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The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 5: The Philosophy of the Grammarians

by Harold G. Coward K. Kunjunni Raja

This volume of the monumental reference series being prepared under the general editorship of Karl Potter provides summaries of the main works in the Grammarian tradition of Indian philosophy. Describing the functions of language on different levels, from ordinary empirical speech to the poetic intuition of the divine, the Grammarians sought to demonstrate that the correct grammatical use of language and the devotional chanting of mantras are ways of moving from lower to higher stages of knowledge and self-realization. This work gives special emphasis to the thought of Bhartrhari, the great systematizer of the Grammarian philosophy. For those unacquainted with Indian philosophy, the editors' introduction provides an explanation of the basic concepts found in the Grammarian texts.Grammarian thought is based on the Vedas, and the writings of Panini, Patanjali, Bhartrhari, and others develop implicit Vedic ideas about language and its function. Their works combine a grammatical analysis of Sanskrit language with a philosophy that takes language as divine.Originally published in 1991.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Encyclopedia of International Accounting (Elgar Encyclopedias in Economics and Finance series)


This Encyclopedia presents a comprehensive overview of international accounting. Top scholars in the field highlight key issues such as accounting standards, sustainability reporting, ethical standards, corporate governance, theories of regulation, and international institutions.With an examination of core concepts and definitions surrounding international accounting, including tax havens, money laundering, international auditing, and global accounting standards, it covers both key theories and current challenges in the field. Theories of regulation form a framework for entries to explain why governments intervene in markets in order to regulate economic activities, covering public interest theory, capture theory, rent-seeking theory, institutional theory, and regulatory competition theory. The Encyclopedia further looks at issues connected to globalization such as the benefits and costs of adopting international financial reporting standards, the major factors affecting international accounting practices, and the challenges of managing multinational corporations.Key Features:Entries divided into thematic sections for ease of referenceSummarizes trends of qualitative and quantitative research in international accountingIncludes commentaries on 167 cross-continent jurisdictions regarding the adoption of international financial reporting standardsOutlines the institutions linked to international accounting practices, including the IASB, IFAC, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade OrganisationThis Encyclopedia is an insightful read for accounting scholars, international accounting regulators, and practitioners in accounting, audit firms, and business.

Encyclopedia of International Strategic Management (Elgar Encyclopedias in Business and Management series)


This dynamic Encyclopedia presents succinct definitions, explanations and compact reviews of a comprehensive range of topics in the continually evolving field of International Strategic Management (ISM). A diverse and international collective of eminent scholars and thought leaders leverage their research expertise to present concise reviews of the state-of-the-art of research in ISM, exploring the manifold aspects of firms’ global strategies. With more than 90 carefully selected entries, spanning from asset recombination to foreign ownership, and from global mergers and acquisitions to the Uppsala Model, the Encyclopedia captures the breadth and depth of the multifunctional and multidisciplinary field of ISM. Offering clear definitions of the key concepts and theories in ISM, this cutting-edge Encyclopedia will be an invaluable reference tool for doctoral students and scholars of international business, strategic management, and economics and finance. Its practical insights will also benefit practitioners, managers and policy makers in management fields. Key Features: 95 concise and fully cross-referenced entriesExamines the key actors within and around the multinational firmDiscusses linkages and distinctions between key concepts and theoriesAnalyzes the challenges faced by multinational firms in designing and implementing strategies in the global economy

Encyclopedia of Invasive Species [2 volumes]: From Africanized Honey Bees to Zebra Mussels [2 volumes]

by Susan L. Woodward Joyce A. Quinn

This two-volume set provides a one-stop resource on invasive plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that are threatening native ecosystems, agriculture, economies, and human health in the United States.Kudzu vine and field bindweed. Eurasian collared-doves, Burmese pythons, and black rats. The northern snakehead and the gypsy moth. All of these are examples of invasive species that have taken over or are threatening certain ecosystems—places where these organisms never naturally occurred. This two-volume work contains 168 entries on plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that are invasive in the United States, providing a complete examination of the variety of organisms, pathways, distribution patterns, and impacts of non-native species introduced to this country.Encyclopedia of Invasive Species: From Africanized Honey Bees to Zebra Mussels begins with a background essay that illuminates the complexities of dealing with invasive animals and plants. Each entry provides information on the origins and invasion history of the species in question as well as a general description of the biology and ecology of each organism. Impacts—actual and potential, as well as management strategies—are addressed. Every species is depicted via photographs as well as maps that show its place of origin and invaded regions in the United States. This unique work presents fascinating scientific information as well as valuable insights about how seemingly minor events can drastically alter our environment.

Encyclopedia of Islamic Insurance, Takaful and Retakaful

by Mohd M. Billah Ezzedine GhlamAllah Christos Alexakis

This timely Encyclopedia is a much-needed thorough reference on Islamic insurance policy and the ways in which this can be modelled to cohere with Shari’ah law. The authors explore the ways in which Islamic insurance can be halal, contradicting the widely held belief that insurance policies are not appropriate or moral, utilizing evidence from both the Qu’ran and top Islamic scholars to do so. The book explores Takaful, an insurance paradigm that is in accordance with Islamic principles and suits the needs of modern Islamic economies and communities. It examines the practices, principles, framework and importance of the notion of Takaful, using evidence from the Qu’ran and Islamic teachings to support this. Chapters examine how Takaful is different to conventional insurance models that are not permissible under Shari’ah law, contradicting misconceptions about the possibility of an insurance policy that is achievable within Islamic communities. The book further explores the room for cooperation between Takaful services and Islamic banking, offering insight into how this can be improved in the future. A valuable asset for Islamic insurance and Islamic economics scholars, this timely book offers a thorough analysis of Takaful, Retakaful and Islamic insurance in our modern world. It will also be a useful read for those practising Takaful to ensure that their advice coheres with Shari’ah law.

The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools: Essential Items for the Heart of Your Home, And How to Use Them

by Elinor Hutton

The ultimate reference book for home cooks, seasoned chefs, and everyone in between, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools guides readers through the history, practical uses, design features, and storage and maintenance requirements of each of the tools living in their kitchen cabinets. Whether you're a home cook pondering the difference between a cookie sheet and a baking pan (one of life's great questions), or a professional chef wondering whether you should sharpen your knives with a whetstone, a honing rod, or an electric sharpener, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools has the answers you're looking for. Ranging from knives and spatulas, ladles and tongs, to Dutch ovens and crock pots, citrus reamers and zesters, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools offers you a chance to reconsider all of the kitchen accessories you've accumulated over the years, as well as the opportunity to encounter some new tools for the first time.With additional sidebars discussing a wide variety of topics including the history of elaborate table settings, the best types of cocktail strainers (yes, there's more than one), the cleanliness of salt pigs, and the best ways to care for cast iron, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools is the new, must-have reference bible for active cooks and armchair chefs alike.

Encyclopedia of Law and Development


This comprehensive Encyclopedia is an indispensable resource in the area of law and development. Bringing together more than 80 entries, the Encyclopedia spans a variety of approaches, contextualised histories, recent developments and forward-looking insights into the role of law in development. Entries cover the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainable development, and offer a conceptual and contextualised perspective on key topics and terms. The Encyclopedia pluralises scholarship in the field by featuring eminent scholars of law and development alongside up-and-coming voices from both the Global South and North with diverse approaches and backgrounds. The Encyclopedia of Law and Development is an invaluable reference point for scholars seeking to engage with issues at the intersection of law and development from both within and outside of the legal field. It is also a thorough but succinct overview for post-graduate students wishing to familiarise themselves with the various aspects of law and development research and study. Key features: • More than 80 entries • Organised alphabetically for ease of reference • Entries by both leading scholars and up-and-coming voices • Each entry features selected references for further study • Up-to-date outlook linked to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals.

Encyclopedia of Library History

by Donald G. Davis Wayne A. Wiegand

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Encyclopedia of Library History

by Wayne A. Wiegand Donald G. Davis

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Encyclopedia Of Life Writing (PDF)

by Margaretta Jolly

First published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company

Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education

by Stephen Lerman

The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]

by Spencer C. Tucker

This in-depth study of U.S. involvement in the modern Middle East carefully weighs the interplay of domestic, cultural, religious, diplomatic, international, and military events in one of the world's most troubled regions.The monumental, five-volume The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts is a must-have resource for anyone seeking to comprehend U.S. actions in this volatile region. Under the expert editorship of Spencer C. Tucker, the encyclopedia traces 20th- and 21st-century U.S. involvement in the Middle East and south-central Asia, concentrating on the last three decades. Beginning with the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, it covers the 1979–1989 Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the 1991 Persian Gulf War, allied punitive actions against Iraq during the 1990s, the Afghanistan War, the Iraq War, and the Global War on Terror. Many smaller military actions against Iran, Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and other regimes that have been involved in international terrorism are also included. Diplomacy, religion as it pertains to Middle East conflict, and social/cultural developments are other key subjects of analysis, as is the interplay of politics with military policy in the United States and other nations involved in the region.

Encyclopedia of National Dress [2 volumes]: Traditional Clothing around the World [2 volumes]

by Jill Condra

This two-volume set presents information and images of the varied clothing and textiles of cultures around the world, allowing readers to better appreciate the richness and diversity of human culture and history.The contributors to Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing around the World examine clothing that is symbolic of the people who live in regions all over the world, providing a historical and geographic perspective that illustrates how people dress and explains the reasons behind the material, design, and style. The encyclopedia features a preface and introduction to its contents. Each entry in the encyclopedia includes a short historical and geographical background for the topic before discussing the clothing of people in that country or region of the world. This work will be of great interest to high school students researching fashion, fashion history, or history as well as to undergraduate students and general readers interested in anthropology, textiles, fashion, ethnology, history, or ethnic dress.

Encyclopedia of National Dress [2 volumes]: Traditional Clothing around the World [2 volumes]


This two-volume set presents information and images of the varied clothing and textiles of cultures around the world, allowing readers to better appreciate the richness and diversity of human culture and history.The contributors to Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing around the World examine clothing that is symbolic of the people who live in regions all over the world, providing a historical and geographic perspective that illustrates how people dress and explains the reasons behind the material, design, and style. The encyclopedia features a preface and introduction to its contents. Each entry in the encyclopedia includes a short historical and geographical background for the topic before discussing the clothing of people in that country or region of the world. This work will be of great interest to high school students researching fashion, fashion history, or history as well as to undergraduate students and general readers interested in anthropology, textiles, fashion, ethnology, history, or ethnic dress.

Encyclopedia of Paleontology

by Ronald Singer

The Encyclopedia of Paleontology is designed to address the shortage of general reference works on both vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology and to serve the needs of students and lay persons interested in the field. As the encyclopedia aims to provide basic information, the majority of the 350 entries are devoted to explanations of paleontological concepts and techniques, examinations of the evolutionary development of particular organisms and biological features, profiles of major discoveries, and biographies of leading scientists. Each entry includes an essay and a further reading list. An international team of 200 leading experts in the field has prepared the illustrations and the essays, which range from concise descriptions to comprehensive discussions.

Encyclopedia of Paleontology

by Ronald Singer

The Encyclopedia of Paleontology is designed to address the shortage of general reference works on both vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology and to serve the needs of students and lay persons interested in the field. As the encyclopedia aims to provide basic information, the majority of the 350 entries are devoted to explanations of paleontological concepts and techniques, examinations of the evolutionary development of particular organisms and biological features, profiles of major discoveries, and biographies of leading scientists. Each entry includes an essay and a further reading list. An international team of 200 leading experts in the field has prepared the illustrations and the essays, which range from concise descriptions to comprehensive discussions.

Encyclopedia of Parenting: Theory and Research

by Charles A. Smith

Parenting receives growing amounts of attention from researchers, and what was once considered chiefly an art is now also recognized for being a science. Our knowledge of parenting has increased significantly in the last few decades; new developments continue to happen daily. The Encyclopedia of Parenting provides, in reference book format, what we now know about parents, parenting, and the parent-child relationship, synthesized in some 250 alphabetically arranged entries. Each entry is written by an expert contributor and provides an authoritative overview of a particular topic. Subjects covered include: child activity; child outcomes; child states; parent behaviours; parental situations; external and community factors; systematic concerns; the transition to parenthood; available resources; persons who have added to our knowledge of the field. Entries draw on a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, education, and sociology. Each entry closes with a bibliography, and the volume concludes with a selected list of works for further reading.

Encyclopedia of Parenting: Theory and Research

by Charles A. Smith

Parenting receives growing amounts of attention from researchers, and what was once considered chiefly an art is now also recognized for being a science. Our knowledge of parenting has increased significantly in the last few decades; new developments continue to happen daily. The Encyclopedia of Parenting provides, in reference book format, what we now know about parents, parenting, and the parent-child relationship, synthesized in some 250 alphabetically arranged entries. Each entry is written by an expert contributor and provides an authoritative overview of a particular topic. Subjects covered include: child activity; child outcomes; child states; parent behaviours; parental situations; external and community factors; systematic concerns; the transition to parenthood; available resources; persons who have added to our knowledge of the field. Entries draw on a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, education, and sociology. Each entry closes with a bibliography, and the volume concludes with a selected list of works for further reading.

The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions

by Jack A. Goldstone

The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions is an important reference work that describes revolutionary events that have affected and often changed the course of history. Suitable for students and interested lay readers yet authoritative enough for scholars, its 200 articles by leading scholars from around the world provide quick answers to specific questions as well as in-depth treatment of events and trends accompanying revolutions. Includes descriptions of specific revolutions, important revolutionary figures, and major revolutionary themes such as communism and socialism, ideology, and nationalism. Illustrative material consists of photographs, detailed maps, and a timeline of revolutions.

The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions

by Jack A. Goldstone

The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions is an important reference work that describes revolutionary events that have affected and often changed the course of history. Suitable for students and interested lay readers yet authoritative enough for scholars, its 200 articles by leading scholars from around the world provide quick answers to specific questions as well as in-depth treatment of events and trends accompanying revolutions. Includes descriptions of specific revolutions, important revolutionary figures, and major revolutionary themes such as communism and socialism, ideology, and nationalism. Illustrative material consists of photographs, detailed maps, and a timeline of revolutions.

Encyclopedia Of Political Theory (PDF)

by Mark Bevir

In discussing a topic, political science lecturers and course textbooks often toss out the name of a theorist or make a sideways reference to a particular theory and move on, as if assuming their student audience possesses the necessary background to appreciate and integrate the reference. However, academic librarians can tell you this is usually far from the case. Students often approach them seeking a source to provide a quick overview of a particular theory or theorist with just the basics: the who, what, where, how, and why. And librarians often find it difficult to guide these students to a quick, one-stop source. SAGE Reference presents the three-volume Encyclopedia of Political Theory, available in both print and electronic formats. This work serves as a reference source for anyone interested in the roots of contemporary political theory. Drawing together a team of international scholars, it examines the global landscape of all the key theories and the theorists behind them, presenting them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses. In addition to interpretations of long-established theories, it also offers essays on cutting-edge research as one might find in a handbook. And, like an unabridged dictionary, it provides concise, to-the-point definitions of key concepts, ideas, schools, and figures. Coverage includes: -Ancient Theory -Medieval Theory -Early Modern Theory -Enlightenment -Modern Theory -Constitutionalism -Liberalism -Critical Theory -Continental Theory -Empirical Theory -Comparative Political Thought.

Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture (Non-ser.)

by Tony Kelso Brian Cogan

Whether it's television, radio, concerts, live appearances by comedians, Internet websites, or even the political party conventions themselves, the mixing of politics and popular culture is frequently on display. The Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture examines the people, major events, media, and controversies in eight thematic chapters and over 150 entries to provide an invaluable resource for any student, scholar, or everyday political junkie needing a comprehensive introduction to the subject.On a typical weeknight in the United States, millions shun the traditional evening network news broadcasts and, instead, later grab their remotes to turn to Comedy Central to catch up on the political happenings of the day, delivered by the comedian Jon Stewart on the faux news program, The Daily Show. Immediately afterwards, they might stay tuned to The Colbert Report for another dosage of hilarious, fake news that, to them, comes across more honestly than the serious version they could watch on CNN. Whether it's television, radio, concerts, live appearances by comedians, Internet websites, or even the political party conventions themselves, the mixing of politics and popular culture is frequently on display. The Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture provides in-depth coverage of these fascinating, and often surprising intersections in both historical and contemporary culture.This highly readable and entertaining encyclopedia provides a sweeping survey of the historic and ongoing interplay between politics, the media, and popular culture in eight thought-provoking chapters. The volume is enhanced with the inclusion of over 150 entries to help students and researchers easily locate more in-depth information on topics ranging from political scandals to YouTube.

Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture

by Tony Kelso Brian Cogan

Whether it's television, radio, concerts, live appearances by comedians, Internet websites, or even the political party conventions themselves, the mixing of politics and popular culture is frequently on display. The Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture examines the people, major events, media, and controversies in eight thematic chapters and over 150 entries to provide an invaluable resource for any student, scholar, or everyday political junkie needing a comprehensive introduction to the subject.On a typical weeknight in the United States, millions shun the traditional evening network news broadcasts and, instead, later grab their remotes to turn to Comedy Central to catch up on the political happenings of the day, delivered by the comedian Jon Stewart on the faux news program, The Daily Show. Immediately afterwards, they might stay tuned to The Colbert Report for another dosage of hilarious, fake news that, to them, comes across more honestly than the serious version they could watch on CNN. Whether it's television, radio, concerts, live appearances by comedians, Internet websites, or even the political party conventions themselves, the mixing of politics and popular culture is frequently on display. The Encyclopedia of Politics, the Media, and Popular Culture provides in-depth coverage of these fascinating, and often surprising intersections in both historical and contemporary culture.This highly readable and entertaining encyclopedia provides a sweeping survey of the historic and ongoing interplay between politics, the media, and popular culture in eight thought-provoking chapters. The volume is enhanced with the inclusion of over 150 entries to help students and researchers easily locate more in-depth information on topics ranging from political scandals to YouTube.

Encyclopedia of Primary Education

by Denis Hayes

Unique in its field, the Encyclopedia of Primary Education brings together a wide-ranging body of information relating to current educational practice in a single indispensable volume. This book provides a series of descriptions, definitions and explanations that engage with important practical and conceptual ideas in primary education and contains over 500 entries incorporating: Curriculum subjects, themes and topics Theories, policies and educational controversies Pedagogical terms relating to teaching and learning Commentaries on current issues in primary education Influential figures in education, both past and present The impact of educational research on policy and practice Based on the author’s extensive experience in primary education, entries combine an interrogation of educational concepts with the pedagogical and practical implications for classroom practice, children’s learning and school management. This handy reference work will be invaluable to anyone currently teaching or training to teach at primary level, teaching assistants, school governors and parents. In fact it is essential reading for anyone with an interest and passion for primary education.

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Showing 4,301 through 4,325 of 14,763 results