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EJB Reviews 1990 (EJB Reviews #1990)
by P. Christen E. HofmannIn the mid-1980s the European Journal of Biochemistry set out to publish review articles. The enterprise proved successful resulting in high-level reviews written by well-known scientists appearing in the Journal. The reviews represent emerging and rapidly growing fields of research in fundamental as well as applied areas of biochemistry, such as medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and nutrition. Novel methodological and technological approaches which stimulate biochemical research are also included. The authors of the reviews are explicitly asked to be critical, selective, evaluative and interdisciplinarily oriented. The reviews should encourage young scientists toward independent and creative thinking, and inform active investigators about the state of the art in a given field.
EJB Reviews 1991 (EJB Reviews #1991)
by P. Christen E. HofmannIn the mid-1980s the European Journal of Biochemistry set out to publish review articles. The enterprise proved successful resulting in high-level reviews written by well- known scientists appearing in the Journal. The reviews represent emerging and rapidly growing fields of research in fundamental as well as applied areas of biochemistry, such as medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and nutrition. Novel methodological andtechnological approaches which stimulate biochemical research are also included. The authors of the reviews are explicitly asked to be critical, selective, evaluative and interdisciplinarily oriented. The reviews should encourage young scientists toward independent and creative thinking, and inform active investigators about the state of the art in a given field.
EJB Reviews 1993 (EJB Reviews #1993)
by P. Christen E. HofmannIn the mid-1980s the European Journal of Biochemistry set out to publish review articles. The enterprise proved successful, resulting in high-level reviews written by well-known scientists appearing in the Journal. The reviews represent emerging and rapidly growing fields of research in fundamental as well as applied areas of biochemistry, such as medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and nutrition. Novel methodological and technological approaches which stimulate biochemical research are also included. The authors of the reviews are explicitly asked to be critical, selective, evaluative and interdisciplinarily oriented. The reviews should encourage young scientists to think independently and creatively, and inform active investigators about the state of the art in a given field.
EJB Reviews 1994 (EJB Reviews #1994)
by P. Christen E. HofmannIn the mid-1980s the European Journal of Biochemistry set out to publish review articles. The enterprise proved successful, resulting in high-level reviews written by well-known scientists appearing in the Journal. The reviews represent emerging and rapidly growing fields of research in fundamental as well as applied areas of biochemistry, such as medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and nutrition. Novel methodological and technological approaches which stimulate biochemical research are also included. The authors of the reviews are explicitly asked to be critical, selective, evaluative and interdisciplinarily oriented. The reviews should encourage young scientists to think independently and creatively, and inform active investigators about the state of the art in a given field.
EJB Reviews 1996 (EJB Reviews #1996)
by P. Christen E. HofmannIn the mid-1980s the European Journal of Biochemistry set out to publish review articles. The enterprise proved successful, resulting in high-level reviews written by well-known scientists appearing in the Journal. The reviews represent emerging and rapidly growing fields of research in fundamental as well as applied areas of biochemistry, such as medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and nutrition. Novel methodological and technological approaches which stimulate biochemical research are also included. The authors of the reviews are explicitely asked to be critical, selective, evaluative and interdisciplinary oriented. The reviews should encourage young scientists to think independently and creatively, and inform active investigators about the state of the art in a given field.
Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration: Design, Applications and Computational Fluid Dynamics
by Giuseppe Grazzini Adriano Milazzo Federico MazzelliEncompassing both practical applications and recent research developments, this book takes the reader from fundamental physics, through cutting-edge new designs of ejectors for refrigeration. The authors’ unique vision marries successful design, system optimization, and operation experience with insights on the application of cutting-edge Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. This robust treatment leads the way forward in developing improved ejector technologies. The book covers ejectors used for heat powered refrigeration and for expansion work recovery in compression refrigerators, with special emphasis on two-phase flows of “natural” fluids within the ejector, i.e. steam and carbon dioxide. It features worked examples, detailed research results, and analysis tools.
Ejnar Hertzsprung: Pionier der Sternforschung
by Dieter B. HerrmannDie moderne Astrophysik verdankt Hertzsprung entscheidende Erkenntnisse. Wenig bekannt ist sein Leben, das hier ein kundiger Fachmann spannend beschreibt. In D.B. Herrmanns Buch wird nicht nur Persönlichkeit und Werk von Hertzsprung lebendig, sondern auch die astronomische Forschung seiner Zeit. Concise text: Die moderne Astrophysik verdankt Hertzsprung entscheidende Erkenntnisse. Wenig bekannt ist sein Leben, das hier von einem kundigen Fachmann spannend beschrieben wird.
EKC 2019 Conference Proceedings: Science, Technology, and Humanity: Advancement and Sustainability
by Jong Mun Park Dong Ryeol WhangThis volume offers a selection of papers presented at the Europe-Korea Conference on Science and Technology 2019 (EKC 2019). EKC is a multi/inter/transdisciplinary conference covering all fields of science and technology, aiming to facilitate networking and collaboration between academic and industrial researchers involved in R&D, engineering, manufacturing, and application. The scope is broad, with topics covered including physics and mathematics; chemistry, materials and chemical engineering; biology, bioengineering and medical science; Earth science and environmental engineering; architecture, civil and ocean engineering; electrical, electronic, and informational engineering; mechanical, aerospace, naval, and nuclear engineering; and social science.This book showcases a selection of peer-reviewed, high-impact research results which will be of interest to a wide audience.
El Niño in World History (Palgrave Studies in World Environmental History)
by George Adamson Richard GroveThis book examines the role of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in society. Throughout human history, large or recurrent El Niños could cause significant disruption to societies and in some cases even contribute to political change. Yet it is only now that we are coming to appreciate the significance of the phenomenon. In this volume, Richard Grove and George Adamson chart the dual history of El Niño: as a global phenomenon capable of devastating weather extremes and, since the 18th century, as a developing idea in science and society. The chapters trace El Niño’s position in world history from its role in the revolution in Australian Aboriginal Culture at 5,000 BP to the 2015-16 ‘Godzilla’ event. It ends with a discussion of El Niño in the current media, which is as much a product of the public imagination as it is a natural process.
El Niño Ready Nations and Disaster Risk Reduction: 19 Countries in Perspective (Disaster Studies and Management)
by Michael H. GlantzEl Niño can have drastic effects on livelihoods in affected regions. As the climate changes, there will also be changes in El Nino behavior and therefor in its impacts around the globe on human activities such as agriculture, water resources and weather extremes. The country-specific studies covered in this book are undertaken by experts on climate, water and weather-related fields in the countries being studied. Furthermore, aspects from other disciplines, for example from social sciences have been drawn upon in order to cover crosscutting themes which are identified: depicting similarities and differences in responses to El Nino's impacts such as drought, floods, famines, health-related issues and the like.
Elaborazione dei dati sperimentali (UNITEXT)
by M. Dapor M. RopeleL'analisi statistica dei dati sperimentali, la loro elaborazione ed una corretta stima degli errori sono conoscenze necessarie agli studenti di fisica, biologia, chimica, ingegneria e dei corsi di specializzazione tecnico-scientifici in cui è richiesta pratica di laboratorio. Chi si occupa di problemi tecnici e di misure, per studio o per lavoro, deve possedere gli strumenti matematici di calcolo e di analisi necessari ad una corretta interpretazione dei dati sperimentali. Il testo fornisce in modo sintetico, chiaro ed esaustivo, tutte le nozioni e le conoscenze utili allo scopo. Gli argomenti sono esposti in modo rigoroso ma fluido e vengono introdotti con gradualità. Sono riportati i teoremi e le formule essenziali per una completa comprensione evitando, tuttavia, eccessivi appesantimenti matematici. Il libro è stato pensato per consentire ai docenti di scegliere autonomamente gli esperimenti per l'applicazione delle nozioni studiate.
Elastic: Flexible Thinking in a Constantly Changing World
by Leonard MlodinowThe bestselling author of The Drunkard's Walk and Subliminal unlocks the secrets of flexible thinking. What do Pokémon Go and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein have in common?Why do some businesses survive, and others fail at the first sign of change?What gives the human brain the edge over computers?The answer: Elastic Thinking. It's an ability we all possess, and one that we can all learn to hone in order to succeed, at work and in our everyday lives.Here Leonard Mlodinow, whose own flexible thinking has taken him from physics professor to TV scriptwriter and bestselling author, takes us on a revelatory exploration of how elasticity works. He draws on cutting-edge neuroscience to show how, millennia ago, our brains developed an affinity for novelty, idea generation and exploration. He discovers how flexible thinking enabled some of the greatest artists, writers, musicians and innovators to create paradigm shifts. He investigates the organisations that have demonstrated an elastic ability to adapt to new technologies. And he reveals how you can test your own brain power and increase your capacity for elastic thinking.By uncovering the secrets of our flexible minds, Elastic explains how to thrive in an endlessly dynamic world, at a time when an ability to adapt is more important than ever before.
Elastic Analysis of Slab Structures (Mechanics of Surface Structure #7)
by Radu NegrutiuAny practitioner who takes his profession in earnest, such that daily work is not a heavy duty but part of their life, will recognize in this book the rigorousness of the analysis and the comprehensive presentation of the problems. This professional attitude is solely able to make the research and design engineer deal with strength structures and their behaviour. Indeed, the computational means that are nowadays available permit the numerical computation of whatever problem; the pro gram libraries are extremely rich and programs themselves have developed intensively. Howeyer, though computers are available at any moment without restrictions on the frequency with which they are employed, they finally impoYerish the creative compe tency of the civil engineer. Thus, he will calculate increasingly more while devising increasingly less. He will draw less and less on the experience gained in devising and implementing bearing structures because the computational process can be repeated as often as desired over a minimum time-period by means of the available programs. \Ve note that nowadays structures are no longer investigated or economically designed to comply with the requirements of the topic of interest. :Much to the contrary, the solutions are chosen so as to comply with the capabilities of the programs. A bearing structure lives as is prescribed by its initial con structive data.
Elastic and Inelastic Scattering in Electron Diffraction and Imaging
by Zhong-lin WangElastic and inelastic scattering in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are important research subjects. For a long time, I have wished to systematically summarize various dynamic theories associated with quantitative electron micros copy and their applications in simulations of electron diffraction patterns and images. This wish now becomes reality. The aim of this book is to explore the physics in electron diffraction and imaging and related applications for materials characterizations. Particular emphasis is placed on diffraction and imaging of inelastically scattered electrons, which, I believe, have not been discussed exten sively in existing books. This book assumes that readers have some preknowledge of electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and quantum mechanics. I anticipate that this book will be a guide to approaching phenomena observed in electron microscopy from the prospects of diffraction physics. The SI units are employed throughout the book except for angstrom (A), which is used occasionally for convenience. To reduce the number of symbols used, the Fourier transform of a real-space function P'(r), for example, is denoted by the same symbol P'(u) in reciprocal space except that r is replaced by u. Upper and lower limits of an integral in the book are (-co, co) unless otherwise specified. The (-co, co) integral limits are usually omitted in a mathematical expression for simplification. I very much appreciate opportunity of working with Drs. J. M. Cowley and J. C. H. Spence (Arizona State University), J.
Elastic And Inelastic Stress Analysis
by Irving H ShamesPresents certain key aspects of inelastic solid mechanics centered around viscoelasticity, creep, viscoplasticity, and plasticity. It is divided into three parts consisting of the fundamentals of elasticity, useful constitutive laws, and applications to simple structural members, providing extended treatment of basic problems in static structural m
Elastic Contact Analysis by Boundary Elements (Lecture Notes in Engineering #67)
by Susumu TakahashiThis book presents a new formulation of the boundary element method for two-dimensional and axisymmetric contact problems. The solution procedure includes the effects of non-frictional as well as frictional contact between elastic bodies. Following a literature survey of various experimental and analytical approaches for solving elastic contact problems, a comprehensive review of numerical techniques used for analyses of contact problems is presented. The boundary element formulations for two-, three-dimensional and axisymmetric problems in elasticity are derived and numerical implementation using constant and linear elements is described. For analysis of contact problems, boundary elements are employed to compute flexibility matrices representing the relationship between tractions and displacements only at nodes coming into contact. The contact analysis is performed using the flexibility matrices in conjunction with contact boundary conditions. In this approach, only equations corresponding to the node coming into contact are required and consequently very efficient computation is achieved. Furthermore, the boundary element analysis and the contact analysis are performed separately, which makes it easy to implement the contact analysis procedure into boundary element codes. A new contact criterion for nodes coming into contact is proposed. Load incremental and iterative schemes are used to obtain accurate solutions. Some classical Hertz and non-Hertz contact problems are studied and results are found to be in good agreement with analytical and other numerical solutions.
Elastic Fiber Matrices: Biomimetic Approaches to Regeneration and Repair
by Anand Ramamurthi and Chandrasekhar KothapalliElastic Fiber Matrices: Biomimetic Approaches to Regeneration and Repair provides a comprehensive resource on the intrinsic and pathological aberrations of the complex process of elastic matrix assembly and/or variations thereof in different elastic tissue types, and on strategies to regenerate or restore lost elastin matrix, either in vitro or in vivo, including biomimetic elastin-like-peptides, gene therapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering (biomolecules, scaffolds, and mechanical stimuli), pharmacological approaches, elastin stabilization and preservation, stem cell therapy, allografts/xenografts, and synthetic/biological elastomers. Comprised of individual chapters contributed by leading researchers and scientists in the field, the text details current approaches for elastin matrix regeneration and repair, identifying their various advantages and limitations while offering valuable insight into emerging trends. Thus, this book is a must-have guide for academicians and industry professionals working in the areas of connective tissue biology, tissue engineering, dermal and cardiovascular biomaterials, and drug delivery.
Elastic Fiber Matrices: Biomimetic Approaches to Regeneration and Repair
by Anand Ramamurthi Chandrasekhar KothapalliElastic Fiber Matrices: Biomimetic Approaches to Regeneration and Repair provides a comprehensive resource on the intrinsic and pathological aberrations of the complex process of elastic matrix assembly and/or variations thereof in different elastic tissue types, and on strategies to regenerate or restore lost elastin matrix, either in vitro or in vivo, including biomimetic elastin-like-peptides, gene therapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering (biomolecules, scaffolds, and mechanical stimuli), pharmacological approaches, elastin stabilization and preservation, stem cell therapy, allografts/xenografts, and synthetic/biological elastomers. Comprised of individual chapters contributed by leading researchers and scientists in the field, the text details current approaches for elastin matrix regeneration and repair, identifying their various advantages and limitations while offering valuable insight into emerging trends. Thus, this book is a must-have guide for academicians and industry professionals working in the areas of connective tissue biology, tissue engineering, dermal and cardiovascular biomaterials, and drug delivery.
Elastic Filaments of the Cell (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #481)
by H. L. Granzier Gerald H. PollackElastic filaments refer mainly to titin, the largest of all known proteins. Titin was discovered initially in muscle cells, where it interconnects the thick filament with the Z-line. Titin forms a molecular spring that is responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of contracting muscle, ensuring efficient muscle contraction. More recently, it has become clear that titin is not restricted to muscle cells alone. For example, titin is found in chromosomes of neurons and also in blood platelets. This topic is fast becoming a focal point for research in understanding viscoelastic properties at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. In titin may lie a generic basis for biological viscoelasticity. It has become clear that titin may hold the key to certain clinical anomalies. For example, it is clear that titin-based ventricular stiffness is modulated by calcium and that titin is responsible for the altered stiffness in cardiomyopathies. It is also clear from evidence from a group of Finnish families that titin mutations may underlie some muscular dystrophies and that with other mutations chromatids fail to separate during mitosis. Thus, it is clear that this protein will have important clinical implications stemming from its biomechanical role. One aspect of this field is the bringing together of bioengineers with clinical researchers and biologists. Genetic and biochemical aspects of titin-related proteins are being studied together with front-line engineering approaches designed to measure the mechanics of titin either in small aggregates or in single molecules.
Elastic Media with Microstructure I: One-Dimensional Models (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences #26)
by I. A. KuninCrystals and polycrystals,composites and polymers, grids and multibar systems can be considered as examples of media with microstructure. A characteristic feature of all such models is the existence of scale parameters which are connected with micro geometry or long-range interacting forces. As a result the corresponding theory must essentially be a nonlocal one. The book is devoted to a systematic investigation of effects of microstructure, inner degrees of freedom and nonlocality in elastic media. The propagation of linear and nonlinear waves in dispersive media, static problems, and the theory of defects are considered in detail. Much attention is paid to approximate models and limiting tran sitions to classical elasticity. The book can be considered as a revised and updated edition of the author's book under the same title published in Russian in 1975. The frrst volume presents a self-con tained theory of one-dimensional models. The theory of three-dimensional models will be considered in a forthcoming volume. The author would like to thank H. Lotsch and H. Zorsky who read the manuscript and offered many suggestions.
Elastic Media with Microstructure II: Three-Dimensional Models (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences #44)
by I. A. Kunin
Elastic Multibody Dynamics: A Direct Ritz Approach (Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering #35)
by Hartmut Bremer1. Background This textbook is an introduction to and exploration of a number of core topics in the ?eld of applied mechanics. Mechanics, in both its theoretical and applied contexts, is, like all scienti?c endeavors, a human construct. It re?ects the personalities, thoughts, errors, and successes of its creators. We therefore provide some personal information about each of these individuals when their names arise for the ?rst time in this book. This should enable the reader to piece together a cultural-historical picture of the ?eld s origins and development. This does not mean that we are writing history. Nevertheless, some remarks putting individuals and ideas in context are necessary in order to make clear what we are speaking about – and what we are not speaking about. At the end of the 19th century, technical universities were established eve- where in Europe in an almost euphoric manner. But the practice of technical mechanics itself, as one of the basics of technical development, was in a desolate state, due largely to the refusal of its practitioners to recognize the in?uence of kinetics on motion. They were correct to the extend that then current mechanical systems moved with small velocities where kinetics does not play a signi?cant role. But they had failed to keep up with developments in the science underlying their craft and were unable to keep pace with the speeds of such systems as the steam engine.
Elastic Optical Networks: Fundamentals, Design, Control, and Management
by Bijoy Chatterjee Eiji OkiThe rapid growth in communications and internet has changed our way of life, and our requirement for communication bandwidth. Optical networks can enable us to meet the continued demands for this bandwidth, although conventional optical networks struggle in achieving this, due to the limitation of the electrical bandwidth barrier. Flexgrid technology is a promising solution for future high-speed network design. To promote an efficient and scalable implementation of elastic optical technology in the telecommunications infrastructure, many challenging issues related to routing and spectrum allocation (RSA), resource utilization, fault management and quality of service provisioning must be addressed. This book reviews the development of elastic optical networks (EONs), and addresses RSA problems with spectrum fragment issues, which degrade the quality of service provisioning. The book starts with a brief introduction to optical fiber transmission system, and then provides an overview of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and WDM optical networks. It discusses the limitations of conventional WDM optical networks, and discusses how EONs overcome these limitations. It presents the architecture of the EONs and its operation principle. To complete the discussion of network architecture, this book focuses on the different node architectures, and compares their performance in terms of scalability and flexibility. It reviews and classifies different RSA approaches, including their pros and cons. It focuses on different aspects related to RSA. The spectrum fragmentation is a serious issue in EONs, which needs to be managed. The book explains the fragmentation problem in EONs, discusses, and analyzes the major conventional spectrum allocation policies in terms of the fragmentation effect in a network. The taxonomies of the fragmentation management approaches are presented along with different node architectures. State-of-the-art fragmentation management approaches are looked at. A useful feature of this book is that it provides mathematical modeling and analyzes theoretical computational complexity for different problems in elastic optical networks. Finally, this book addresses the research challenges and open issues in EONs and provides future directions for future research.
Elastic Optical Networks: Fundamentals, Design, Control, and Management
by Bijoy Chatterjee Eiji OkiThe rapid growth in communications and internet has changed our way of life, and our requirement for communication bandwidth. Optical networks can enable us to meet the continued demands for this bandwidth, although conventional optical networks struggle in achieving this, due to the limitation of the electrical bandwidth barrier. Flexgrid technology is a promising solution for future high-speed network design. To promote an efficient and scalable implementation of elastic optical technology in the telecommunications infrastructure, many challenging issues related to routing and spectrum allocation (RSA), resource utilization, fault management and quality of service provisioning must be addressed. This book reviews the development of elastic optical networks (EONs), and addresses RSA problems with spectrum fragment issues, which degrade the quality of service provisioning. The book starts with a brief introduction to optical fiber transmission system, and then provides an overview of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and WDM optical networks. It discusses the limitations of conventional WDM optical networks, and discusses how EONs overcome these limitations. It presents the architecture of the EONs and its operation principle. To complete the discussion of network architecture, this book focuses on the different node architectures, and compares their performance in terms of scalability and flexibility. It reviews and classifies different RSA approaches, including their pros and cons. It focuses on different aspects related to RSA. The spectrum fragmentation is a serious issue in EONs, which needs to be managed. The book explains the fragmentation problem in EONs, discusses, and analyzes the major conventional spectrum allocation policies in terms of the fragmentation effect in a network. The taxonomies of the fragmentation management approaches are presented along with different node architectures. State-of-the-art fragmentation management approaches are looked at. A useful feature of this book is that it provides mathematical modeling and analyzes theoretical computational complexity for different problems in elastic optical networks. Finally, this book addresses the research challenges and open issues in EONs and provides future directions for future research.