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Effektives Umweltmanagement: Arbeitsprogramm für den betrieblichen Entwicklungsprozeß (VDI-Buch)
by Volker M. Brennecke Sebastian Krug Claudia M. WinklerDer Ordner bietet effektive Hilfestellung beim Aufbau von Umweltmanagementsystemen. Er wurde bereits während der Ausarbeitungsphase in projektbegleitenden Betrieben getestet. Er wendet sich insbesondere an kleine und mittlere Betriebe und ermöglicht den weitgehend eigenständigen Aufbau eines Umweltmanagementsystems. Die Abhängigkeit von teuren externen Beratern wird auf diese Weise entscheidend reduziert, wodurch Umweltmanagement auch für weniger kapitalstarke Unternehmen erschwinglich gemacht wird. Der inhaltliche Schwerpunkt liegt dabei nicht in den technischen Anforderungen des Umweltmanagements bzw. der Umsetzung der Öko-Audit-Verordnung, sondern in den Bereichen Systematik und Organisationsentwicklung, da hier erfahrungsgemäß die größten Umsetzungsschwierigkeiten liegen.
Effetti, potenzialità e limiti della globalizzazione: Una visione multidisciplinare
by Gianluca Brunori Luca Ceccherini-Nelli Pierluigi Consorti Alessandro Franco Rossano Massai Paola Nieri Sandro Paci Marta Pappalardo Daniela RealiGli autori propongono una visione multidisciplinare che integra settori apparentemente lontani fra loro ma uniti dal tema della globalizzazione. Il volume raccoglie contributi di Economia, Giurisprudenza, Agraria, Ingegneria, Medicina, Farmacia, Biologia e Scienze della Terra. I diversi capitoli forniscono uno sguardo d'insieme sul tema della globalizzazione in maniera accessibile a tutti coloro che desiderano conoscere meglio la realtà dei nostri giorni senza rassegnarsi ad accettarne gli aspetti negativi.
Efficacy Analysis in Clinical Trials an Update: Efficacy Analysis in an Era of Machine Learning
by Ton J. Cleophas Aeilko H. ZwindermanMachine learning and big data is hot. It is, however, virtually unused in clinical trials. This is so, because randomization is applied to even out multiple variables Modern medical computer files often involve hundreds of variables like genes and other laboratory values, and computationally intensive methods are required This is the first publication of clinical trials that have been systematically analyzed with machine learning. In addition, all of the machine learning analyses were tested against traditional analyses. Step by step statistics for self-assessments are included The authors conclude, that machine learning is often more informative, and provides better sensitivities of testing than traditional analytic methods do
Efficiency and Equity of Climate Change Policy (Economics, Energy and Environment #15)
by Carlo CarraroEfficiency and Equity of Climate Change Policy is a comprehensive assessment of the economic effects of climate change policy, addressing the issues with a quantitative modelling approach. The book thus goes beyond the usual statements on the efficiency of economic instruments to identify the way gains and losses are distributed; who gains and who loses. Both the costs and benefits of climate change policies are analyzed. Most papers also provide useful information on the economic features of the Kyoto Protocol, its possible extensions, and the effect of different implementation strategies (such as the debate on emissions trading ceilings). Readership: Scientists and policy makers, students and specialists in climate related industries, members of NGOs, and policy advisors.
Efficiency and Logistics (Lecture Notes in Logistics)
by Uwe Clausen Michael Hompel Matthias KlumppThe „EffizienzCluster LogistikRuhr“ was a winner in the Leading Edge Science Cluster competition run by the German federal Ministry of Education and Research. The mission and aim of the „EffizienzCluster LogistikRuhr“ is to facilitate tomorrow’s individuality – in the sense of individual goods supply, mobility, and production – using 75 percent of today’s resources. Efficiency – both in economical and ecological terms – is enabled by state-of-the-art and innovative logistical solutions including transportation, production and intralogistics.These proceedings “Efficiency and Logistics” give first answers from 27 research projects as an insight into the current state of research of Europe’s leading research and development cluster in logistics and as a contribution to the discussion on how logistics as a science can help to cope with foreseeable resource shortage and sustainability as global challenges.
Efficiency and Power in Energy Conversion and Storage: Basic Physical Concepts
by Thomas ChristenThis book provides fundamental theoretical concepts for the understanding, the modelling, and the optimisation of energy conversion and storage devices. The discussion is based on the general footing of efficiency-power relations and energy-power relations (Ragone plots). Efficiency and Power in Energy Conversion and Storage: Basic Physical Concepts, is written for engineers and scientists with a bachelor-degree level of knowledge in physics. It contains: An introductory motivation of the topic A review on equilibrium thermodynamics A primer to linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics and irreversible processes An introduction to endo-reversible thermodynamics The basics on the theory of Ragone plots Derivations of efficiency-power relations or Ragone plots for illustrative examples like heat engines, batteries, capacitors, kinetic energy storage devices, solar power, photodiodes, electro-motors, transformers, and flow turbines An excursion to impedance matching and the optimization of technical devices with respect to economic and related objectives
Efficiency and Power in Energy Conversion and Storage: Basic Physical Concepts
by Thomas ChristenThis book provides fundamental theoretical concepts for the understanding, the modelling, and the optimisation of energy conversion and storage devices. The discussion is based on the general footing of efficiency-power relations and energy-power relations (Ragone plots). Efficiency and Power in Energy Conversion and Storage: Basic Physical Concepts, is written for engineers and scientists with a bachelor-degree level of knowledge in physics. It contains: An introductory motivation of the topic A review on equilibrium thermodynamics A primer to linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics and irreversible processes An introduction to endo-reversible thermodynamics The basics on the theory of Ragone plots Derivations of efficiency-power relations or Ragone plots for illustrative examples like heat engines, batteries, capacitors, kinetic energy storage devices, solar power, photodiodes, electro-motors, transformers, and flow turbines An excursion to impedance matching and the optimization of technical devices with respect to economic and related objectives
Efficiency and Sustainability in Biofuel Production: Environmental and Land-Use Research
by Barnabas GikonyoThis title includes a number of Open Access chapters.The world's interest in reducing petroleum use has led to the rapid development of the biofuel industry over the past decade or so. However, there is increasing concern over how current food-based biofuels affect both food security and the environment. Second-generation biofuels, however, use wid
Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies (Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)
by Krishnan SankaranarayananUsing classic thermodynamic principles as the point of departure, this new edition of a popular resource supplies the understanding and tools required to measure process ef ciency and sustainability with much improved accuracy. Exploring the driving forces in the chemical and power industries, Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies, Third Edition investigates why losses occur and explains how to reduce them. It focuses on the changing roles of refining and chemicals in industry and how the industry is transforming itself, and considers economics as a key enabler to look at technology choices and whether shareholder returns will be there. • Includes new chapters on plastics recycling technologies and challenges, low carbon energy sources, the changing energy mix, and project economics, taxes, and subsidies. • Illustrates techniques with wide-ranging case studies related to energy conversion, mining, and the chemical industries as well as examples and problems. • Considers engineering layouts that reduce the environmental impact of chemical operations. • Explains how to use energy analysis to accurately assess the quality and performance of chemical processes. • Supplies quantitative tools for analyzing sustainability and efciency. • Investigates the challenges of the hydrogen economy and CO2 and low carbon. • Discusses plastics recycling, economics, and a changing energy mix. Complete with the keys to quanti cation of process ef ciency and sustainability, this cutting-edge book is the ideal guide for those engaged in the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources using low-waste procedures.
Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies (Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)
by Krishnan SankaranarayananUsing classic thermodynamic principles as the point of departure, this new edition of a popular resource supplies the understanding and tools required to measure process ef ciency and sustainability with much improved accuracy. Exploring the driving forces in the chemical and power industries, Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies, Third Edition investigates why losses occur and explains how to reduce them. It focuses on the changing roles of refining and chemicals in industry and how the industry is transforming itself, and considers economics as a key enabler to look at technology choices and whether shareholder returns will be there. • Includes new chapters on plastics recycling technologies and challenges, low carbon energy sources, the changing energy mix, and project economics, taxes, and subsidies. • Illustrates techniques with wide-ranging case studies related to energy conversion, mining, and the chemical industries as well as examples and problems. • Considers engineering layouts that reduce the environmental impact of chemical operations. • Explains how to use energy analysis to accurately assess the quality and performance of chemical processes. • Supplies quantitative tools for analyzing sustainability and efciency. • Investigates the challenges of the hydrogen economy and CO2 and low carbon. • Discusses plastics recycling, economics, and a changing energy mix. Complete with the keys to quanti cation of process ef ciency and sustainability, this cutting-edge book is the ideal guide for those engaged in the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources using low-waste procedures.
Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies, Second Edition
by Krishnan Sankaranarayanan Hedzer J. van der Kooi Jakob de Swaan AronsUsing classic thermodynamic principles as the point of departure, this new edition of a popular resource supplies the understanding and tools required to measure process efficiency and sustainability with much improved accuracy. Exploring the driving forces in the chemical and power industries, Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemic
Efficiency Evaluation of Energy Systems (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Mehmet Kanoğlu Yunus A. Çengel Ibrahim DinCerEfficiency is one of the most frequently used terms in thermodynamics, and it indicates how well an energy conversion or process is accomplished. Efficiency is also one of the most frequently misused terms in thermodynamics and is often a source of misunderstanding. This is because efficiency is often used without being properly defined first. This book intends to provide a comprehensive evaluation of various efficiencies used for energy transfer and conversion systems including steady-flow energy devices (turbines, compressors, pumps, nozzles, heat exchangers, etc.), various power plants, cogeneration plants, and refrigeration systems. The book will cover first-law (energy based) and second-law (exergy based) efficiencies and provide a comprehensive understanding of their implications. It will help minimize the widespread misuse of efficiencies among students and researchers in energy field by using an intuitive and unified approach for defining efficiencies. The book will be particularly useful for a clear understanding of second law (exergy) efficiencies for various systems. It may serve as a reference book to the researchers in energy field. The definitions and concepts developed in the book will be explained through illustrative examples.
Efficiency in Complex Systems: Self-Organization Towards Increased Efficiency (Springer Proceedings in Complexity)
by Georgi Yordanov Georgiev Mahmoud Shokrollahi-FarThis book uses new ideas and language for understanding how self-organization and complexity trend toward increased efficiency. Different measures for efficiency from multiple disciplines are used to probe the ones that provide the most insight. One major goal is to seek a common framework to trace the increase of efficiency as a measure of the level of organization and evolutionary stage of a complex system. The chapters come from a satellite meeting hosted at the Conference on Complex Systems, in Cancun, 2017. The contributions will be peer-reviewed and contributors from outside the conference will be invited to submit chapters to ensure full coverage of the topics. This text will appeal to students and researchers working on complex systems and efficiency.
Efficiency in Environmental Regulation: A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Alternative Approaches (Studies in Risk and Uncertainty #1)
by Ralph A. LukenA management agency --such as a publicly or privately owned electric utility -- must, if it is to be efficient in carrying out its day-to-day tasks, have a means of monitoring its performance to assess the efficiency of its operations and the effectiveness of its planning. For example, how did the demand for electricity compare with that assumed in planning? How effective were the incentives applied to induce energy conservation by users? Such ex post analyses are essential for improving the planning process and hence for improving decisions with respect to efficiency and resource allocation. Unfortunately, it seems to be very difficult for public agencies to make such ex post evaluations an integral part of agency activities, whether the agencies are "producers," e. g. , the Corps of Engineers or the Bureau of Reclamation with respect to water resources management, or are regulatory agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency or the Food and Drug Administration. Here and there a few ex post analyses of agency programs have been done, but rarely by the responsible agency itself. These analyses have attempted to compare the results actually achieved with the results estimated in planning, either in terms of project outputs or in terms of effectiveness of regulatory and/or economic incentives in inducing desired changes in behavior.
Efficiency in Natural Product Total Synthesis
by Pei-Qiang Huang Zhu-Jun Yao Richard P. HsungUniting the key organic topics of total synthesis and efficient synthetic methodologies, this book clearly overviews synthetic strategies and tactics applied in total synthesis, demonstrating how the total synthesis of natural products enables scientific and drug discovery. • Focuses on efficiency, a fundamental and important issue in natural products synthesis that makes natural product synthesis a powerful tool in biological and pharmaceutical science• Describes new methods like organocatalysis, multicomponent and cascade reactions, and biomimetic synthesis• Appeals to graduate students with two sections at the end of each chapter illustrating key reactions, strategies, tactics, and concepts; and good but unfinished total synthesis (synthesis of core structure) before the last section• Compiles examples of solid phase synthesis and continuing flow chemistry-based total synthesis which are very relevant and attractive to industry R&D professionals
Efficiency in Natural Product Total Synthesis
by Pei-Qiang Huang Zhu-Jun Yao Richard Hsung Henry N. C. WongUniting the key organic topics of total synthesis and efficient synthetic methodologies, this book clearly overviews synthetic strategies and tactics applied in total synthesis, demonstrating how the total synthesis of natural products enables scientific and drug discovery. • Focuses on efficiency, a fundamental and important issue in natural products synthesis that makes natural product synthesis a powerful tool in biological and pharmaceutical science• Describes new methods like organocatalysis, multicomponent and cascade reactions, and biomimetic synthesis• Appeals to graduate students with two sections at the end of each chapter illustrating key reactions, strategies, tactics, and concepts; and good but unfinished total synthesis (synthesis of core structure) before the last section• Compiles examples of solid phase synthesis and continuing flow chemistry-based total synthesis which are very relevant and attractive to industry R&D professionals
Efficiency in Sustainable Supply Chain (EcoProduction)
by Paulina Golinska-Dawson Adam KolinskiThe book focuses on efficiency analysis in enterprises and describes a broader supply-chain context to support improved sustainability. The research and its outcomes presented here provide theoretical and empirical studies on efficiency analysis in the supply chain, including operational, economic, environmental and social aspects. This book sheds new light on the efficiency-assessment framework for practitioners and includes essential tips on how to improve the sustainability of supply-chains operations.
Efficiency Measures in the Agricultural Sector: With Applications
by Armando B. Mendes, Emiliana L. D. G. Soares Silva and Jorge M. Azevedo SantosThe editors draw on a 3-year project that analyzed a Portuguese area in detail, comparing this study with papers from other regions. Applications include the estimation of technical efficiency in agricultural grazing systems (dairy, beef and mixed) and specifically for dairy farms. The conclusions indicate that it is now necessary to help small dairy farms in order to make them more efficient. These results can be compared with the technical efficiency of a sample of Spanish dairy processing firms presented by Magdalena Kapelko and co-authors.
Efficiency of Biomass Energy: An Exergy Approach to Biofuels, Power, and Biorefineries
by Krzysztof J. PtasinskiDetails energy and exergy efficiencies of all major aspects of bioenergy systems Covers all major bioenergy processes starting from photosynthesis and cultivation of biomass feedstocks and ending with final bioenergy products, like power, biofuels, and chemicals Each chapter includes historical developments, chemistry, major technologies, applications as well as energy, environmental and economic aspects in order to serve as an introduction to biomass and bioenergy A separate chapter introduces a beginner in easy accessible way to exergy analysis and the similarities and differences between energy and exergy efficiencies are underlined Includes case studies and illustrative examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biofuels production, power and heat generation (thermal plants, fuel cells, boilers), and biorefineries Traditional fossil fuels-based technologies are also described in order to compare with the corresponding bioenergy systems
Efficiency of Biomass Energy: An Exergy Approach to Biofuels, Power, and Biorefineries
by Krzysztof J. PtasinskiDetails energy and exergy efficiencies of all major aspects of bioenergy systems Covers all major bioenergy processes starting from photosynthesis and cultivation of biomass feedstocks and ending with final bioenergy products, like power, biofuels, and chemicals Each chapter includes historical developments, chemistry, major technologies, applications as well as energy, environmental and economic aspects in order to serve as an introduction to biomass and bioenergy A separate chapter introduces a beginner in easy accessible way to exergy analysis and the similarities and differences between energy and exergy efficiencies are underlined Includes case studies and illustrative examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biofuels production, power and heat generation (thermal plants, fuel cells, boilers), and biorefineries Traditional fossil fuels-based technologies are also described in order to compare with the corresponding bioenergy systems
Efficiency of Manufacturing Processes: Energy and Ecological Perspectives (Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management)
by Wen LiThis monograph presents a reliable methodology for characterising the energy and eco-efficiency of unit manufacturing processes. The Specific Energy Consumption, SEC, will be identified as the key indicator for the energy efficiency of unit processes. An empirical approach will be validated on different machine tools and manufacturing processes to depict the relationship between process parameters and energy consumptions. Statistical results and additional validation runs will corroborate the high level of accuracy in predicting the energy consumption. In relation to the eco-efficiency, the value and the associated environmental impacts of manufacturing processes will also be discussed. The interrelationship between process parameters, process value and the associated environmental impact will be integrated in the evaluation of eco-efficiency. The book concludes with a further investigation of the results in order to develop strategies for further efficiency improvement. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and experts in the field, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Efficiency, Sustainability, and Justice to Future Generations (Law and Philosophy Library #98)
by Klaus MathisFifty years after the famous essay “The Problem of Social Cost” (1960) by the Nobel laureate Ronald Coase, Law and Economics seems to have become the lingua franca of American jurisprudence, and although its influence on European jurisprudence is only moderate by comparison, it has also gained popularity in Europe. A highly influential publication of a different nature was the Brundtland Report (1987), which extended the concept of sustainability from forestry to the whole of the economy and society. According to this report, development is sustainable when it “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.A key requirement of sustainable development is justice to future generations. It is still a matter of fact that the law as well as the theories of justice are generally restricted to the resolution of conflicts between contemporaries and between people living in the same country. This in turn raises a number of questions: what is the philosophical justification for intergenerational justice? What bearing does sustainability have on the efficiency principle? How do we put a policy of sustainability into practice, and what is the role of the law in doing so? The present volume is devoted to these questions. In Part One, “Law and Economics”, the role of economic analysis and efficiency in law is examined more closely. Part Two, “Law and Sustainability”, engages with the themes of sustainable development and justice to future generations. Finally, Part Three, “Law, Economics and Sustainability”, addresses the interrelationships between the different aspects.
Efficient and Suitable Construction (Building Pathology and Rehabilitation #17)
by João M. P. Q. DelgadoThis book presents recent research in the area of hygrothermal building performance, acoustic and natural lighting performance in buildings, phase change materials (PCM) and energy storage. Discussing the state of the art in the field, and covering topics relevant to variety of engineering disciplines, such as civil, materials and mechanical engineering, it will appeal to scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other stakeholders.
Efficient Conservation Of Crop Genetic Diversity: Theoretical Approaches And Empirical Studies
by Detlef VirchowThe book reflects the work in progress regarding the analysis of the costs of crop genetic resources conservation that has been conducted at various research insti tutes over the last couple of years, including research conducted at ZEF and asso ciated institutes. In addition, contributions in this publication were presented at a special session during the "Global Dialogue: The Role of the Village in the 2]'1 Century: Crops, Jobs and Livelihood" in Hannover, Germany, at the World Exposition in Au gust 2000. The purpose of the publication is to make a general contribution to the ongoing discussion about the conservation of crop genetic resources as part of the global strategy to secure increasing food production in a sustainable way. Specifically, it discusses the costs of the worldwide efforts to conserve crop genetic resources on the basis of theoretical and applied studies. It aims to serve decision-makers at dif ferent levels with information on the costs involved in the conservation of genetic resources and hence to increase the awareness of the importance of improving the cost effectiveness of different conservation methods in order to optimize the sus tainability of conservation. The quoted Leipzig Declaration, which was adopted at the Fourth International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources in Leipzig in June 1996, dem onstrates the close linkage of the contributions to the ongoing discussion about the implementation of the Global Plan of Actionfor the Conservation and Sustainable Utili zation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Efficient Control and Spontaneous Transitions (Springer Theses)
by Miranda LouwerseThis thesis addresses deep questions that cut to the physical and informational essence of central chemical quantities such as transition paths and reaction mechanisms and proposes fundamental new connections between transition-path theory, linear-response theory, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and information theory. The author investigates slow, energetically efficient driving protocols that drive a system between conformations corresponding to endpoints of a reaction, aiming to find connections between principles of efficient driving and the spontaneous transition mechanism in the absence of driving. First, an alternative perspective of transition-path theory is developed that unifies it with stochastic thermodynamics to describe flows of entropy, energy, and information during the reaction. This also provides an optimization criterion for selecting collective variables. Next, protocols are designed which invert the magnetization of a 3×3 Ising model with minimal energetic cost, and it is determined that using multiple control parameters allows the system to be driven along a fast-relaxing pathway between reaction endpoints. Finally, the author compares these protocols with the spontaneous transition mechanism for magnetization inversion in the same Ising model, finding that designed protocols capture general features of the spontaneous mechanism and energetics given the constraints on the control parameters. This work represents a major step forward in our understanding of rare events and provides a basis for investigating the connection between efficient protocols and spontaneous transition mechanisms which can be further probed in a wider variety of systems.