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Evolution of Primate Social Cognition (Interdisciplinary Evolution Research Ser. #5)

by Laura Desirèe Di Paolo Fabio Di Vincenzo Francesca De Petrillo

This interdisciplinary volume brings together expert researchers coming from primatology, anthropology, ethology, philosophy of cognitive sciences, neurophysiology, mathematics and psychology to discuss both the foundations of non-human primate and human social cognition as well as the means there currently exist to study the various facets of social cognition.The first part focusses on various aspects of social cognition across primates, from the relationship between food and social behaviour to the connection with empathy and communication, offering a multitude of innovative approaches that range from field-studies to philosophy.The second part details the various epistemic and methodological means there exist to study social cognition, in particular how to ascertain the proximal and ultimate mechanisms of social cognition through experimental, modelling and field studies. In the final part, the mechanisms of cultural transmission in primate and human societies are investigated, and special attention is given to how the evolution of cognitive capacities underlie primates’ abilities to use and manufacture tools, and how this in turn influences their social ecology. A must-read for both, young scholars as well as established researchers!

Evolution of Semantic Systems

by Bernd-Olaf Küppers, Udo Hahn and Stefan Artmann

Complex systems in nature and society make use of information for the development of their internal organization and the control of their functional mechanisms. Alongside technical aspects of storing, transmitting and processing information, the various semantic aspects of information, such as meaning, sense, reference and function, play a decisive part in the analysis of such systems.With the aim of fostering a better understanding of semantic systems from an evolutionary and multidisciplinary perspective, this volume collects contributions by philosophers and natural scientists, linguists, information and computer scientists. They do not follow a single research paradigm; rather they shed, in a complementary way, new light upon some of the most important aspects of the evolution of semantic systems.Evolution of Semantic Systems is intended for researchers in philosophy, computer science, and the natural sciences who work on the analysis or development of semantic systems, ontologies, or similar complex information structures. In the eleven chapters, they will find a broad discussion of topics ranging from underlying universal principles to representation and processing aspects to paradigmatic examples.

The Evolution of Social Communication in Primates: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Interdisciplinary Evolution Research #1)

by Marco Pina Nathalie Gontier

How did social communication evolve in primates? In this volume, primatologists, linguists, anthropologists, cognitive scientists and philosophers of science systematically analyze how their specific disciplines demarcate the research questions and methodologies involved in the study of the evolutionary origins of social communication in primates in general and in humans in particular. In the first part of the book, historians and philosophers of science address how the epistemological frameworks associated with primate communication and language evolution studies have changed over time and how these conceptual changes affect our current studies on the subject matter. In the second part, scholars provide cutting-edge insights into the various means through which primates communicate socially in both natural and experimental settings. They examine the behavioral building blocks by which primates communicate and they analyze what the cognitive requirements are for displaying communicative acts. Chapters highlight cross-fostering and language experiments with primates, primate mother-infant communication, the display of emotions and expressions, manual gestures and vocal signals, joint attention, intentionality and theory of mind. The primary focus of the third part is on how these various types of communicative behavior possibly evolved and how they can be understood as evolutionary precursors to human language. Leading scholars analyze how both manual and vocal gestures gave way to mimetic and imitational protolanguage and how the latter possibly transitioned into human language. In the final part, we turn to the hominin lineage, and anthropologists, archeologists and linguists investigate what the necessary neurocognitive, anatomical and behavioral features are in order for human language to evolve and how language differs from other forms of primate communication.

The Evolution of Wilde's Wit

by J. Gantar

Oscar Wilde's wit is foundational to his works, from his plays and novels to his self-defense at his trials. This book is a comprehensive account of Oscar Wilde's wit that focuses on discovering reasons for his critical success and ongoing legacy.

An Evolutionary Paradigm for International Law: Philosophical Method, David Hume, and the Essence of Sovereignty (Philosophy, Public Policy, and Transnational Law)

by J. Gillroy

The book transcends conventional social scientific method, political theory and its understanding of global governance to make the study of the philosophical essence of the international legal system fully accessible.

Evolutionary Psychology and the Propositional-attitudes: Two Mechanist Manifestos (SpringerBriefs in Philosophy)

by Alex Walter

The two essays provide a critical examination of theory and research in the field of evolutionary psychology. The view advanced here is that philosophical materialism and minimalist assumptions about adaptation serve Darwinian psychology better than the more popular alternative view that relies on cognitive dualism and propositional-attitude psychology to formulate evolutionary psychology theory. A commitment to cognitive dualism is destined to undermine the physical basis of behavior upon which evolutionary theory depends. Many evolutionary psychologists do not see this but are seduced by the easy way in which hypotheses can be formulated using the ‘propositional-attitude’ model. The challenge is to develop a materialistic and mechanistic approach to understanding human cognition and behavior, including linguistic and social behavior.

Evolutionary Systems: Biological and Epistemological Perspectives on Selection and Self-Organization

by Gertrudis van de Vijver Stanley N. Salthe Manuela Delpos

The three well known revolutions of the past centuries - the Copernican, the Darwinian and the Freudian - each in their own way had a deflating and mechanizing effect on the position of humans in nature. They opened up a richness of disillusion: earth acquired a more modest place in the universe, the human body and mind became products of a long material evolutionary history, and human reason, instead of being the central, immaterial, locus of understanding, was admitted into the theater of discourse only as a materialized and frequently out-of-control actor. Is there something objectionable to this picture? Formulated as such, probably not. Why should we resist the idea that we are in certain ways, and to some degree, physically, biologically or psychically determined? Why refuse to acknowledge the fact that we are materially situated in an ever evolving world? Why deny that the ways of inscription (traces of past events and processes) are co-determinative of further "evolutionary pathways"? Why minimize the idea that each intervention, of each natural being, is temporally and materially situated, and has, as such, the inevitable consequence of changing the world? The point is, however, that there are many, more or less radically different, ways to consider the "mechanization" of man and nature. There are, in particular, many ways to get the message of "material and evolutionary determination", as well as many levels at which this determination can be thought of as relevant or irrelevant.

Evolutionary Theory and Human Nature

by Ron Vannelli

Evolutionary Theory and Human Nature is an original, highly theoretical work dealing with the transition from genes to behavior using general principles of evolution, especially those of sexual selection. It seeks to develop a seamless transition from genes to human motivations as bio-electric brain processes (emotional-cognitive processes), to human nature propensities (various constellations of emotional-cognitive forces, desires and fears) to species typical patterns of behavior. This work covers two often antagonistic fields: biology and the social sciences. It should be of strong interest to anthropologists, sociologists, sociobiologists, psychobiologists and psychologists who are interested in the question of human nature influences on social behavior.

Evolutionary Theory in Social Science (Theory and Decision Library A: #4)

by Franz M. Wuketits MichaelSchmid

In retrospect the 19th century tmdoubtedly seems to be the century of evolutionism. The 'discovery of time' and therewith the experience of variability was made by many sciences: not only historians worked on the elaboration and interpretation of this discovery, but also physicists, geographers, biologists and economists, demographers, archaelogists, and even philosophers. The successful empirical fotmdation of evolutive processes by Darwin and his disciples suggested Herbert Spencer's vigorously pursued efforts in searching for an extensive' catalogue of prime and deduced evolutionary principles that would allow to integrate the most different disciplines of natural and social sciences as well as the efforts of philosophers of ethics and epistemologists. Soon it became evident, however, that the claim for integration anticipated by far the actual results of these different disciplines. Darwin I s theory suffered from the fact that in the beginning a hereditary factor which could have his theory could not be detected, while the gainings of grotmd supported in the social sciences got lost in consequence of the completely ahistorical or biologistic speculations of some representatives of the evolutionary research programm and common socialdarwinistic misinterpretations.

Evolutionary Thinking Across Disciplines: Problems and Perspectives in Generalized Darwinism (Synthese Library #478)

by Agathe Du Crest Martina Valković André Ariew Hugh Desmond Philippe Huneman Thomas A. C. Reydon

This volume aims to clarify the epistemic potential of applying evolutionary thinking outside biology, and provides a survey of the current state of the art in research on relevant topics in the life sciences, the philosophy of science, and the various areas of evolutionary research outside the life sciences. By bringing together chapters by evolutionary biologists, systematic biologists, philosophers of biology, philosophers of social science, complex systems modelers, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, linguists, historians, and educators, the volume examines evolutionary thinking within and outside the life sciences from a multidisciplinary perspective. While the chapters written by biologists and philosophers of science address theoretical aspects of the guiding questions and aims of the volume, the chapters written by researchers from the other areas approach them from the perspective of applying evolutionary thinking to non-biological phenomena. Taken together, the chapters in this volume do not only show how evolutionary thinking can be fruitfully applied in various areas of investigation, but also highlight numerous open problems, unanswered questions, and issues on which more clarity is needed. As such, the volume can serve as a starting point for future research on the application of evolutionary thinking across disciplines.

The Evolving International Procedural Capacity of Individuals

by Katrin Fenrich

This book critically addresses the still prevalent assumption of the individual’s procedural disability in international judicial fora. Against this backdrop, it examines and compares various international enforcement mechanisms from the individual’s perspective. Establishing specific comparison criteria, the book identifies the benefits and weaknesses of these mechanisms and traces the ongoing process of individualization in the field of international procedural law. Thus, it not only maps the complex landscape of international enforcement mechanisms; it also integrates the theoretical question of the individual’s role in international law with the practical issue of enforcing individual rights, thereby connecting the fields of legal theory and international procedural law. Academic readers interested in the intersection of international legal theory and international procedural law will find the book both enjoyable and insightful. Further, researchers and students of public international law will benefit from its in-depth analysis and comparative focus.

Evolving Internet Reference Resources

by Rita Pellen William Miller

Save time and avoid trouble as you search the Internet for reliable resourcesEvolving Internet Reference Resources provides both beginning and experienced researchers with a comprehensive overview of the key information sources available online in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. This invaluable book is your guide to the best free and subscription-based Internet sites and services for 26 diverse subject areas, including law, psychology, rhetoric, LGBT studies, health and medicine, engineering, Asian studies, and computer science. Experts in specific areas review Web sites, meta sites, indexing and abstracting services, directories, portals, databases, and blogs for their accessibility and usability, saving you valuable time and effort in your search for the best academic research and reference resources on the Web.Evolving Internet Reference Resources is your pathfinder for all levels of research in crucial areas of academic and general interest. The book will lead you through the almost overwhelming volume of information available online to help you steer clear of unreliable, untrustworthy, and slipshod material as you search for dictionaries, glossaries, bibliographies, images, book reviews, career information, fieldwork opportunities, biographical sources, timelines and chronologies, audio and video clips, interactive maps, online collections, and much more.Topics covered in Evolving Internet Reference Resources include: significant developments in the availability of art images on the Web how Internet resources have transformed rhetoric, composition, and poetry why free Web sites can sometimes be unreliable organizational strategies for librarians how commercial publishers have acquired some of the best LGBT online resources the potential for Internet resources to enhance social activism in Latin America new approaches taken by librarians in creating online information government agency Web sites online versions of college guides the development of RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology the virtual reference shelf available to nursing students and faculty ESL (English as a Second Language) Web sitesEvolving Internet Reference Resources is an essential tool for all librarians (academic, school, special, and public), library science faculty, and faculty and students in a wide variety of disciplines.

Evolving Internet Reference Resources

by Rita Pellen William Miller

Save time and avoid trouble as you search the Internet for reliable resourcesEvolving Internet Reference Resources provides both beginning and experienced researchers with a comprehensive overview of the key information sources available online in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. This invaluable book is your guide to the best free and subscription-based Internet sites and services for 26 diverse subject areas, including law, psychology, rhetoric, LGBT studies, health and medicine, engineering, Asian studies, and computer science. Experts in specific areas review Web sites, meta sites, indexing and abstracting services, directories, portals, databases, and blogs for their accessibility and usability, saving you valuable time and effort in your search for the best academic research and reference resources on the Web.Evolving Internet Reference Resources is your pathfinder for all levels of research in crucial areas of academic and general interest. The book will lead you through the almost overwhelming volume of information available online to help you steer clear of unreliable, untrustworthy, and slipshod material as you search for dictionaries, glossaries, bibliographies, images, book reviews, career information, fieldwork opportunities, biographical sources, timelines and chronologies, audio and video clips, interactive maps, online collections, and much more.Topics covered in Evolving Internet Reference Resources include: significant developments in the availability of art images on the Web how Internet resources have transformed rhetoric, composition, and poetry why free Web sites can sometimes be unreliable organizational strategies for librarians how commercial publishers have acquired some of the best LGBT online resources the potential for Internet resources to enhance social activism in Latin America new approaches taken by librarians in creating online information government agency Web sites online versions of college guides the development of RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology the virtual reference shelf available to nursing students and faculty ESL (English as a Second Language) Web sitesEvolving Internet Reference Resources is an essential tool for all librarians (academic, school, special, and public), library science faculty, and faculty and students in a wide variety of disciplines.

Excel Formulas & Functions For Dummies

by Ken Bluttman

Unlock the power of Excel with a step-by-step roadmap to its formulas and functions There's a Swiss Army knife in your digital toolbox that can multiply your productivity and make you the smartest guy or gal in almost any room. It's called Microsoft Excel. If you're like most people, you've barely scratched the surface of what this powerful tool's hundreds of built-in functions can do. But with a little help from Excel Formulas & Functions For Dummies, you'll soon be organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data like a pro. For those who don't know the difference between a spreadsheet and a bedsheet, the book gets you up to speed with formula and function basics first. But you can also skip ahead to the fancy stuff and learn about working with probabilities, significance tests, and lookup functions. This easy-to-use Excel formulas and functions survival guide shows you how to: Work with financial functions like PMT, PPMT, NPER, RATE, and PV Calculate mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and many more statistical functions Troubleshoot formulas for common errors and validate your data to avoid mistakes Work with dates, times, logic operators, conditions, and basic and advanced mathematical functions You don't need a degree in data science or advanced mathematics to take advantage of the full functionality and flexibility of Microsoft Excel. Let Excel Formulas & Functions For Dummies show you how to transform this unassuming program into the most useful tool in your toolbox.

Excel Formulas & Functions For Dummies

by Ken Bluttman

Unlock the power of Excel with a step-by-step roadmap to its formulas and functions There's a Swiss Army knife in your digital toolbox that can multiply your productivity and make you the smartest guy or gal in almost any room. It's called Microsoft Excel. If you're like most people, you've barely scratched the surface of what this powerful tool's hundreds of built-in functions can do. But with a little help from Excel Formulas & Functions For Dummies, you'll soon be organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data like a pro. For those who don't know the difference between a spreadsheet and a bedsheet, the book gets you up to speed with formula and function basics first. But you can also skip ahead to the fancy stuff and learn about working with probabilities, significance tests, and lookup functions. This easy-to-use Excel formulas and functions survival guide shows you how to: Work with financial functions like PMT, PPMT, NPER, RATE, and PV Calculate mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and many more statistical functions Troubleshoot formulas for common errors and validate your data to avoid mistakes Work with dates, times, logic operators, conditions, and basic and advanced mathematical functions You don't need a degree in data science or advanced mathematics to take advantage of the full functionality and flexibility of Microsoft Excel. Let Excel Formulas & Functions For Dummies show you how to transform this unassuming program into the most useful tool in your toolbox.

Excellent Care for Cancer Survivors: A Guide to Fully Meet Their Needs in Medical Offices and in the Community (The Praeger Series on Contemporary Health and Living)

by Kenneth D. Miller

A clear, concise, and essential guide providing key information about cancer survivors and their needs—and how those needs can best be met.Excellent Care for Cancer Survivors: A Guide to Fully Meet Their Needs in Medical Offices and in the Community is edited by the director of the Lance Armstrong Cancer Survivorship Program at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and comprised of articles by experts from that prestigious institution, from the Harvard Medical School, and other leading cancer programs. Its goal is simple: to assure that the millions of cancer survivors in the United States get the help they need to live life to its fullest. This timely work, enriched by conversations with cancer survivors themselves, explains the array of challenges that may affect survivors, from physical needs to psychological, spiritual, sexual, and financial issues. Topics such as nutrition and exercise are also addressed, as are risk assessment, rehabilitation, and possible cognitive dysfunction after chemotherapy. A final section explains the nuts and bolts of starting a professional cancer survivorship program, from staffing to fundraising, exploring what can and is being done to help cancer survivors in different settings achieve optimal health and quality of life.

Exclusive Use in an Inclusive Environment: The Meaning of the Non-Appropriation Principle for Space Resource Exploitation (Space Regulations Library #9)

by Philip De Man

This book aims to find a workable interpretation of the non-appropriation principle that is compatible with both the existing international space law framework and the move of the private space industry towards the mining of asteroids and other celestial bodies. It does so by analysing the rules on the use of orbits as limited natural resources as a concrete indication of how space resources can be exploited by one user while respecting the non-appropriation principle and the interests of other users in space. This analysis is complemented by a thorough review of the meaning of property rights in the context of the existing international space law regime. This allows the author to distinguish between the lawful exploitation and unlawful appropriation of resources in a manner that could pave the way for a workable asteroid mining regime that takes into account the needs of individual companies and the international community. Exclusive use in an inclusive environment frames the legal regime of the exploitation of natural resources in outer space as the most pressing example to date of the tension that arises between the rights of a single spacefaring actor and the interests of the broader international community. Though academic in its approach in dealing with one of the most fundamental issues of space law to date, the book has very practical ambitions. By offering a pragmatic interpretation of the space law principles that are likely to remain the legal foundations of asteroid mining for the foreseeable future, Exclusive use in an inclusive environment hopes to inform academics, practitioners and policymakers alike in their future attempts at working out a fair, equitable and effective management regime for the exploitation of natural resources in outer space.

Exemplary Research For Nursing And Midwifery

by Anne Marie Rafferty Michael Traynor

This Reader reproduces fifteen classic and influential accounts of nursing research selected by a panel of senior nurse researchers and teachers. It provides accompanying commentary explaining why the research is good, how it relates to the research tradition and the influence and impact of the piece of research.Introductory and concluding chapters review the literature on the evaluation of research and the position of nursing research in relation to that conducted in medicine generally. Exemplary Research for Nursing and Midwifery is an invaluable reference for any nurse of midwife embarking on the research process.

Exemplary Research For Nursing And Midwifery

by Anne Marie Rafferty Michael Traynor

This Reader reproduces fifteen classic and influential accounts of nursing research selected by a panel of senior nurse researchers and teachers. It provides accompanying commentary explaining why the research is good, how it relates to the research tradition and the influence and impact of the piece of research.Introductory and concluding chapters review the literature on the evaluation of research and the position of nursing research in relation to that conducted in medicine generally. Exemplary Research for Nursing and Midwifery is an invaluable reference for any nurse of midwife embarking on the research process.

Exercise and Sport Pharmacology

by Mark D. Mamrack

Exercise and Sport Pharmacology is an essential book for teaching upper-level undergraduates or entry-level graduate students about how drugs can affect exercise and how exercise can affect the action of drugs. It leads students through the related pathology, exercise physiology, and drug action of many of today's chronically used medications, and discusses how drugs can affect exercise performance. This new second edition of the book is divided into four parts: Section I provides the basics of pharmacology, exercise physiology, autonomic pharmacology, and the stress response; Section II presents chapters on major cardiovascular and respiratory drug classes; Section III describes frequently prescribed medications for such common conditions as diabetes, depression, pain, fever, inflammation, and obesity; and Section IV includes discussions of nutritional supplements and commonly used drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, and performance-enhancing drugs. The second edition offers many updates, enhances muscle cell physiology, includes the involvement of the gut microbiome, and each chapter has a new section on the effects of aging. In Sections II and III, chapters include an overview of the pathology that therapeutic drugs are designed to treat and how the drug works in the human body. In contrast to standard pharmacology texts, Exercise and Sport Pharmacology also includes the effect of exercise on the pathology of the condition and the effect of exercise on how the body responds to a drug. Each chapter has a section on whether the drugs under discussion have performance-enhancing potential. Section IV is concerned with self-medication and drugs or supplements taken without a prescription or with limited medical supervision. Throughout, figures and tables as well as data from experiments in exercise pharmacology help to illustrate and summarize content. Each chapter opens with an on-going case example to preview and apply chapter content. In the text, boldface terms indicate which concepts are contained in the book's Glossary. Chapters conclude with a Key Concepts Review and Review Questions.

Exercise and Sport Pharmacology

by Mark D. Mamrack

Exercise and Sport Pharmacology is an essential book for teaching upper-level undergraduates or entry-level graduate students about how drugs can affect exercise and how exercise can affect the action of drugs. It leads students through the related pathology, exercise physiology, and drug action of many of today's chronically used medications, and discusses how drugs can affect exercise performance. This new second edition of the book is divided into four parts: Section I provides the basics of pharmacology, exercise physiology, autonomic pharmacology, and the stress response; Section II presents chapters on major cardiovascular and respiratory drug classes; Section III describes frequently prescribed medications for such common conditions as diabetes, depression, pain, fever, inflammation, and obesity; and Section IV includes discussions of nutritional supplements and commonly used drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, and performance-enhancing drugs. The second edition offers many updates, enhances muscle cell physiology, includes the involvement of the gut microbiome, and each chapter has a new section on the effects of aging. In Sections II and III, chapters include an overview of the pathology that therapeutic drugs are designed to treat and how the drug works in the human body. In contrast to standard pharmacology texts, Exercise and Sport Pharmacology also includes the effect of exercise on the pathology of the condition and the effect of exercise on how the body responds to a drug. Each chapter has a section on whether the drugs under discussion have performance-enhancing potential. Section IV is concerned with self-medication and drugs or supplements taken without a prescription or with limited medical supervision. Throughout, figures and tables as well as data from experiments in exercise pharmacology help to illustrate and summarize content. Each chapter opens with an on-going case example to preview and apply chapter content. In the text, boldface terms indicate which concepts are contained in the book's Glossary. Chapters conclude with a Key Concepts Review and Review Questions.

The Exercise of Power in Communication: Devices, Reception and Reaction

by Rainer Schulze Hanna Pishwa

This book explores the various choices speakers or communicators make when expressing power relations in modern societies. The volume brings together several disciplines, such as linguistics, sociology, communication studies and social psychology, to give insight into how interactants co-construct different aspects of power in their everyday life.

Exercises in Programming Style

by Cristina Videira Lopes

The first edition of Exercises in Programming Style was honored as an ACM Notable Book and praised as "The best programming book of the decade." This new edition retains the same presentation but has been upgraded to Python 3, and there is a new section on neural network styles. Using a simple computational task (term frequency) to illustrate different programming styles, Exercises in Programming Style helps readers understand the various ways of writing programs and designing systems. It is designed to be used in conjunction with code provided on an online repository. The book complements and explains the raw code in a way that is accessible to anyone who regularly practices the art of programming. The book can also be used in advanced programming courses in computer science and software engineering programs. The book contains 40 different styles for writing the term frequency task. The styles are grouped into ten categories: historical, basic, function composition, objects and object interactions, reflection and metaprogramming, adversity, data-centric, concurrency, interactivity, and neural networks. The author states the constraints in each style and explains the example programs. Each chapter first presents the constraints of the style, next shows an example program, and then gives a detailed explanation of the code. Most chapters also have sections focusing on the use of the style in systems design as well as sections describing the historical context in which the programming style emerged.

Exercises in Programming Style

by Cristina Videira Lopes

The first edition of Exercises in Programming Style was honored as an ACM Notable Book and praised as "The best programming book of the decade." This new edition retains the same presentation but has been upgraded to Python 3, and there is a new section on neural network styles. Using a simple computational task (term frequency) to illustrate different programming styles, Exercises in Programming Style helps readers understand the various ways of writing programs and designing systems. It is designed to be used in conjunction with code provided on an online repository. The book complements and explains the raw code in a way that is accessible to anyone who regularly practices the art of programming. The book can also be used in advanced programming courses in computer science and software engineering programs. The book contains 40 different styles for writing the term frequency task. The styles are grouped into ten categories: historical, basic, function composition, objects and object interactions, reflection and metaprogramming, adversity, data-centric, concurrency, interactivity, and neural networks. The author states the constraints in each style and explains the example programs. Each chapter first presents the constraints of the style, next shows an example program, and then gives a detailed explanation of the code. Most chapters also have sections focusing on the use of the style in systems design as well as sections describing the historical context in which the programming style emerged.

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