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Teachers, Learners, Modes of Practice: Theory and Methodology for Identifying Knowledge Development (Explorations in Developmental Psychology)
by David Kirk DirlamSummarizing a half century of work on the problem of identifying units of analysis for complex human behaviour, this book introduces modes of practice as a unit of analysis for the science and design of human activities, and shows how to record them and create field guides at scales from individual to society. Revealing scientific analysis of human practices has been hampered by the lack of a unit of analysis, Dirlam describes how the difficulties of defining a unit are overcome by combining insights from mathematics and human development. Part II presents methods for developmental surveys and interviews that enable social scientists, designers, and education or training assessment professionals to gather data on modes of practice. Part III provides practical descriptions of how to organize interviews into developmental surveys that can be used by a community. Part IV inspires future advances in research and design. Concrete examples from science, design, and learning assessment are used throughout, and the appendix includes the results of 300 developmental interviews, organized into exploratory descriptions of modes of practice and commitment.
Teachers' Learning: Stories of Science Education (Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education #7)
by J. Wallace W. LoudenTeachers' Learning: Stories of Science Education is aimed at science educators who wish for a deeper understanding of how teachers learn to teach science and the role of stories in reporting science education research. It is a fascinating look at the knowledge teachers have and use, how context influences teachers' work, and the role of reflection and collaboration in teachers' learning. At the core of each chapter is a story or group of stories written by or about teachers. These stories serve as a form of data to build a set of arguments about how science teachers grow and the possibilities for change in teaching. This book is designed for all those involved in the science teaching enterprise. Pre-service teachers, graduate students and science education researchers are invited to utilise both the findings about teachers' learning and the research processes employed to develop those findings.
The Teacher's Role in Implementing Cooperative Learning in the Classroom (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Series #8)
by Robyn M. Gillies Adrian Ashman Jan TerwelCooperative learning is widely endorsed as a pedagogical practice that promotes student learning. Recently, the research focus has moved to the role of teachers’ discourse during cooperative learning and its effects on the quality of group discussions and the learning achieved. However, although the benefits of cooperative learning are well documented, implementing this pedagogical practice in classrooms is a challenge that many teachers have difficulties accomplishing. Difficulties may occur because teachers often do not have a clear understanding of the basic tenets of cooperative learning and the research and theoretical perspectives that have informed this practice and how they translate into practical applications that can be used in their classrooms. In effect, what do teachers need to do to affect the benefits widely documented in research? A reluctance to embrace cooperative learning may also be due to the challenge it poses to teachers’ control of the learning process, the demands it places on classroom organisational changes, and the personal commitments teachers need to make to sustain their efforts. Moreover, a lack of understanding of the key role teachers need to play in embedding cooperative learning into the curricula to foster open communication and engagement among teachers and students, promote cooperative investigation and problem-solving, and provide students with emotionally and intellectually stimulating learning environments may be another contributing factor. The Teacher's Role in Implementing Cooperative Learning in the Classroom provides readers with a comprehensive overview of these issues with clear guidelines on how teachers can embed cooperative learning into their classroom curricula to obtain the benefits widely attributed to this pedagogical practice. It does so by using language that is appropriate for both novice and experienced educators. The volume provides: an overview of the major research and theoretical perspectives that underpin the development of cooperative learning pedagogy; outlines how specific small group experiences can promote thinking and learning; discusses the key role teachers play in promoting student discourse; and, demonstrates how interaction style among students and teachers is crucial in facilitating discussion and learning. The collection of chapters includes many practical illustrations, drawn from the contributors’ own research of how teachers can use cooperative learning pedagogy to facilitate thinking and learning among students across different educational settings.
Teachers' Work and Emotions: A Sociological Analysis (Routledge Series on Schools and Schooling in Asia)
by Kwok Kuen TsangBeing a teacher is often thought of as an emotionally fulfilling job, with many positive experiences in watching students grow and mature. However, as Tsang’s research shows, there are plenty of negative emotional experiences in this line of work as well. Given the recent attention towards mental health and well-being, this book addresses these negative experiences and provides recommendations for dealing with them. Focusing on teachers in Hong Kong, Tsang investigates the social mechanisms that arouse such negative emotional experiences, otherwise known as caam2. He asserts that these feelings are socially constructed, and it is only by understanding the causes and feelings can we begin to improve teachers’ emotional well-being and teaching quality. Using a theoretical framework based on a critical review and synthesis of five existing perspectives, including labor process perspective, school administration perspective, emotional labor perspective, social interaction perspective, and teacher identity perspective, Tsang does precisely that, exploring the social process of these emotional experiences and the interplay between teacher agency and social structure. These findings go a long way in ameliorating teacher experiences all over the world.
Teachers' Work and Emotions: A Sociological Analysis (Routledge Series on Schools and Schooling in Asia)
by Kwok Kuen TsangBeing a teacher is often thought of as an emotionally fulfilling job, with many positive experiences in watching students grow and mature. However, as Tsang’s research shows, there are plenty of negative emotional experiences in this line of work as well. Given the recent attention towards mental health and well-being, this book addresses these negative experiences and provides recommendations for dealing with them. Focusing on teachers in Hong Kong, Tsang investigates the social mechanisms that arouse such negative emotional experiences, otherwise known as caam2. He asserts that these feelings are socially constructed, and it is only by understanding the causes and feelings can we begin to improve teachers’ emotional well-being and teaching quality. Using a theoretical framework based on a critical review and synthesis of five existing perspectives, including labor process perspective, school administration perspective, emotional labor perspective, social interaction perspective, and teacher identity perspective, Tsang does precisely that, exploring the social process of these emotional experiences and the interplay between teacher agency and social structure. These findings go a long way in ameliorating teacher experiences all over the world.
Teaching: Festschrift for Professor Eric Hoyle
by David Johnson Rupert MacleanThis book addresses central issues in the professionalisation and deprofessionalisation of teachers. It tackles these issues from different perspectives and in relation to different contexts. The book analyses new managerialism. It also considers possible solutions to two problems in particular: how to achieve accountability without intensification, and how to ensure that school management and leadership functions to support and enhance teachers as professionals.
Teaching Academic Writing in European Higher Education (Studies in Writing #12)
by Lennart Björk Gerd Bräuer Lotte Rienecker Peter Stray JörgensenThis volume describes in detail teaching philosophies, curricular structures, research approaches and organizational models used in European countries. It offers concrete teaching strategies and examples: from individual tutorials to large classes, from face-to-face to web-based teaching, and addresses educational and cultural differences between writing instruction in Europe and the US.
Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practitioner's Guide
by James K. LuiselliThe number of children diagnosed with autism has increased dramatically in the last decade, and a growing number of behavior analysts, psychologists, educators, and speech pathologists-to name a few-are just starting to regularly treat individuals with autism. Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require specialized instruction and behavior support to teach them critical skills and establish a meaningful quality of life. However, these objectives can only be achieved if professional and paraprofessional service providers have access to the most effective evidence-based and empirically supported methods for teaching children with autism. Similarly, practitioners must know about effective intervention methods that can be implemented to reduce and eliminate problem behaviors frequently displayed by people who have ASD. This guide is an indispensible asset, appropriate for any behavioral specialist, on all aspects of this increasingly prevalent disorder. Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder brings together contributed chapters on assessment, instruction, and behavioral intervention procedures unique to the autism population. Each chapter covers a single topic according to a uniform format, which will ease comprehension and facilitate procedural adaptation in "real world" settings such as school, home, and the community. Usable advice and methods for teaching difficult skills, such as self-care, verbal language, and communication, are provided. Authored by recognized experts, the concise and readable chapters also feature forms, illustrations, summary tables, and resource lists to further guide practitioners in selecting "best practice" methods. Taking into account specific settings, different age groups, and practitioner experience, this book will serve as a resource for educators, psychologists, and behavior specialists in the field of autism education and treatment, and as an educational tool for those enrolled in university classes training to become practitioners.
Teaching and Learning: The Essential Readings (Essential Readings in Developmental Psychology)
by Charles Desforges Richard FoxThis is the first collection of key articles on the psychology behind educational attainment. It brings together in one volume for students a set of accessible but influential papers, representing the best classic and cutting edge work in the field.
Teaching and Learning: A Guide for Therapists
by Sally French Susan Neville Jo LaingTeaching and Learning: A Guide for Therapists aims to provide a broad and practical guide to the many teaching methods available to therapists. These range from traditional methods, like the lecture, to those which involve considerable learner participation, such as role play, project work, seminars, and discussion groups. The book discusses clinical teaching and teaching of practical skills, and examines the essential activities of preparation, assessment, and evaluation. Although some attention is given to the processes of learning, the book is essentially a practical guide for the busy clinical therapist, rather than an in-depth treatise for a therapist undertaking a lengthy educational course. Every effort has been made to ensure that the book is accessible to practitioners with no previous knowledge or experience of teaching. It will also be useful to experienced tutors who are keen to extend their expertise. The book is extensively referenced to assist those readers who require further information.
Teaching and Learning About Whole Numbers in Primary School (ICME-13 Topical Surveys)
by Terezinha Nunes Beatriz Vargas Dorneles Pi-Jen Lin Elisabeth Rathgeb-SchniererThis book offers a theory for the analysis of how children learn and are taught about whole numbers. Two meanings of numbers are distinguished – the analytical meaning, defined by the number system, and the representational meaning, identified by the use of numbers as conventional signs that stand for quantities. This framework makes it possible to compare different approaches to making numbers meaningful in the classroom and contrast the outcomes of these diverse aspects of teaching. The book identifies themes and trends in empirical research on the teaching and learning of whole numbers since the launch of the major journals in mathematics education research in the 1970s. It documents a shift in focus in the teaching of arithmetic from research about teaching written algorithms to teaching arithmetic in ways that result in flexible approaches to calculation. The analysis of studies on quantitative reasoning reveals classifications of problem types that are related to different cognitive demands and rates of success in both additive and multiplicative reasoning. Three different approaches to quantitative reasoning education illustrate current thinking on teaching problem solving: teaching reasoning before arithmetic, schema-based instruction, and the use of pre-designed diagrams. The book also includes a summary of contemporary approaches to the description of the knowledge of numbers and arithmetic that teachers need to be effective teachers of these aspects of mathematics in primary school. The concluding section includes a brief summary of the major themes addressed and the challenges for the future. The new theoretical framework presented offers researchers in mathematics education novel insights into the differences between empirical studies in this domain. At the same time the description of the two meanings of numbers helps teachers distinguish between the different aims of teaching about numbers supported by diverse methods used in primary school. The framework is a valuable tool for comparing the different methods and identifying the various assumptions about teaching and learning.
Teaching and Learning Algebraic Thinking with 5- to 12-Year-Olds: The Global Evolution of an Emerging Field of Research and Practice (ICME-13 Monographs)
by Carolyn KieranThis book highlights new developments in the teaching and learning of algebraic thinking with 5- to 12-year-olds. Based on empirical findings gathered in several countries on five continents, it provides a wealth of best practices for teaching early algebra. Building on the work of the ICME-13 (International Congress on Mathematical Education) Topic Study Group 10 on Early Algebra, well-known authors such as Luis Radford, John Mason, Maria Blanton, Deborah Schifter, and Max Stephens, as well as younger scholars from Asia, Europe, South Africa, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, present novel theoretical perspectives and their latest findings. The book is divided into three parts that focus on (i) epistemological/mathematical aspects of algebraic thinking, (ii) learning, and (iii) teaching and teacher development. Some of the main threads running through the book are the various ways in which structures can express themselves in children’s developing algebraic thinking, the roles of generalization and natural language, and the emergence of symbolism. Presenting vital new data from international contexts, the book provides additional support for the position that essential ways of thinking algebraically need to be intentionally fostered in instruction from the earliest grades.
Teaching and Learning Discrete Mathematics Worldwide: Curriculum And Research (ICME-13 Monographs)
by Eric W. Hart James SandefurThis book discusses examples of discrete mathematics in school curricula, including in the areas of graph theory, recursion and discrete dynamical systems, combinatorics, logic, game theory, and the mathematics of fairness. In addition, it describes current discrete mathematics curriculum initiatives in several countries, and presents ongoing research, especially in the areas of combinatorial reasoning and the affective dimension of learning discrete mathematics. Discrete mathematics is the math of our time.' So declared the immediate past president of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, John Dossey, in 1991. Nearly 30 years later that statement is still true, although the news has not yet fully reached school mathematics curricula. Nevertheless, much valuable work has been done, and continues to be done. This volume reports on some of that work. It provides a glimpse of the state of the art in learning and teaching discrete mathematics around the world, and it makes the case once again that discrete mathematics is indeed mathematics for our time, even more so today in our digital age, and it should be included in the core curricula of all countries for all students.
Teaching and Learning Employability Skills in Career and Technical Education: Industry, Educator, and Student Perspectives (Palgrave Studies in Urban Education)
by Will TysonThis book examines how industry-desired employability skills—or “soft skills”—are taught and learned in high school career and technical education (CTE) engineering and engineering technology programs. Identifying, recruiting, and keeping workers with strong personal and interpersonal skills is a constant challenge for STEM employers who need to hire young workers to replace an aging technical workforce. To answer the call, teachers interviewed explained that they maintain regimented daily classroom routines that include individual and small group hands-on activities and projects. In turn, their students explain learning personal responsibility, work ethic, teamwork, leadership, conflict management, and social skills in the classroom. Narratives from the workforce and classroom interweave to put employability skills frameworks into action.
Teaching and Learning English in the Primary School: Interlanguage Pragmatics in the EFL Context (English Language Education #18)
by Gila A. SchauerThis book is the first comprehensive investigation of interlanguage pragmatic issues in a primary school context that is based on both primary school teachers’ statements on their own teaching realities, views and preferences, and a thorough investigation of materials used by teachers and recommended by teacher educators in the state the primary schools are located in. It offers a contrastive analysis of primary school learners acquiring English in a typical English as a foreign language school context and their age peers in the same state that are exposed to English in a school immersion context. This book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, educators in higher education that focus on English language teaching, second language acquisition and applied linguistics. It is also intended for students who are planning to become primary school teachers of English as a foreign language.
Teaching and Learning for Social Justice and Equity in Higher Education: Foundations
by Laura Parson C. Casey OzakiThis book is the first of three edited volumes designed to reconceptualize teaching and learning in higher education through a critical lens, with this inaugural publication focusing on the fundamentals behind the experience. Chapter authors explore recent research on the cognitive science behind teaching and learning, dispel myths on the process, and provide updates to the application of traditional learning theories within the modern, diverse university. Through reviews of fundamental theories of teaching and learning, together with specific classroom practices, this volume applies social justice principles that have been traditionally seen as belonging to K-12 or adult education to higher education.
Teaching and Learning for Social Justice and Equity in Higher Education: Co-curricular Environments
by Laura Parson C. Casey OzakiThis book is the third in a four volume series that focuses on research-based teaching and learning practices that promote social justice and equity in higher education. In this volume, we focus on the application of the scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education outside of the classroom to maximize the effectiveness of student affairs programming. Specifically, authors focus on the application of SoTL in higher education outside of the classroom (e.g., faculty development, leadership, student involvement, student affairs) in ways that promote greater equity and inclusion in higher education. Each chapter includes a description of how higher education may traditionally marginalize students from underrepresented groups, outlines a research-based plan to improve student experiences, and provides a program or activity plan to implement the recommendations from each chapter.
Teaching and Learning in a Community of Thinking: The Third Model
by Yoram HarpazThis book explores a new pedagogical model called The Third Model, which places the encounter between the child and the curriculum at the center of educational theory and practice. The Third Model is implemented in an alternative classroom called Community of Thinking. Teaching and learning in a Community of Thinking is based on three "stations": the fertile question; research; and concluding performance. The essence of a Community of Thinking is the formation of a group of students and teachers who grapple with a troubling question to which they do not know the answer at the outset – and sometimes even at the end of their investigation. The Community of Thinking framework is supported by a whole school model – the Intel-Lect School. The model, or parts of it, is currently implemented in schools in Israel, England, Australia, and New Zealand.The book suggests a new pedagogical narrative based on alternative "atomic pictures" of learning, teaching, knowledge, mind and the aim of education, and a systematic pedagogical practice based on this narrative.
Teaching and Learning in Lower Secondary Schools in the Era of PISA and TIMSS (Professional Learning and Development in Schools and Higher Education #12)
by Kirsti Klette Ole K. Bergem Astrid RoeThis book explores teaching and learning in lower secondary classrooms in the three PISA domains science, mathematics and reading. Based on extensive video documentation from science, math and reading classrooms in Norwegian secondary schooling, it analyzes how offered and experienced teaching and learning opportunities in these three subject areas support students’ learning. The in-depth investigations of video documentation are combined with analysis of the Norwegian PISA results in order to understand how teaching and learning in science, mathematics and reading can be improved. Recent reviews indicate that instructional practice does make a difference to students learning - and is more important than other factors including students’ socioeconomic background, class size, classroom climate, and teachers’ experience and formal training. This book opens the discussion on a European basis about contemporary challenges in teaching and learning in secondary schooling. Norway as a test bed is particularly interesting due to its long tradition with national curricula, and its unitary and non- streamed structure. Furthermore, ideas of educational progressivism and students’ active ways of working (such as individualized teaching, adapted teaching, inquiry based teaching etc.) have for a long time been actively promoted within Norwegian educational policies. The book draws on analyses that combine expertise in psychometrics and video-based micro genetic classroom studies with expertise in domain-specific instruction (math, science and reading). It feeds the conversation how issues of communication patterns are dealt with and made productive within different instructional formats, and presents possibilities to compare and analyze instructional formats and discursive practices for students’ learning.
Teaching and Learning in Maths Classrooms: Emerging Themes in Affect-related Research: Teachers' Beliefs, Students' Engagement and Social Interaction (Research in Mathematics Education)
by Chiara Andrà, Domenico Brunetto, Esther Levenson and Peter LiljedahlThe book presents a selection of the most relevant talks given at the 21st MAVI conference, held at the Politecnico di Milano. The first section is dedicated to classroom practices and beliefs regarding those practices, taking a look at prospective or practicing teachers’ views of different practices such as decision-making, the roles of explanations, problem-solving, patterning, and the use of play. Of major interest to MAVI participants is the relationship between teachers’ professed beliefs and classroom practice, aspects that provide the focus of the second section. Three papers deal with teacher change, which is notoriously difficult, even when the teachers themselves are interested in changing their practice. In turn, the book’s third section centers on the undercurrents of teaching and learning mathematics, which can surface in various situations, causing tensions and inconsistencies. The last section of this book takes a look at emerging themes in affect-related research, witha particular focus on attitudes towards assessment. The book offers a valuable resource for all teachers and researchers working in this area.
Teaching and Learning in the (dis)Comfort Zone: A Guide for New Teachers and Literacy Coaches
by D. Jensen D. Eldridge Y. Hu J. TutenThe novice teacher and literacy coach need to form a team to share their expertise and continually evolve, to have opportunity for guided reflection and self-assessment of practice. This book shares these professional experiences which delineates and describes the (dis)comfort of teaching and learning at the edge of the teachers' comfort zone.
Teaching and Learning in the Science Laboratory (Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education #16)
by Dimitris Psillos H. NieddererThis book aims to improve the design and organization of innovative laboratory practices and to provide tools and exemplary results for the evaluation of their effectiveness, adequate for labwork in order to promote students' scientific understanding in a variety of countries. The papers are based on research and developmental work carried out in the context of the European Project "Labwork in Science Education" (LSE). This substantial and significant body of research is now made available in English.
Teaching and Learning Mathematical Modelling: Approaches and Developments from German Speaking Countries (ICME-13 Topical Surveys)
by Gilbert Greefrath Katrin VorhölterThis survey provides an overview of the German discussion on modelling and applications in schools. It considers the development from the beginning of the 20th century to the present, and discusses the term “mathematical model” as well as different representations of the modelling process as modelling cycles. Different trends in the historical and current debate on applications and modelling can be differentiated as perspectives of modelling. Modelling is now one of the six general mathematical competencies defined in the educational standards for mathematics introduced in Germany in 2003, and there have been several initiatives to implement modelling in schools, as well as a whole range of empirical research projects focusing on teachers or students in modelling processes. As a special kind for implementing modelling into school, modelling weeks and days carried out by various German universities have been established.
Teaching and Learning of Calculus (ICME-13 Topical Surveys)
by David Bressoud Imène Ghedamsi Victor Martinez-Luaces Günter TörnerThis survey focuses on the main trends in the field of calculus education. Despite their variety, the findings reveal a cornerstone issue that is strongly linked to the formalism of calculus concepts and to the difficulties it generates in the learning and teaching process. As a complement to the main text, an extended bibliography with some of the most important references on this topic is included. Since the diversity of the research in the field makes it difficult to produce an exhaustive state-of-the-art summary, the authors discuss recent developments that go beyond this survey and put forward new research questions.
Teaching and Learning of Energy in K – 12 Education
by Robert F. Chen Arthur Eisenkraft David Fortus Joseph Krajcik Knut Neumann Jeffrey Nordine Allison ScheffThis volume presents current thoughts, research, and findings that were presented at a summit focusing on energy as a cross-cutting concept in education, involving scientists, science education researchers and science educators from across the world. The chapters cover four key questions: what should students know about energy, what can we learn from research on teaching and learning about energy, what are the challenges we are currently facing in teaching students this knowledge, and what needs be done to meet these challenges in the future? Energy is one of the most important ideas in all of science and it is useful for predicting and explaining phenomena within every scientific discipline. The challenge for teachers is to respond to recent policies requiring them to teach not only about energy as a disciplinary idea but also about energy as an analytical framework that cuts across disciplines. Teaching energy as a crosscutting concept can equip a new generation of scientists and engineers to think about the latest cross-disciplinary problems, and it requires a new approach to the idea of energy.This book examines the latest challenges of K-12 teaching about energy, including how a comprehensive understanding of energy can be developed. The authors present innovative strategies for learning and teaching about energy, revealing overlapping and diverging views from scientists and science educators. The reader will discover investigations into the learning progression of energy, how understanding of energy can be examined, and proposals for future directions for work in this arena.Science teachers and educators, science education researchers and scientists themselves will all find the discussions and research presented in this book engaging and informative.