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The Developing Countries and the World Economic Order (Bloomsbury Academic Collections: Economics)
by Lars Anell Birgitta NygrenThe Developing Countries and the World Economic Order provides a lucid introduction to the debate about the developing countries and the quest for a New International Economic Order. The primary objective is to indicate some of the fundamental requirements that must be satisfied by an equitable world order.Since the present economic situation and demands of developing countries cannot be understood thoroughly without prior knowledge of how the present world order has evolved, Part I begins with a detailed historical survey. An account of economic development up to the Second World War and of the colonial heritage of the developing countries is followed by a description of the way in which the postwar world order came into being. Part II analyses more recent developments, including the central demands of developing countries and the background to these demands, and outlines a new perspective on the NIEO programme with suggestions are offered on how the developing countries could secure for themselves a larger share of the world's resources.A major theme of the book is that important changes in the world order take place irrespective of the recommendations adopted at international conferences.
Developing Informed Intuition for Decision-Making (Data Analytics Applications)
by Jay LiebowitzThis book examines how to develop the main traits that are necessary to become an “informed intuitant”. Case studies and examples of successful “informed intuitants” are a major component of the book. “Intuitant” is someone who has the intuitive awareness to be successful. “Informed intuitant” indicates that the individual/decision maker not only applies his/her intuition but also verifies it through using data-driven approaches (such as data analytics). Some of this work resulted from research examining how well do executives trust their intuition.
Developing Informed Intuition for Decision-Making (Data Analytics Applications)
by Jay LiebowitzThis book examines how to develop the main traits that are necessary to become an “informed intuitant”. Case studies and examples of successful “informed intuitants” are a major component of the book. “Intuitant” is someone who has the intuitive awareness to be successful. “Informed intuitant” indicates that the individual/decision maker not only applies his/her intuition but also verifies it through using data-driven approaches (such as data analytics). Some of this work resulted from research examining how well do executives trust their intuition.
Developing Iran: Company Towns, Architecture, and the Global Powers (Routledge Research in Architectural History)
by Hamidreza Mahboubi SoufianiThis book examines the emergence of modern company towns in Iran by delineating the architectural, political, and industrial histories of three distinct resource-based ‘company town’ projects built in association with the ‘Big Three’ powers of World War II. The book’s narrative builds upon a tripartite research design that chronologically traces the formation and development of the oil, steel, and copper industries, respectively favoured by Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States in this part of the world. By applying three sets of comparative studies, the book provides critical vantage points to three different ideological design paradigms: postcolonial regionalism, socialist universalism, and rationalist modern nation building. From a global political context, the book contributes to the disclosure of new information about the geopolitical confrontation of these three nations in the Global South to increase their sphere of influence after the Second World War. Furthermore, it demonstrates how postwar architectural modernism was adopted by each power and adapted to their ideological mind frame to fulfil distinct social, cultural, political, and economic targets. This book examines multiple interconnections between architecture, politics, and industrial development by adopting a transdisciplinary approach based on comprehensive fieldwork, site surveys, and the analysis of original multilingual documents. As such, it will be of interest to researchers and students of architecture, history, international relations, and Middle Eastern studies.
Developing Iran: Company Towns, Architecture, and the Global Powers (Routledge Research in Architectural History)
by Hamidreza Mahboubi SoufianiThis book examines the emergence of modern company towns in Iran by delineating the architectural, political, and industrial histories of three distinct resource-based ‘company town’ projects built in association with the ‘Big Three’ powers of World War II. The book’s narrative builds upon a tripartite research design that chronologically traces the formation and development of the oil, steel, and copper industries, respectively favoured by Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States in this part of the world. By applying three sets of comparative studies, the book provides critical vantage points to three different ideological design paradigms: postcolonial regionalism, socialist universalism, and rationalist modern nation building. From a global political context, the book contributes to the disclosure of new information about the geopolitical confrontation of these three nations in the Global South to increase their sphere of influence after the Second World War. Furthermore, it demonstrates how postwar architectural modernism was adopted by each power and adapted to their ideological mind frame to fulfil distinct social, cultural, political, and economic targets. This book examines multiple interconnections between architecture, politics, and industrial development by adopting a transdisciplinary approach based on comprehensive fieldwork, site surveys, and the analysis of original multilingual documents. As such, it will be of interest to researchers and students of architecture, history, international relations, and Middle Eastern studies.
Developing Maths Lesson Planning and Frameworks: Mastery, Logic and Reasoning in the Classroom
by Chris Brown Linda Yuqian Wang Jeremy Dawson“This book highlights the essential relationship between lesson planning and key mathematical elements such as mastery and reasoning. The exemplification of ideas through useful classroom strategies gives the book a practical basis, as well as theoretical. I have no doubt that even experienced teachers will find this book enlightening and encourage them to re-evaluate elements of their practice.”Hayley Hands, Secondary PGCE Mathematics Lead, Newcastle University, UK“Developing Maths Lesson Planning and Frameworks provides much food for thought and includes many immediate ‘take aways’ to reflect on or try out. This book will help enhance any maths teacher's lesson planning, from the trainee teacher to the experienced practitioner.”Rose-Marie Rochester, Archimedes NE Maths Hub Lead/BHCET Director of Maths, UKAddressing the maths skills gap, Wang et al. propose a new method for maths lesson planning that harnesses the power of reasoning in mathematics teaching. Using a pedagogical approach called the Causal Connectivity Framework (CCF), this book helps teachers to support students in actively discovering the logical foundations upon which classroom activities are linked together. The authors have diverse expertise and experiences as maths teachers, teacher educators and researchers, and this alternative approach is the result of long-term collaboration aimed at building up successful maths lessons from the very first steps – lesson planning.Developing Maths Lesson Planning and Frameworks:•Offers practical advice within a theoretical framework•Ties in with UK National Curriculum requirements•Contains detailed practical examples and visual aids throughoutReasoning is a critical component of maths learning, making this essential reading for maths teachers and teacher trainees as they help students to achieve maths mastery. Linda Wang is Assistant Professor and PGCE secondary maths Lead at Durham University, UK. She is particularly interested in curriculum design at both secondary and lower primary level mathematics, and developing the educational impact partnership model to deliver Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to future-orientate Mathematics education.Chris Brown is Professor of Education at the University of Southampton, UK. His research interests include using Professional Learning Networks (PLNs) to promote the collaborative learning of teachers, as well as how research evidence can and should, but often doesn’t, aid the development of education policy and practice.Jeremy Dawson is Area Co-ordinator for the Advanced Maths Support Programme at Durham University, UK. He has worked in a variety of diverse school settings around North East England and has extensive experience of teaching mathematics from KS2-KS5, as well as contributing and assisting on gifted and talented programs for prospective university entrants.
Developing Multiprofessional Teamwork for Integrated Children's Services: Research, Policy, Practice (UK Higher Education OUP Humanities & Social Sciences Education OUP)
by Nick Frost Mark RobinsonThere is continuing emphasis on delivering services for children through 'joined up' thinking and integrated working. This fully updated new edition is an important practical resource for all professionals charged with planning, implementing and evaluating multi-professional teamwork and practice in children's services. The book investigates the reality for professionals behind the rhetoric of 'joined up' thinking and explores the perspectives of professionals about the impact of multi-agency teamwork on their professional knowledge and their ways of working. In addition it identifies dilemmas and challenges and presents exemplars of good practice. It skillfully combines theoretical perspectives, research evidence from the 'real world' of children's services and reflections on policy and practice in inter-agency services in England. Retaining its popular approach and reflecting the numerous changes to policy, practice and research the book: Exemplifies what multi-professional work looks like in practice Examines real dilemmas faced by professionals trying to make it work, and shows how these dilemmas can be resolved Considers lessons to be learnt, implications for practice and recommendations for making multi-professional practice effectiveAs well as supportive guidance, useful theoretical frameworks and helpful evidence-based insights into practice, this new edition has been expanded to include a whole new section covering emerging themes in working together such as 'sexploitation' and children's 'front door' approaches to integrated working.Written by a multi-disciplinary writing team and without the use of unnecessary jargon, this book is a key resource for students on courses studying early childhood and families, as well as social workers, teachers, family support workers, health workers, and managers of a range of children and youth services.
Developing Play for the Under 3s: The Treasure Basket and Heuristic Play
by Anita M. HughesWe currently live in a two dimensional world of tapping and sliding fingers on screens, but babies and young children need to touch, taste, smell, shake and bang three dimensional objects in order to develop thinking and learning skills. The Treasure Basket and Heuristic play approach is all about offering natural and household objects to babies and young children to play with. This simple approach promotes extraordinary capacities of concentration, intellectual curiosity and manipulative mastery. Full of resource ideas and activities, this book offers accessible explanations of how the under 3’s think and learn, step by step guidance for setting up play sessions and descriptions of the best materials to offer. Featuring original interviews between the author and Elinor Goldschmied, who was the pioneer of the Treasure Basket and Heuristic Play, this third edition of Developing Play for the Under 3s has been thoroughly updated to include: A new chapter with case studies to show how Heuristic Play can be offered to the 2-4 year olds. A new chapter exploring the myths and misunderstandings of this approach. Links to the Forest School movement. Research evidence supported by case studies. The characteristics of effective learning and how the Treasure Basket and Heuristic Play promote these. Information about the Froebel Archive project, bringing the story of Elinor Goldschmied’s work alive through film. Based on a wealth of research into how babies learn and the principles of learning, together with the author’s own personal experience of working with the under 3s, this book will be indispensable for anyone involved in the care and development of children in this age group.
Developing Play for the Under 3s: The Treasure Basket and Heuristic Play
by Anita M. HughesWe currently live in a two dimensional world of tapping and sliding fingers on screens, but babies and young children need to touch, taste, smell, shake and bang three dimensional objects in order to develop thinking and learning skills. The Treasure Basket and Heuristic play approach is all about offering natural and household objects to babies and young children to play with. This simple approach promotes extraordinary capacities of concentration, intellectual curiosity and manipulative mastery. Full of resource ideas and activities, this book offers accessible explanations of how the under 3’s think and learn, step by step guidance for setting up play sessions and descriptions of the best materials to offer. Featuring original interviews between the author and Elinor Goldschmied, who was the pioneer of the Treasure Basket and Heuristic Play, this third edition of Developing Play for the Under 3s has been thoroughly updated to include: A new chapter with case studies to show how Heuristic Play can be offered to the 2-4 year olds. A new chapter exploring the myths and misunderstandings of this approach. Links to the Forest School movement. Research evidence supported by case studies. The characteristics of effective learning and how the Treasure Basket and Heuristic Play promote these. Information about the Froebel Archive project, bringing the story of Elinor Goldschmied’s work alive through film. Based on a wealth of research into how babies learn and the principles of learning, together with the author’s own personal experience of working with the under 3s, this book will be indispensable for anyone involved in the care and development of children in this age group.
Developing Professional Practice in the Early Years
by Maureen Lee Shirley Allen Mary Whalley Angela ScollanDeveloping Professional Practice in the Early Years encourages the reader to critically consider key aspects of early childhood education and care. The book is a valuable and accessible tool for those on professional pathways to Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) or Early Years Teacher Status (EYTS) or those engaged in Early Childhood Studies programmes or similar degree programmes courses relating to early years practice. This book will also be of interest to those engaged in continuous professional development (CPD) programmes. The book recognises the important contribution that early years education and care can make to children’s future outcomes. It can be read in-depth or dipped into when need arises. Each chapter will help the reader to engage with challenging concepts and ideas which underpin early childhood policy and practice. Strong practical elements to the book aim to support the application of learning to high quality practice with young children.The generic term ‘early childhood professional’ is used throughout the book to encompass the diversity of roles within early childhood practice. The book aims to support the reader to critically consider the complexity of ‘being professional’ in contemporary early childhood practice by providing a strong theoretical and practice-based framework of the role and context of the early childhood professional.Key features of the book include:• Reflective tasks to support critical thinking about key aspects of professional practice• Case studies to enable the reader to learn from stories and situations about real professionals and their practice• Positive Practice Impact (PPI) boxes to provide specific examples of good professional practice in early childhood.Each chapter of this essential text concludes by signposting further reading – book chapters, journal articles, websites – to build greater depth of knowledge and extend the reader’s understanding of early childhood theory and practice.
Developing Writers in Higher Education: A Longitudinal Study (Sweetland Digital Rhetoric Collaborative)
by Anne R GereFor undergraduates following any course of study, it is essential to develop the ability to write effectively. Yet the processes by which students become more capable and ready to meet the challenges of writing for employers, the wider public, and their own purposes remain largely invisible. Developing Writers in Higher Education shows how learning to write for various purposes in multiple disciplines leads college students to new levels of competence. This volume draws on an in-depth study of the writing and experiences of 169 University of Michigan undergraduates, using statistical analysis of 322 surveys, qualitative analysis of 131 interviews, use of corpus linguistics on 94 electronic portfolios and 2,406 pieces of student writing, and case studies of individual students to trace the multiple paths taken by student writers. Topics include student writers’ interaction with feedback; perceptions of genre; the role of disciplinary writing; generality and certainty in student writing; students’ concepts of voice and style; students’ understanding of multimodal and digital writing; high school’s influence on college writers; and writing development after college. The digital edition offers samples of student writing, electronic portfolios produced by student writers, transcripts of interviews with students, and explanations of some of the analysis conducted by the contributors. This is an important book for researchers and graduate students in multiple fields. Those in writing studies get an overview of other longitudinal studies as well as key questions currently circulating. For linguists, it demonstrates how corpus linguistics can inform writing studies. Scholars in higher education will gain a new perspective on college student development. The book also adds to current understandings of sociocultural theories of literacy and offers prospective teachers insights into how students learn to write. Finally, for high school teachers, this volume will answer questions about college writing.
Development and Stabilization in Small Open Economies: Theories and Evidence from Caribbean Experience (Europa Perspectives: Emerging Economies)
by DeLisle WorrellThis book analyses and explains the nature of the economies of small countries and territories. It includes an assessment of material prosperity in 41 small open economies worldwide, with case studies focusing on the Caribbean and Central America, with a review of the development of their economies in recent decades. The volume recommends a suite of economic policy tools for the management of these economies, demonstrating how these may best be employed in economies that live and breathe through international commerce. Among observations of interest is the fact that the devaluation of the local currency of a small nation makes the country worse off; even a currency that maintains its value is little more than a trophy, of little value if it is not readily convertible into US dollars. Also, that while government policies affect international competitiveness and a small country's growth prospects, more important is how governments use additional resources to improve the quality of health and educational services. Moreover, economic windfalls such as the discovery of mineral resources seldom bring prosperity commensurate with their economic value, and never in the short run. The volume will offer invaluable information and analysis to researchers and policy makers investigating small open economies.
Development and Stabilization in Small Open Economies: Theories and Evidence from Caribbean Experience (Europa Perspectives: Emerging Economies)
by DeLisle WorrellThis book analyses and explains the nature of the economies of small countries and territories. It includes an assessment of material prosperity in 41 small open economies worldwide, with case studies focusing on the Caribbean and Central America, with a review of the development of their economies in recent decades. The volume recommends a suite of economic policy tools for the management of these economies, demonstrating how these may best be employed in economies that live and breathe through international commerce. Among observations of interest is the fact that the devaluation of the local currency of a small nation makes the country worse off; even a currency that maintains its value is little more than a trophy, of little value if it is not readily convertible into US dollars. Also, that while government policies affect international competitiveness and a small country's growth prospects, more important is how governments use additional resources to improve the quality of health and educational services. Moreover, economic windfalls such as the discovery of mineral resources seldom bring prosperity commensurate with their economic value, and never in the short run. The volume will offer invaluable information and analysis to researchers and policy makers investigating small open economies.
Development Financing: A Framework for International Financial Co-operation (Bloomsbury Academic Collections: Economics)
by Salah Al-ShaikhlyDevelopment Financing tackles the complicated subject of how to aid and finance the development of LEDCs. The problem, according to the writers, has not been whether or not to negotiate, but rather where and what should be negotiated when it came to tackling third world debt. As the debate reaches a stand-off between the more economically developed and less economically developed countries, this book offers several sets of perspectives (in a selection of essays) on how to appropriately manage the thorny issues of development financing.
The Development of Aesthetic Experience: Curriculum Issues in Arts Education
by Malcolm RossCurriculum Issues in Arts Education, Volume 3: The Development of Aesthetic Experience focuses on the processes, methodologies, and approaches involved in the development of aesthetic experience, including art education, developmental theories, and aesthetic assessment. The book first tackles the concept of aesthetic development and aesthetic dimension in art education. The text then explores the psychological viewpoint of aesthetic development and aesthetic development in music. Topics include music education, music and function, task of teachers, developmental relationships between processes or roles, and uses and misuses of developmental theories.The publication ponders on the role of teachers and students, aesthetic development in dance, and drama as learning, art, and aesthetic experience. The manuscript then examines emotional development in adolescence, meaning in aesthetic experience, and aesthetic assessment and the reliability factor.The book is a reliable source of information for educators and readers interested in the development of aesthetic experience.
The Development of Autism: A Self-Regulatory Perspective
by Thomas L. WhitmanTom Whitman proposes a new developmental theory of autism that focuses on the diversity of characteristics associated with this disorder, and how these develop over time. This theory is reconciled and integrated with contemporary theories of autism, including the social, cognitive, linguistic, sensorimotor and biological perspectives.
The Development of Eco-Phenomenology as An Interpretative Paradigm of The Living World: Applications in Pandemic Times (Analecta Husserliana #124)
by Daniela Verducci Maija KūleThis volume presents eco-phenomenology’s role in pandemics and post-pandemics and takes up the task of eco-phenomenology as a unified project by not focusing on naturalizing phenomenology but rather exploring the full range of possibilities - such as creative acts and self-individualization – in dealing with ecological threats. Eco-phenomenological developments are based on the main concepts of “phenomenology of life”, as created by Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. This volume also uniquely explores the Covid-19 pandemic as a phenomenologically interpreted and ecological phenomenon. It appeals to students and researchers working in the fields of phenomenology and environmental philosophy.
The Development of Mathematics Throughout the Centuries: A Brief History in a Cultural Context
by Brian EvansThroughout the book, readers take a journey throughout time and observe how people around the world have understood these patterns of quantity, structure, and dimension around them. The Development of Mathematics Throughout the Centuries: A Brief History in a Cultural Contex provides a brief overview of the history of mathematics in a very straightforward and understandable manner and also addresses major findings that influenced the development of mathematics as a coherent discipline. This book: Highlights the contributions made by various world cultures including African, Egyptian, Babylonian, Chinese, Indian, Islamic, and pre-Columbian American mathematics Features an approach that is not too rigorous and is ideal for a one-semester course of the history of mathematics. Includes a Resources and Recommended Reading section for further exploration and has been extensively classroom-tested
The Development of Mathematics Throughout the Centuries: A Brief History in a Cultural Context
by Brian EvansThroughout the book, readers take a journey throughout time and observe how people around the world have understood these patterns of quantity, structure, and dimension around them. The Development of Mathematics Throughout the Centuries: A Brief History in a Cultural Contex provides a brief overview of the history of mathematics in a very straightforward and understandable manner and also addresses major findings that influenced the development of mathematics as a coherent discipline. This book: Highlights the contributions made by various world cultures including African, Egyptian, Babylonian, Chinese, Indian, Islamic, and pre-Columbian American mathematics Features an approach that is not too rigorous and is ideal for a one-semester course of the history of mathematics. Includes a Resources and Recommended Reading section for further exploration and has been extensively classroom-tested
Development of the Constitutions in China and the Visegrad States: A Comparative Perspective
by Lu DaThis book deals with the development of constitutional law in China and Visegrad states by employing a comparative perspective. It is the first time that the researcher compared the constitutional development in the China and the Visegrad states. It offers a few glimpses of development of constitution in the (former) socialist states to readers who are interested in the constitutional law or China–V4 relations. With the increased cooperation between China and V4 countries, this book gives the undergraduates in the university to think about the BRI and 17+1 network from a Chinese perspective. Last, compared to the previous works which mainly focus on North America and/or Western Europe, this book provides a new angle on comparative constitutional law.
Developmental Coordination Disorder: Hints and Tips for the Activities of Daily Living
by Morven BallThis easy-to-read booklet answers commonly asked questions about DCD and presents all the necessary information to aid parents, carers and professionals in selecting the best options for their child. In clearly laid out chapters, the author describes the features of DCD and provides practical solutions.
Developmental Editing: A Handbook for Freelancers, Authors, and Publishers (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing)
by Scott NortonEditing is a tricky business. It requires analytical flair and creative panache, the patience of a saint and the vision of a writer. Transforming a manuscript into a book that edifies, inspires, and sells? That’s the job of the developmental editor, whose desk is the first stop for many manuscripts on the road to bookdom—a route ably mapped out in the pages of Developmental Editing. Author Scott Norton has worked with a diverse range of authors, editors, and publishers, and his handbook provides an approach to developmental editing that is logical, collaborative, humorous, and realistic. He starts with the core tasks of shaping the proposal, finding the hook, and building the narrative or argument, and then turns to the hard work of executing the plan and establishing a style. Developmental Editing includes detailed case studies featuring a variety of nonfiction books—election-year polemic, popular science, memoir, travel guide—and authors ranging from first-timer to veteran, journalist to scholar. Handy sidebars offer advice on how to become a developmental editor, create effective illustration programs, and adapt sophisticated fiction techniques (such as point of view, suspense, plotting, character, and setting) to nonfiction writing. Norton’s book also provides freelance copyeditors with a way to earn higher fees while introducing more creativity into their work lives. It gives acquisitions, marketing, and production staff a vocabulary for diagnosing a manuscript’s flaws and techniques for transforming it into a bestseller. And perhaps most importantly, Developmental Editing equips authors with the concrete tools they need to reach their audiences.
Developmental Editing, Second Edition: A Handbook for Freelancers, Authors, and Publishers (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing)
by Scott NortonThe only guide dedicated solely to developmental editing, now revised and updated with new exercises and a chapter on fiction. Developmental editing—transforming a manuscript into a book that edifies, inspires, and sells—is a special skill, and Scott Norton is one of the best at it. With more than three decades of experience in the field, Norton offers his expert advice on how to approach the task of diagnosing and fixing structural problems with book manuscripts in consultation with authors and publishers. He illustrates these principles through a series of detailed case studies featuring before-and-after tables of contents, samples of edited text, and other materials to make an otherwise invisible process tangible. This revised edition for the first time includes exercises that allow readers to edit sample materials and compare their work with that of an experienced professional as well as a new chapter on the unique challenges of editing fiction. In addition, it features expanded coverage of freelance business arrangements, self-published authors, e-books, content marketing, and more. Whether you are an aspiring or experienced developmental editor or an author who works alongside one, you will benefit from Norton’s accessible, collaborative, and realistic approach and guidance. This handbook offers the concrete and essential tools it takes to help books to find their voice and their audience.
Developmental Editing, Second Edition: A Handbook for Freelancers, Authors, and Publishers (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing)
by Scott NortonThe only guide dedicated solely to developmental editing, now revised and updated with new exercises and a chapter on fiction. Developmental editing—transforming a manuscript into a book that edifies, inspires, and sells—is a special skill, and Scott Norton is one of the best at it. With more than three decades of experience in the field, Norton offers his expert advice on how to approach the task of diagnosing and fixing structural problems with book manuscripts in consultation with authors and publishers. He illustrates these principles through a series of detailed case studies featuring before-and-after tables of contents, samples of edited text, and other materials to make an otherwise invisible process tangible. This revised edition for the first time includes exercises that allow readers to edit sample materials and compare their work with that of an experienced professional as well as a new chapter on the unique challenges of editing fiction. In addition, it features expanded coverage of freelance business arrangements, self-published authors, e-books, content marketing, and more. Whether you are an aspiring or experienced developmental editor or an author who works alongside one, you will benefit from Norton’s accessible, collaborative, and realistic approach and guidance. This handbook offers the concrete and essential tools it takes to help books to find their voice and their audience.
Developments in Japanese Economics
by Ryuzo Sato Takashi NegishiDevelopments in Japanese Economics provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the developments in Japanese economics. This book presents the process innovative aspect of Japanese science and technology.Organized into three parts encompassing 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the heterogeneous capital goods model that is stable even with an infinitely short forecast. This text then emphasizes that the changes in capital accumulation are relevant for economic growth and decline. Other chapters consider the examples of how Japanese economists apply theory to empirical endeavors. This book discusses as well the durable capital stock of the Japanese manufacturing industries. The final chapter attempts to investigate the validity of the theory of self-dual demand functions, which can be integrated into consumer's utility function, by using both Japanese and U.S. data.This book is a valuable resource for economists, sociologists, political scientists, financial historians, statisticians, and research workers.