logic" are necessary features for a complete understanding of reasoning. As the book emanates from a Jean Piaget Symposium, his theory of intellectual development as the standard contemporary treatment of deductive reasoning is used as the context in which the contributors elaborate on their own perceptions.
Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes: Selected works of Jonathan St B.T. Evans (World Library of Psychologists)
by Jonathan St EvansIn the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.
Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes: Selected works of Jonathan St B.T. Evans (World Library of Psychologists)
by Jonathan St EvansIn the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.
Reasoning Unbound: Thinking about Morality, Delusion and Democracy
by Jean-François BonnefonThis book argues that the science of reasoning will prove most useful if focused on studying what human reasoning does best - understanding people. Bonnefon argues that humanity's unique reasoning abilities developed in order to handle the complexities of cooperative social life. Accordingly, human beings became exquisite students of the minds of other people to predict the kind of decisions they make, and assess their character. In particular, this volume explores the inferences humans make about the moral character of others, how they delude themselves about their own moral character, and the ways in which they can see through the delusions of others. In conclusion, the book considers how to leverage the power of human reasoning in order to sustain democratic life. This work will interest scholars and students working in fields including theory of mind, decision-making, moral cognition, critical thinking, experimental philosophy, and behavioural economics, as well as policy makers interested in how reasoning impacts our political understanding.
Reassessing Gender And Achievement: Questioning Contemporary Key Debates (PDF)
by Becky Francis Christine SkeltonChallenging current theories about gender and achievement, this book assesses the issues at stake and analyses the policy drives and changing perceptions of gender on which the 'gender and achievement' debates are based. This new topical book guides the reader through the different theories and approaches, drawing together and reviewing work on gender and educational performance. The authors also highlight the continuing problems experienced by girls in terms of achievement and classroom interaction. The subjects covered include: perspectives on gender and achievement the construction of gender and achievement in education policy evaluating boys' underachievement the future for boys and girls? raising achievement: 'What works in the classroom?' Teachers, education professionals and students engaged in teacher training will welcome the editors' objective yet critical expertise.
Reassessing Gender And Achievement: Questioning Contemporary Key Debates
by Becky Francis Christine SkeltonChallenging current theories about gender and achievement, this book assesses the issues at stake and analyses the policy drives and changing perceptions of gender on which the 'gender and achievement' debates are based. This new topical book guides the reader through the different theories and approaches, drawing together and reviewing work on gender and educational performance. The authors also highlight the continuing problems experienced by girls in terms of achievement and classroom interaction. The subjects covered include: perspectives on gender and achievement the construction of gender and achievement in education policy evaluating boys' underachievement the future for boys and girls? raising achievement: 'What works in the classroom?' Teachers, education professionals and students engaged in teacher training will welcome the editors' objective yet critical expertise.
Reassessing Gender And Achievement: Questioning Contemporary Key Debates
by Becky Francis Christine SkeltonChallenging current theories about gender and achievement, this book assesses the issues at stake and analyses the policy drives and changing perceptions of gender on which the 'gender and achievement' debates are based. This new topical book guides the reader through the different theories and approaches, drawing together and reviewing work on gender and educational performance. The authors also highlight the continuing problems experienced by girls in terms of achievement and classroom interaction. The subjects covered include: perspectives on gender and achievement the construction of gender and achievement in education policy evaluating boys' underachievement the future for boys and girls? raising achievement: 'What works in the classroom?' Teachers, education professionals and students engaged in teacher training will welcome the editors' objective yet critical expertise.
Rebalance Your Relationship with Food: Reassuring recipes and nutritional support for positive, confident eating (PDF)
by Emma BaconThis is a cookbook with a difference, offering 117 healthy, balanced recipes alongside nutritional advice, empathetic quotes and inspirational messages. It will empower you to build a healthy relationship with food and your body for a happier, stronger you. Emma's positive philosophy favours natural, unprocessed nutrition and moderation over elimination. Nutritional information about key ingredients sits alongside the delicious recipes, and self-help tools encourage compassionate self-reflection and the ability to self-soothe. Rebalance Your Relationship with Food combines the experiences of real people who have overcome disordered eating, body image issues and low self-esteem with trustworthy advice to effectively support long-term positive change in how you experience and interact with food and your body.
Rebel Friendships: “Outsider” Networks and Social Movements
by Benjamin ShepardRebel Friendships considers the interplay between individuals and their friendships with social movements. The intersections between individual and community, the ways we experiment with social change, explore, create, and reduce the harms of modern living are the work of social movements. Yet, the process is rarely simple. Through auto-ethnographic reflections of experiences with the Beats, ACT-UP, Occupy Wall Street, anti-consumer, queer rights, and non-polluting transportation movements Shepard explores the way friendship infuses social movements with the social capital necessary to move bodies of ideas forward. Such innovation is rarely seen in more institutionalized social arrangements. Rebel Friendships offers a new take on the ties between friends who are connected through affinity and efforts aimed at social change.
Rebel Love: Break the Rules, Destroy Toxic Habits, and Have the Best Sex of Your Life
by Dr. Chris DonaghueIn Rebel Love, Dr. Chris Donaghue, PhD (The Amber Rose Show with Dr. Chris ), reveals how traditional dating "rules" are toxic, why everything you've learned about dating and relationships is wrong, and how to have the best sex of your life.Dr. Chris is the sex expert you've been waiting for. He refuses to pathologize those whose sexuality doesn't fit in a neat little box and he doesn't just pay lip service to the pro-sex, feminist, and body-positive mores of the day -- he demands them.Rebel Love welcomes all sexualities and identities no matter where you fall on the spectrum and empowers people to be authentically who they are both in and out of the bedroom. Dr. Chris's prescription for hotter, healthier sex -- the two go hand in hand -- encourages you to stop participating in patriarchal stereotypes, broaden your sexual horizons, and have amazing sex. Best of all, he shows you how with real-world examples and inspirational case studies.
Rebel Love: Break the Rules, Destroy Toxic Habits, and Have the Best Sex of Your Life
by Dr. Chris DonaghueIn Rebel Love, Dr. Chris Donaghue, PhD (TheAmber Rose Show with Dr. Chris ), reveals how traditional dating "rules" are toxic, why everything you've learned about dating and relationships is wrong, and how to have the best sex of your life.Dr. Chris is the sex expert you've been waiting for. He refuses to pathologize those whose sexuality doesn't fit in a neat little box and he doesn't just pay lip service to the pro-sex, feminist, and body-positive mores of the day -- he demands them.Rebel Love welcomes all sexualities and identities no matter where you fall on the spectrum and empowers people to be authentically who they are both in and out of the bedroom. Dr. Chris's prescription for hotter, healthier sex -- the two go hand in hand -- encourages you to stop participating in patriarchal stereotypes, broaden your sexual horizons, and have amazing sex. Best of all, he shows you how with real-world examples and inspirational case studies.
Rebels in Groups: Dissent, Deviance, Difference, and Defiance
by Jolanda Jetten Matthew J. HornseyWith contributions from leading scholars in the field, Rebels in Groups brings together the latest research which, contrary to traditional views, considers dissent, deviance, difference and defiance to be a normal and healthy aspect of group life. Brings together the latest research on the role of dissent, deviance, difference and defiance within groups Presents a new approach which considers dissent, deviance, difference and defiance to be a normal and healthy aspect of group life Examines a broad range of groups, such as political groups, task groups, and teams in organizations Considers diverse fields of psychology, including social, organizational, and developmental psychology Contributors are among the leading scholars in their areas of psychology
Rebels in Groups: Dissent, Deviance, Difference, and Defiance
by Jolanda Jetten Matthew J. HornseyWith contributions from leading scholars in the field, Rebels in Groups brings together the latest research which, contrary to traditional views, considers dissent, deviance, difference and defiance to be a normal and healthy aspect of group life. Brings together the latest research on the role of dissent, deviance, difference and defiance within groups Presents a new approach which considers dissent, deviance, difference and defiance to be a normal and healthy aspect of group life Examines a broad range of groups, such as political groups, task groups, and teams in organizations Considers diverse fields of psychology, including social, organizational, and developmental psychology Contributors are among the leading scholars in their areas of psychology
Rebels with a Cause: Working with Adolescents Using Action Techniques
by Mario CossaDrawing on years of experience working with adolescents, Cossa provides a tried-and-tested model for working with adolescents in groups. Utilizing techniques found in psychodrama, sociodrama, drama therapy and sociometry, Cossa offers step-by-step guidelines on running a group development program and summarizes in easy-to-understand language.
REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults (SpringerBriefs in Psychology)
by Ioana Alina Cristea Simona Stefan Oana David Cristina Mogoase Anca DobreanThis clinical guide reviews the basics of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and presents a quartet of tested protocols for treating anxiety disorders in children and adults. Adult applications feature REBT for treating generalized anxiety disorder and a brief REBT/virtual reality immersion approach to social anxiety disorder. For children and adolescents, a REBT and a rational-emotive educational program address anxiety with interventions tailored to age and developmental considerations. Each protocol suggests measures for screening for suitability and differential diagnosis, explains the usefulness of REBT for the problem, and includes these features: Session-by-session therapist guide with case formulation and relevant techniques.In-session evaluation scales.Client worksheets and exercises.Developmentally appropriate materials for children and adolescents.Agendas for parent sessions to supplement children's therapy.Recommended readings for clients and reference lists for therapists. REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults offers a wealth of proven hands-on knowledge not only for practitioners using REBT in their work, such as therapists, clinical psychologists, and counselors, but also for researchers studying the efficacy of psychotherapy interventions for anxiety disorders.
REBT in the Treatment of Subclinical and Clinical Depression (SpringerBriefs in Psychology)
by Diana Cândea Simona Stefan Silviu Matu Cristina Mogoase Felicia Iftene Daniel David Aurora SzentagotaiThe clinical protocols included in this book are focused both on clinical and subclinical depression and are targeted for both adults and youth. After providing a concise overview on depression and the empirical data supporting the clinical protocols, the book illustrates REBT/CBT protocols that provide essential guidance on how to address depression by practitioners at all levels of expertise (e.g. therapists in training and/or more experienced therapists). The field of psychotherapy research is now at a stage where the efficacy (i.e., how treatments work in controlled studies) and effectiveness (i.e., how treatments work in real life) of psychological treatments have been demonstrated for a large spectrum of disorders (Barlow, 2001). Cognitive – behavior therapies (CBT) are considered the gold standard for empirically validated forms of psychotherapy in the treatment of clinical and subclinical depression, showing short- and long-term effects (see Barlow, 2001; Chambless & Hollon, 1998) that are at least as strong as those of pharmacotherapy (medication) or other therapies (i.e., interpersonal therapy; DeRubeis et al., 200 5; Hollon et al., 2005; Shea et al., 1992) and it is hoped that these treatments will help not only treat but also prevent the onset of major depression (Cuijpers, Smit, & Straten, 2007). Cognitive –behavior therapies are based on the premise that psychological problems stem from dysfunctional cognitions (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979; Ellis, 1962). In CBT, the therapist works with the client to identify and focus upon dysfunctional cognitions to modify them and remedy associated emotional and/or behavior al consequences. Two of the most influential and widespread forms of CBT are cognitive therapy (CT) and rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) (Elis, 1987; David, 2007; David & Szentagotai, 2006).
REBT with Diverse Client Problems and Populations
by Windy Dryden Michael E. BernardThis practice-focused resource demonstrates effective uses of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy methods and techniques in treating clients across various conditions, settings, and subgroups. Client problems featured include both those often associated with REBT (e.g., anxiety, depression, anger) and others noted for complex presentations, difficulties with engagement, and impasses (e.g., addictions, suicidality, psychosis). Challenging treatment populations are covered as well, including women, couples, families, elder and pediatric clients, clients with disabilities, and sexual minorities. These stimulating cases show how well the diversity of clients and their concerns is matched by the flexibility of techniques and applications within REBT. In each chapter, expert therapists: · Identify concepts in REBT especially suited to approaching the problem or population. · Outline best REBT practices in assessment and treatment of the client(s). · Survey evidence-based non-REBT approaches most useful in complementing REBT. · Provide a brief case example representing appropriate REBT in action. · Assess their use of REBT in treating the problem or members of the population. A bedrock text for REBT scholar-practitioners, REBT with Diverse Populations and Problems is a testimony to the continuing usefulness of the therapy and its adaptability as client populations emerge and as the contexts of client problems evolve in response to a demanding world.
Rebuilding Family Relations for Children and Youth Separated from Family
by Sarah Hean Vanessa Heaslip Jonathan Parker Pravin TembjergThis edited volume explores a range of causes for separation of children and young people from family, the impact of these causes, and methods that both professionals and families may employ to build or rebuild these relations. In particular, contributions focus on six high priority crises through which children and young people become either permanently or temporarily separated from their families: removal by child welfare services, migration, family breakdown, placement into institutional care, incarceration and/or the death of a parent. Authors emphasize the feelings of grief and loss experienced both by the child and their family whatever the separation context and the eventual impact on the young person ´s mental health. They conclude that reunification with the family is not always possible or desirable and permanent alternative sources of care and/or attachment may be required. But if reunification is possible, it is a complex and a multidimensional pathway as children move from one care context to the next. Innovation, coproduction with the birth family and tackling stigma and discrimination associated with family separations, is a high priority.
Rebuilding Life after Brain Injury: Dreamtalk (After Brain Injury: Survivor Stories)
by Sheena McDonald Allan Little Gail RobinsonRebuilding Life after Brain Injury: Dreamtalk tells the survival story of Sheena McDonald, who in 1999 was hit by a police van and suffered a very severe brain injury. Sheena’s story is told from her own, personal standpoint and also from two further unique and invaluable perspectives. Allan Little, a BBC journalist and now Sheena’s husband, describes both the physical and mental impact of the injury on himself and on Sheena. Gail Robinson, Sheena’s neuropsychological rehabilitation specialist, provides professional commentaries on Sheena’s condition, assessment and recovery process. The word Dreamtalk, created by Allan to describe Sheena’s once "hallucinogenic state", sets the tone for this book. It humanises and contextualises the impact of brain injury, providing support and encouragement for patients, professionals and families. It presents exclusive insights into each stage of recovery, spanning coma, altered consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia and rehabilitation; all showing how she has defied conventional clinical expectations and made an exceptional recovery. This book is valuable reading to those who have suffered a brain injury and also to professionals such as neurologists, neuropsychologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech therapists working in the field.
Rebuilding Life after Brain Injury: Dreamtalk (After Brain Injury: Survivor Stories)
by Sheena McDonald Allan Little Gail RobinsonRebuilding Life after Brain Injury: Dreamtalk tells the survival story of Sheena McDonald, who in 1999 was hit by a police van and suffered a very severe brain injury. Sheena’s story is told from her own, personal standpoint and also from two further unique and invaluable perspectives. Allan Little, a BBC journalist and now Sheena’s husband, describes both the physical and mental impact of the injury on himself and on Sheena. Gail Robinson, Sheena’s neuropsychological rehabilitation specialist, provides professional commentaries on Sheena’s condition, assessment and recovery process. The word Dreamtalk, created by Allan to describe Sheena’s once "hallucinogenic state", sets the tone for this book. It humanises and contextualises the impact of brain injury, providing support and encouragement for patients, professionals and families. It presents exclusive insights into each stage of recovery, spanning coma, altered consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia and rehabilitation; all showing how she has defied conventional clinical expectations and made an exceptional recovery. This book is valuable reading to those who have suffered a brain injury and also to professionals such as neurologists, neuropsychologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech therapists working in the field.
Rebuilding Lives After Genocide: Migration, Adaptation and Acculturation (Palgrave Studies in Compromise after Conflict)
by Linda AsquithThis book examines how genocide survivors rebuild their lives following migration after genocide. Drawing on a mixture of in-depth interviews and published testimony, it utilises Bourdieu’s concept of social capital to highlight how individuals reconstruct their lives in a new country. The data comprises in-depth interviews with survivors of the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, and the Holocaust. This combination of data allows for a broader analysis of the themes within the data. Overall, Rebuilding Lives After Genocide seeks to demonstrate that a constructivist, grounded theoretical approach to research can draw attention to experiences that have been hidden and unheard. The life of survivors in the wake of genocides is a neglected field, particularly in the context of migration and resettlement. Therefore, this book provides a unique insight into the debate surrounding recovery from victimisation and the intersection between migration and victimisation.
Rebuilding Shattered Lives: Treating Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorders
by James A. ChuPraise for Rebuilding Shattered Lives, Second Edition "In this new edition of Rebuilding Shattered Lives, Dr. Chu distills the wisdom he has gained from many years spent building and directing an extraordinary therapeutic community in a major teaching hospital. Both beginners and experienced clinicians will benefit from this book's unfailing clarity, balance, and pragmatism. An invaluable resource."—Judith L. Herman, MD, Director of Training for the Victims of Violence Program, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA "The need for this work is immense, as is the reward. Thank you, Dr. Chu, for continuing to share your sustaining insight and wisdom in this updated edition."— Christine A. Courtois, founder and principal, Christine A. Courtois PhD & Associates, PLC, Washington, DC; author of Healing the Incest Wound: Adult Survivors in Therapy and Recollections of Sexual Abuse Praise for the first edition: "Dr. James Chu charts a deliberate and thoughtful approach to the treatment of severely traumatized patients. Written in a straightforward style and richly illustrated with clinical vignettes, Rebuilding Shattered Lives is filled with practical advice on therapeutic technique and clinical management. This is a reassuring book that moves beyond the confusion and controversies to address the critical underlying issues and integrate traditional psychotherapy with more recent understanding of the effects of trauma and pathological dissociation." —Frank W. Putnam, MD A fully revised, proven approach to the assessment andtreatment of post-traumatic and dissociative disorders—reflecting treatment advances since 1998 Rebuilding Shattered Lives presents valuable insights into the rebuilding of adult psyches shattered in childhood, drawing on the author's extensive research and clinical experience specializing in treating survivors of severe abuse. The new edition includes: Developments in the treatment of complex PTSD More on neurobiology, crisis management, and psychopharmacology for trauma-related disorders Examination of early attachment relationships and their impact on overall development The impact of disorganized attachment on a child's vulnerability to various forms of victimization An update on the management of special issues This is an essential guide for every therapist working with clients who have suffered severe trauma.
Rebuilding Shattered Lives: Treating Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorders
by James A. ChuPraise for Rebuilding Shattered Lives, Second Edition "In this new edition of Rebuilding Shattered Lives, Dr. Chu distills the wisdom he has gained from many years spent building and directing an extraordinary therapeutic community in a major teaching hospital. Both beginners and experienced clinicians will benefit from this book's unfailing clarity, balance, and pragmatism. An invaluable resource."—Judith L. Herman, MD, Director of Training for the Victims of Violence Program, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA "The need for this work is immense, as is the reward. Thank you, Dr. Chu, for continuing to share your sustaining insight and wisdom in this updated edition."— Christine A. Courtois, founder and principal, Christine A. Courtois PhD & Associates, PLC, Washington, DC; author of Healing the Incest Wound: Adult Survivors in Therapy and Recollections of Sexual Abuse Praise for the first edition: "Dr. James Chu charts a deliberate and thoughtful approach to the treatment of severely traumatized patients. Written in a straightforward style and richly illustrated with clinical vignettes, Rebuilding Shattered Lives is filled with practical advice on therapeutic technique and clinical management. This is a reassuring book that moves beyond the confusion and controversies to address the critical underlying issues and integrate traditional psychotherapy with more recent understanding of the effects of trauma and pathological dissociation." —Frank W. Putnam, MD A fully revised, proven approach to the assessment andtreatment of post-traumatic and dissociative disorders—reflecting treatment advances since 1998 Rebuilding Shattered Lives presents valuable insights into the rebuilding of adult psyches shattered in childhood, drawing on the author's extensive research and clinical experience specializing in treating survivors of severe abuse. The new edition includes: Developments in the treatment of complex PTSD More on neurobiology, crisis management, and psychopharmacology for trauma-related disorders Examination of early attachment relationships and their impact on overall development The impact of disorganized attachment on a child's vulnerability to various forms of victimization An update on the management of special issues This is an essential guide for every therapist working with clients who have suffered severe trauma.
Rebuilding Therapy: Overcoming the Past for a More Effective Future
by Michael GassA breakthrough therapy in the mental health field, Rebuilding Therapy was developed by psychologist Michael Gass, primarily, as a means of assisting individuals and families in rebuilding psychologically from past mistreatment, dysfunction, or trauma. It incorporates methodology, techniques, and theory from Psychodrama, a vital part of Rebuilding Therapy, while integrating Transactional Analysis, primarily Structural Analysis and the influence of Script Analysis, and Redecision Therapy to create its distinctive theoretical foundations, methods, and approaches. Relaxation exercises or relaxation, which is equivalent to hypnosis, is used as needed.Rebuilding Therapy is based on the belief that a person is basically the product of his or her past. Its primary focus is for the patient to clinically relive major abusive, rejecting, traumatic, or negative life experiences in order to face unhealthy feelings, thinking, and decisions associated with them, which the patient can then release, change, and rebuild from. In addition to postbirth experiences, Rebuilding Therapy pays attention to prenatal influences and the birth process, regarding their effect on psychological functioning and personality development, while also addressing these factors therapeutically. Rebuilding Therapy also has the methodology to solely work with present issues as needed. In the first book on this reconstructive therapy, Gass details its theoretical foundations, methodology, and approaches to acquaint mental health and related professionals with its value on a short and long term basis; to expand on the understanding of personality development and psychological functioning; and to further expose this and related psychotherapies for use in other arenas on the local, state, and international levels in such areas as law enforcement, corrections, education, religion, business, politics, and international relations, with the aim of reducing conflict and inappropriate behavior and improving human relationships.
Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry: The Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Convention and Scientific Program of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Washington, D. C., June 10–12, 1966
by Joseph WortisQualitative evaluations of buccal smear specimens have indicated an unusually high incidence of triple-X females in a hospitalized schizo phrenic population. Specimens from adult prisoners have also indicated an unusually high incidence of triple-X females. Studies of a population of confined juvenile offenders, on the other hand, have indicated an unusually high incidence of one-X females. No unusual indications were observed in a population of "normal" volunteer females. The data and their implications are discussed in context with previous observations. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was made possible primarily by research grants from the Scottish Rite Committee on Research in Schizophrenia, The National Association for Mental Health, Inc. Additional support was provided by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, GRS-05563. The study has been supported by the State of Ohio, Department of Mental Hygiene and Correction, Division of Mental Hygiene. The author is particularly indebted to Edward N. Hinko, M.D., Regional Director of Research, whose advice and help made the present study possible. Invaluable cooperation and help have been received from the following administrators and their staffs: F. A. Lingl, M.D. (Cleve land Psychiatric Institute); Martha Wheeler (Ohio Reformatory for Women); M. B. McLane (Scioto Village); M. B. Holmes, M. D., and S. Caruso, M. D. (Massillon State Hospital); G. F. Ogram, M. D. (Athens State Hospital); C. Waltner, M. D. (Woodside Receiving Hospital); A. Mako, M. D. (Fairhill Psychiatric Hospital); and W. G. Stover, M. D.