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Embryology of Flowering Plants: Reproductive Systems

Plant embryology, dealing with the regularities of initiation and the first stages of development of an organism, is now flourishing because of the overall progress being made in natural sciences. Such discoveries of the 20th century as production of plants from a single somatic cell, experimental haploidy, and parasexual hybridization were of general biological significance. The combined efforts of embryologists, geneticists and molecular biologists yielded the discovery of specific genes that control meiosis, egg cell development and early stages of embryogenesis. The tendency to synthesize data of embryology and genetics has become increasingly noticeable. It is connected with the fact that the majority of problems connected with morphogenesis, such as differentiation, specialization, the evaluation of features and the definition of the notionsgene and feature andgenotype and phenotype concern embryology and genetics (embryogenetics) in one way or another. Evolutionary embryology has given rise to a new approach to the study of problems of adaptation in plants. In connection with the problem of preserving biological diversity under conditions of ecological stress, special attention is paid to ecological embryology, revealing the critical periods in early ontogenesis and plasticity and tolerance of reproductive systems at the level of species and population. The study of variability of morphogenesis and phenotype in population (life cycle variations and the diversity of reproductive systems) is the most important point in the population embryology of plants.

The Embryology of the Common Marmoset: Callithrix jacchus (Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology #52/5)

The Embryology of the Human Locomotor System

In this Atlas I want to share with my fellow clinicians the fascina­ tion I experienced while discovering the marvels of embryonic development. Why haven't these marvels excited me before? I believe that the use of schemata and drawings or photographs of animal embryos, commonly used in textbooks of embryology, simply did not appeal to me as a clinician. Only actual photo­ graphs of human embryos can establish the bond necessary for interaction. Just imagine the excitement when you find out how many struc­ tures you can recognize in a 5-week-old embryo, barely measuring 1 cm in length. But our fascination does not stop here. The pro­ gression of changes taking place during the next 3 weeks is so rapid that at the time when the embryo measures 3 cm, all structures familiar to us are not only easily recognizable, but also already in their anatomical position. How can we hide our amazement when we realize that such a state of perfection is present in an embryo a bit longer than the distal phalanx of our little finger? At 8 weeks the embryonic period ends and the fetal one starts. Although the shape and the relative size of bones, joints, muscles, nerves, and vessels will undergo changes, the basic elements are all in place. This implies that major malformations must develop during the embryonic period.

The Embryonic Development of Drosophila melanogaster

" . . . but our knowledge is so weak that no philosopher will ever be able to completely explore the nature of even a fly . . . " * Thomas Aquinas "In Symbolum Apostolorum" 079 RSV p/96 This is a monograph on embryogenesis of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, conceived as a reference book on the morphology of embryonic development. A monograph of this extent and content is not yet available in the literature on Drosophila embryology, and we believe that there is a real need for it. Thanks to the pro­ gress achieved during the last ten years in the fields of develop­ mental and molecular genetics, work on Drosophila development has expanQ. ed considerably, creating an even greater need for the information that we present here. Our own interest in embryonic development of the wild type arose several years ago, when we began to study the development of mutants. In the course of these studies we repeatedly had occasion to discover gaps and inade­ quacies in the existing literature on the embryology of the wild type, so that we undertook to investigate many of these problems ourselves. Convinced that many of our colleagues will have encountered similar difficulties, we decided to publish the present monograph. Although not explicitly recorded, Thomas Aquinas was proba­ bly referring to the domestic fly and not to the fruit fly. Irrespec­ tive of which fly he meant, however, we know that Thomas was right.

The Embryonic Development of Drosophila melanogaster

" . . . but our knowledge is so weak that no philosoph er will ever be able to completely explore the nature of even a fly . . . " * Thornas Aquinas "In Syrnbolurn Apostolorum" 079 RSV p/96 This is a monograph on embryogenesis of the fruit fly Drosophi­ la melanogaster conceived as a reference book on morphology of embryonie development. A monograph of this extent and con­ tent is not yet available in the literature of Drosophila embryolo­ gy, and we believe that there is areal need for it. Thanks to the progress achieved during the last ten years in the fields of devel­ opmental and molecular genetics, work on Drosophila develop­ ment has considerably expanded creating an even greater need for the information that we present here. Our own interest for wildtype embryonie development arose several years ago, when we began to study the development of mutants. While those studies were going on we repeatedly had occasion to state in­ sufficiencies in the existing literature about the embryology of the wildtype, so that we undertook investigating many of these problems by ourselves. Convinced that several of our colleagues will have encountered similar difficulties we decided to publish the present monograph. Although not expressely recorded, Thomas Aquinas probably referred to the domestic fly and not to the fruit fly. Irrespective of which fly he meant, however, we know that Thomas was right in any case.

Embryonic Mortality in Farm Animals (Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine #34)

Reproductive wastage is a major inefficiency in all livestock production with embryonic mortality accounting for a major portion of this loss. Accordingly the Commission of the European Communities encouraged the organisation of a seminar on embryonic mortality in farm animals which was held in Brussels on the 11th and 12th of December 1984. This book contains the text of the papers, discussions and final summary presented at that Seminar. As a background to the Seminar, the extent and timing of embryonic loss was described for farm animals. Particular consideration was then given to the various mechanisms and signals, both embryonic and uterine in origin, that are so far known to be involved in the establishment of pregnancy. Possible causes of embryonic death including physiological, endocrinological, genetic and immunological components were outlined and discussed. The final summary contains general conclusions from the Seminar and recommendations for future research work on this topic. J.M. Sreenan M.G. Diskin July 1985. ******************** THE EXTENT AND TIMING OF EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN THE COW J. M. Sreenan & M. G. Diskin, The Agricultural Institute, Belclare, Tuam, Galway, Ireland ABSTRACT The extent and timing of embryonic mortality in heifers, normal cows and repeat breeder cows has been reviewed.

Embryonic Stem Cell Immunobiology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1029)

Bone marrow stem cells are the most transplanted cells worldwide. These cells are used as a replacement therapy for patients suffering from a diverse number of hematopoietic diseases and immunodeficiencies. However, the use of bone marrow cells in regenerative medicine has so far remained without much success. In the new era of pluripotent stem cells, great opportunities for establishing new therapies have opened up. The discovery of human embryonic stem cells and that of induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells has made it possible to derive any desired tissues for regenerative medicine as iPS cell derived cells are only limited by the lack of established protocols that can be applied in humans. There is no doubt that stem cells present a new and innovative platform for establishing novel cell based therapies. The challenge is to establish new protocols that allow the successful differentiation of these cells into lineage committed cells. Embryonic Stem Cell Immunobiology: Methods and Protocols covers a variety of relevant topics, such as hematopoietic stem cells derived from ES cells, the interaction of these cells with natural killer cells or with cytotoxic T cells, and specific protocols for the derivation of hematopoietic cells and neuronal cells, to name a few. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Embryonic Stem Cell Immunobiology: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to experts and non-experts interested in different aspects of stem cells.

Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Isolation And Characterization (Methods in Molecular Biology #1341)

This extensive volume explores areas of intense activity related to the very early commitment of stem cells to particular lineages and the progression of differentiation to mature cell stages. Research on embryonic stem cells continues to move very quickly, thus the kinds of studies continue to expand and diversify, and methodologies are continuously being refined and improved, which this book reflects. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions on their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Comprehensive and fully updated, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols, Third Edition serves as an ideal reference for researchers investigating this rich area of study.

Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Volume II: Differentiation Models (Methods in Molecular Biology #330)

Now in two volumes, this completely updated and expanded edition of Embryonic Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the manipulation of nonhuman embryonic stem cells. Volume two, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Differentiation Models, Second Edition, covers state-of-the-art methods for deriving many types of differentiating cells from ES cells. The first volume, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Isolation and Characterization, Second Edition, provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the isolation, maintenance, and characterization of embryonic stem cells. Together, the two volumes illuminate for both novices and experts our current understanding of the biology of embryonic stem cells and their utility in normal tissue homeostasis and regenerative medicine applications.

Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Volume I: Isolation and Characterization (Methods in Molecular Biology #329)

Now in two volumes, this completely updated and expanded edition of Embryonic Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the manipulation of nonhuman embryonic stem cells. Volume one, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Isolation and Characterization, Second Edition, provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the isolation, maintenance, and characterization of embryonic stem cells. The second volume, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Differentiation Models, Second Edition, covers state-of-the-art methods for deriving many types of differentiating cells from ES cells. Together, the two volumes illuminate for both novices and experts our current understanding of the biology of embryonic stem cells and their utility in normal tissue homeostasis and regenerative medicine applications.

Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Isolation And Characterization (Methods in Molecular Biology #2520)

This fully updated volume explores improved and extended protocols for embryonic stem cell (ESC) research, provided with the most direct and informative methodologies currently available. The book examines how these models for cell lineage and differentiation studies have continued to mature into a critical research workhorse. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols, Fourth Edition serves as an ideal resource for researching mining the depths of the ESC field.

Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for Osteo-Degenerative Diseases: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #690)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer an unlimited self-renewing capacity, as opposed to the limits of adult stem cells; therefore, ESCs represent an almost bottomless resource for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches. In Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for Osteo-Degenerative Diseases: Methods and Protocols, accomplished investigators provide detailed descriptions on how to expand ESCs from the most commonly used species ex vivo, i.e. mouse and human, in static culture as well as in controllable bioreactor processes. The thorough and timely volume summarizes the methods that may be used to differentiate these cells along the desired lineage of choice, be it osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or chondrocytes, and consequentially also offers analysis tools for the characterization of resulting cells and evaluation of differentiation effectiveness. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and expert tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Dependable and cutting-edge, Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for Osteo-Degenerative Diseases: Methods and Protocols supplies the tools necessary to allow researchers to carry out critical research needed in order to bring this burgeoning and vitally important field closer to the clinic and to ensure the widespread application of a successful strategy.

Embryonic Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #185)

It is fair to say that embryonic stem (ES) cells have taken their place beside the human genome project as one of the most discussed biomedical issues of the day. It also seems certain that as this millennium unfolds we will see an increase in scientific and ethical debate about their potential utility in society. On the scientific front, it is clear that work on ES cells has already generated new possibilities and stimulated development of new strategies for increasing our und- standing of cell lineages and differentiation. It is not naïve to think that, within a decade or so, our overall understanding of stem cell biology will be as revolutionized as it was when the pioneering hemopoietic stem cell studies of Till and McCulloch in Toronto captured our imaginations in 1961. With it will come better methods for ES and lineage-specific stem cell identification, maintenance, and controlled fate selection. Clearly, ES cell models are already providing opportunities for the est- lishment of limitless sources of specific cell populations. In recognition of the gr- ing excitement and potential of ES cells as models for both the advancement of basic science and future clinical applications, I felt it timely to edit this collection of pro- cols (Embryonic Stem Cells) in which forefront investigators would provide detailed methods for use of ES cells to study various lineages and tissue types.

Embryonic Stem Cells and the Law: Crafting A Humane System of Regulation

This book deals with the research and use of embryonic stem cells to combat a number of diseases and the legal limitations, arising mostly from bioethical concerns regarding human life. Using the New Haven problem and policy-oriented method of jurisprudence, the author thoroughly explains the scientific and technological parameters and promise of this medical innovation and its alternatives as well as the conflicting claims and past decisions regarding its legal and moral acceptability in international and comparative perspective. International law, EU and regional human rights law, as well as individual countries’ laws across the globe are covered, ending with American law on the federal and state levels. The book concludes with a recommendation of humane regulation, and a draft federal statute as a model form of regulation that would allow the beneficial research and use of this technology.

Embryos, Genes and Birth Defects

The first edition of Embryos, Genes and Birth Defects, edited by the late Peter Thorogood, was a radical new book aimed at bridging the gap between the medical disciplines of embryology and dysmorphology, and recent advances in cellular, molecular and developmental biology. This new edition remains unique in its breadth and brings up to date our understanding of birth defects and of the strategies utilized to gain such knowledge. It features new chapters on human cytogenetics, mutagenesis and the eyes and ears. The book presents key topics in developmental biology and explains how they provide the foundations for understanding clinical birth defects. The first six chapters introduce concepts and strategies adopted to elucidate developmental anomalies leading to birth defects. The book then focuses on specific organs and reviews the cellular and molecular mechanisms affecting their development and how disruption of these mechanisms by genetic or environmental factors may underlie certain birth defects. The chapters are concise and provide up-to-date coverage of topics in a format that is easily accessible and yet at the forefront of research. Written primarily for paediatricians, obstetricians, clinical geneticists and allied workers, this book guides the reader through the contribution of modern molecular biology to our understanding of human development. Developmental and cellular biologists will learn how errors in the cellular and genetic mechanism can lead to classical disorders, diseases and syndromes.

Embryos under the Microscope: The Diverging Meanings Of Life

Jane Maienschein examines how understanding of embryos evolved from the speculations of natural philosophers to bioengineering, with its life-enhancing therapies. She shows that research on embryos has always seemed promising to some but frightening to others, and makes the case that public understanding must be informed by scientific findings.

Embryos under the Microscope: The Diverging Meanings Of Life

Jane Maienschein examines how understanding of embryos evolved from the speculations of natural philosophers to bioengineering, with its life-enhancing therapies. She shows that research on embryos has always seemed promising to some but frightening to others, and makes the case that public understanding must be informed by scientific findings.

EMC 2008: Vol 3: Life Science

Proceedings of the14th European Microscopy Congress, held in Aachen, Germany, 1-5 September 2008. Jointly organised by the European Microscopy Society (EMS), the German Society for Electron Microscopy (DGE) and the local microscopists from RWTH Aachen University and the Research Centre Jülich, the congress brings together scientists from Europe and from all over the world. The scientific programme covers all recent developments in the three major areas of instrumentation and methods, materials science and life science.

EMC 2008: Vol 1: Instrumentation and Methods

Proceedings of the14th European Microscopy Congress, held in Aachen, Germany, 1-5 September 2008. Jointly organised by the European Microscopy Society (EMS), the German Society for Electron Microscopy (DGE) and the local microscopists from RWTH Aachen University and the Research Centre Jülich, the congress brings together scientists from Europe and from all over the world. The scientific programme covers all recent developments in the three major areas of instrumentation and methods, materials science and life science.

EMC 2008: Vol 2: Materials Science

Proceedings of the14th European Microscopy Congress, held in Aachen, Germany, 1-5 September 2008. Jointly organised by the European Microscopy Society (EMS), the German Society for Electron Microscopy (DGE) and the local microscopists from RWTH Aachen University and the Research Centre Jülich, the congress brings together scientists from Europe and from all over the world. The scientific programme covers all recent developments in the three major areas of instrumentation and methods, materials science and life science.

EMC ’91: Non-Ferrous Metallurgy—Present and Future

This volume contains the papers that will be presented at 'EMC '91 '-the European Metals Conference-to be held in Brussels, Belgium, from 15 to 20 September 1991, and organized by Benelux Metallurgie, GDMB (Gesellschaft Deutscher Metallhutten­ und Bergleute) and IMM (the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy). 'EMC '91' is the first of an intended major series organized at the European level with the aim of bringing together all those who are involved with the extraction and processing of non-ferrous metals-European metallurgists and their international colleagues-to provide them with the opportunity to exchange views on the state and evolution of their industry. The programme covers all the different aspects of the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals from mining to fabricated products. Particular attention is being paid to the European non -ferrous industry with respect to changes in demand, the technology used, pressures on the environment and the competitive position of manufacturers. The contributions of the plenary lecturers (copies of which will appear in the IMM journal Minerals Industry International in 1991-92) and the many authors are gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to the referees of the papers, the sponsors, the companies that have allowed registrants to visit their operations, the chairmen of the technical sessions and the staffs of the organizing bodies for their efficient administrative work. Jean Vereecken Chairman, Organizing Committee July 1991 v Contents Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . v .

EMC and the Printed Circuit Board: Design, Theory, and Layout Made Simple (IEEE Press Series on Electronics Technology #6)

"Mark I. Montrose, the best-selling author of PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR EMC COMPLIANCE, now brings you his newest book, EMC AND THE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. This accessible, new reference work shows how and why RF energy is created within a printed circuit board and the manner in which propagation occurs. With lucid explanations, this book enables engineers to grasp both the fundamentals of EMC theory and signal integrity and the mitigation process needed to prevent an EMC event. Author Montrose also shows the relationship between time and frequency domains to help you meet mandatory compliance requirements placed on printed circuit boards. Using real-world examples the book features: * Clear discussions, without complex mathematical analysis, of flux minimization concepts * Extensive analysis of capacitor usage for various applications * Detailed examination of components characteristics with various grounding methodologies, including implementation techniques * An in-depth study of transmission line theory * A careful look at signal integrity, crosstalk, and termination" Sponsored by: IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society.

EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)

Environmental electromagnetic pollution has drastically increased over the last decades. The omnipresence of communication systems, various electronic appliances and the use of ever increasing frequencies, all contribute to a noisy electromagnetic environment which acts detrimentally on sensitive electronic equipment. Integrated circuits must be able to operate satisfactorily while cohabiting harmoniously in the same appliance, and not generate intolerable levels of electromagnetic emission, while maintaining a sound immunity to potential electromagnetic disturbances: analog integrated circuits are in particular more easily disturbed than their digital counterparts, since they don't have the benefit of dealing with predefined levels ensuring an innate immunity to disturbances. The objective of the research domain presented in EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits is to improve the electromagnetic immunity of considered analog integrated circuits, so that they start to fail at relevantly higher conduction levels than before.

Emer de Vattel and the Politics of Good Government: Constitutionalism, Small States and the International System

This book explores the history of the international order in the eighteenth and nineteenth century through a new study of Emer de Vattel’s Droit des gens (1758). Drawing on unpublished sources from European archives and libraries, the book offers an in-depth account of the reception of Vattel’s chief work. Vattel’s focus on the myth of good government became a strong argument for republicanism, the survival of small states, drafting constitutions and reform projects and fighting everyday battles for freedom in different geographical, linguistic and social contexts. The book complicates the picture of Vattel’s enduring success and usefulness, showing too how the work was published and translated to criticize and denounce the dangerousness of these ideas. In doing so, it opens up new avenues of research beyond histories of international law, political and economic thought.

The Emerald Planet: How plants changed Earth's history (Oxford Landmark Science)

Plants have profoundly moulded the Earth's climate and the evolutionary trajectory of life. Far from being 'silent witnesses to the passage of time', plants are dynamic components of our world, shaping the environment throughout history as much as that environment has shaped them. In The Emerald Planet, David Beerling puts plants centre stage, revealing the crucial role they have played in driving global changes in the environment, in recording hidden facets of Earth's history, and in helping us to predict its future. His account draws together evidence from fossil plants, from experiments with their living counterparts, and from computer models of the 'Earth System', to illuminate the history of our planet and its biodiversity. This new approach reveals how plummeting carbon dioxide levels removed a barrier to the evolution of the leaf; how plants played a starring role in pushing oxygen levels upwards, allowing spectacular giant insects to thrive in the Carboniferous; and it strengthens fascinating and contentious fossil evidence for an ancient hole in the ozone layer. Along the way, Beerling introduces a lively cast of pioneering scientists from Victorian times onwards whose discoveries provided the crucial background to these and the other puzzles. This understanding of our planet's past sheds a sobering light on our own climate-changing activities, and offers clues to what our climatic and ecological futures might look like. There could be no more important time to take a close look at plants, and to understand the history of the world through the stories they tell. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.