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Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science

Enzyme Engineering An authoritative and up-to-date discussion of enzyme engineering and its applications In Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a robust treatment of enzyme engineering and its applications in various fields such as biotechnology, life science, and synthesis. The book begins with an introduction to different protein engineering techniques, covers topics like gene mutagenesis methods for directed evolution and rational enzyme design. It includes industrial case studies of enzyme engineering with a focus on selectivity and activity. The authors also discuss new and innovative areas in the field, involving machine learning and artificial intelligence. It offers several insightful perspectives on the future of this work. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to directed evolution and rational design as protein engineering techniques Comprehensive explorations of screening and selection techniques, gene mutagenesis methods in directed evolution, and guidelines for applying gene mutagenesis in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical applications, and biotechnology Practical discussions of protein engineering of enzyme robustness relevant to organic and pharmaceutical chemistry Treatments of artificial enzymes as promiscuous catalysts Various lessons learned from semi-rational and rational directed evolution A transdisciplinary treatise, Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science is perfect for protein engineers, theoreticians, organic, and pharmaceutical chemists as well as transition metal researchers in catalysis and biotechnologists.

Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science

Enzyme Engineering An authoritative and up-to-date discussion of enzyme engineering and its applications In Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a robust treatment of enzyme engineering and its applications in various fields such as biotechnology, life science, and synthesis. The book begins with an introduction to different protein engineering techniques, covers topics like gene mutagenesis methods for directed evolution and rational enzyme design. It includes industrial case studies of enzyme engineering with a focus on selectivity and activity. The authors also discuss new and innovative areas in the field, involving machine learning and artificial intelligence. It offers several insightful perspectives on the future of this work. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to directed evolution and rational design as protein engineering techniques Comprehensive explorations of screening and selection techniques, gene mutagenesis methods in directed evolution, and guidelines for applying gene mutagenesis in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical applications, and biotechnology Practical discussions of protein engineering of enzyme robustness relevant to organic and pharmaceutical chemistry Treatments of artificial enzymes as promiscuous catalysts Various lessons learned from semi-rational and rational directed evolution A transdisciplinary treatise, Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science is perfect for protein engineers, theoreticians, organic, and pharmaceutical chemists as well as transition metal researchers in catalysis and biotechnologists.

Enzyme Engineering: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #978)

Whether the pursuit is commercially motivated or purely academic, engineering a novel biological catalyst is an enticing challenge. High-resolution protein structure analysis allows for rational alteration of enzyme function, yet many useful enzyme variants are the product of well-designed selection schemes or screening strategies. Enzyme Engineering: Methods and Protocols provides guidance to investigators wishing to create enzyme variants with desired properties. This detailed volume covers such topics as a simple method for generating site-specific mutations within bacterial chromosomes. It also highlights the engineering of two difference types of rare-cutting endonucleases that show great potential in gene therapy applications: The newest development is the emergence of TAL effector nucleases or TALENs. Chapters describe newly developed technologies in sufficient detail so that each method can be practiced in a standard molecular biology laboratory. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible Enzyme Engineering: Methods and Protocols will be valuable for scientists with a budding interest in protein engineering as well as veterans looking for new approaches to apply in established discovery programs.

Enzyme Engineering: Future Directions

The Soviet Union has had an active research and development program in the study and applica­ tion of soluble and immobilized enzymes since about 1970. Therefore, it was a natural conse­ quence that an international conference should be held in the Soviet Union to focus on some of the developments that may lead to new and exciting practical applications of enzymatic catalysts in a variety of areas, especially carbohydrate con­ versions, medicine, energy transduction, and photochemistry. The International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study, with its goal of focusing international scientific and technological exper­ tise on world problems, also has been very active in the area of enzyme engineering, with a major effort during 1972-1977 in several of the sub­ areas covered in this volume. The conference was held June 20-24, 1978 in the city of Tbilisi in the Georgian SSR of the USSR, under the title "The Future of Enzyme En­ gineering Development." The participants expressed a high sense of gratitude to the State Committee for Science and Technology and especially to the Georgian Academy of Sciences for their hospitality. The services of the Soviet linguists in providing simultaneous translation between Russian and English, and the brass band that played for the departing participants at the Tbilisi airport helped to make both the scientific and cultural parts of the conference memorable.

Enzyme Engineering Volume 2

Considerable worldwide interest has arisen in recent years in the controlled use of enzymes as catalysts in industrial processing, analytical chemistry and medical therapy. This interest has genera­ ted the new interdisciplinary field of Enzyme Engineering, which includes both the scientific and technologic aspects of the produc­ tion, purification, immobilization, and application of enzymes in a variety of situations and reactor configurations. A series of Engineering Foundation conferences on Enzyme Engineering was initia­ ted to provide an international forum for the exchange of ideas and information over the entire range of this new field. The outstanding success of the first two conferences attests to the vigor and poten­ tial of this field to contribute significantly to a better under­ standing and resolution of some of the major problems faced by man­ kind. The first conference, which was held August 9-13, 1971, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A. , aided significantly in molding the several traditional disciplines that interact to form the field of Enzyme Engineering. The conference was highly successful mainly because many of the key scientists and engineers from the several facets of Enzyme Engineering were brought together for the first time at a single residential meeting. The result was an exchange of ideas and "education" of one another in the pertinent principles of the diverse disciplines which contribute to this field. The second conference, held August 5-10, 1973, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A.

Enzyme Handbook: Supplement I

Enzyme Handbook: Volume I

I t is a pleasure to write a few lines to welcome this labour of Iove. I t is always dangeraus to draw sharp divisions between the interests of different scientists. However, in the present stage of progress in enzymology, there are those who are primarily interested in the molecular mechanisms of the reactions of a few selected enzymes, while others are involved in the grand scheme of the chemical metabolism of cells or whole organisms. Fortunately Dr. Barman has had experience in both the molecular and the metabolic aspects of enzymology. He therefore knows the require­ ments of research workers interested in enzymes from many different points of view. It would be foolish to hope that a handbook of this kind will provide all the information about enzymes which different specialists would wish to find. The author has attempted to help users in the following way. If one Iooks up a particular enzyme one will find all the basic data and a very good Iist of references for more specialized information. Apart from selection of the type of information provided, the author's judgement on the reliability of data is, of course, of critical importance in a handbook. If contradicting published information about some property of an enzyme has to be sorted out, it is often neither possible to teil the whole story nor to give an objective judgement.

Enzyme Handbook: Volume 3: Class 3: Hydrolases

Enzymes are applied in organic synthesis and in analytical chemistry, in industrial production processes of pharmaceuticals and in food processing. Finding a suitable enzyme for a desired transformation or with a de- fined specificity is not always an easy task. More than 3000 enzymes are well described to date. The Enzyme Handbook provides all the information for selecting the proper enzyme to perform defined transformations in a given environment. The Enzyme Handbook devotes a variable number of pages for each enzyme, depending on the amount of information available with the EC number as ordering criterion within a volume. Revised data sheets can be released for individual enzymes and newly characterized enzymes and they can easily be sorted into the binders at the appropriate place. Each data sheet is divided into 7 sections: - Nomenclature (EC number, Systematic name, Recommended name, Synonyms, CAS Reg. No.). - Reaction and specificity (Catalysed reaction, Reaction type, Natural substrates, Substrate spectrum, Product spectrum, Inhibitors, Cofactors/prosthetic groups, Metal compounds/ salts, Turnover number, Specific activity, KM-value, pH-optimum, pH-range, Temperature optimum, Temperature range). - Enzyme structure (Molecular weight, Subunits, Glyco-/Lipoprotein). - Isolation/Preparation (Source organism, Source tissue, Localisation in source, Purification, Crystallization, Cloned, Renatured). - Stability (pH, Temperature, Oxidation, Organic solvent, General stability information, Storage). - Cross-References (to Structure Data Banks). - Literature references.

Enzyme Handbook: Volume 1: Class 4: Lyases

Recent progress in enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the more apparent has become the lack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties. The need for such a data bank was also expressed by the EC-task force "Biotechnology and Information". Therefore we started the development of an enzyme data information system as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The present book "Enzyme Handbook" represents the printed version of this data bank. In future it is also planned to make a com­ puter searchable version available. The enzymes in the Handbook are arranged according to the 1984 Enzyme Commission list of enzymes and later supplements. Some 3000 "different" en­ zymes are covered. Frequently very different enzymes are included under the same E. C. number. Although we intended to give a representative overview on the molecular variability of each enzyme, the Handbook is not a com­ pendium. The reader will have to go to the primary literature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover all numerous, up to 40 000, literature references for each enzyme if data representation is to be concise as is intended.

Enzyme Handbook

Enzymes are applied in organic synthesis and in analytical chemistry, in industrial production processes of pharmaceuticals and in food processing. Finding a suitable enzyme for a desired transformation or with a de- fined specificity is not always an easy task. More than 3000 enzymes are well described to date. The Enzyme Handbook provides all the information for selecting the proper enzyme to perform defined transformations in a given environment. The Enzyme Handbook devotes a variable number of pages for each enzyme, depending on the amount of information available with the EC number as ordering criterion within a volume. Revised data sheets can be released for individual enzymes and newly characterized enzymes and they can easily be sorted into the binders at the appropriate place. Each data sheet is divided into 7 sections: - Nomenclature (EC number, Systematic name, Recom- mended name, Synonyms, CAS Reg. No.) - Reaction and specificity (Catalysed reaction, Reaction type, Natural substrates, Substrate spectrum, Product spectrum, Inhibitors, Cofactors/prosthetic groups, Metal compounds/salts, Turnover number, Specific activity, KM-value, pH-optimum, pH-range, Tem- perature optimum, Temperature range) - Enzyme structure (Molecular weight, Subunits, Glyco-/Lipoprotein) - Isolation/Preparation (Source organism, Source tissue, Localisation in source, Purification, Crystallization, Cloned, Renatured) - Stability (pH, Temperature, Oxidation, Organic sol- vent, General stability information, Storage) - Cross-References (to Structure Data Banks) - Literature references

Enzyme Handbook: Volume 6: Class 1.2–1.4: Oxidoreductases

The objective of the Enzyme Handbook is to provide in a concise form data on enzymes sufficiently well characterized. Data of about 3000 enzymes are presently known and their data sheets will be published at a frequency of 200 per quarter. The data sheets are arranged in their EC Number sequence, Vol. 6 containing Oxidoreductases (Class 1.2: Acting on aldehyde or keto-group of donors, Class 1.3: Acting on CH-CH group of donors, Class 1.4: Acting on CH-NH2 group of donors). For each enzyme, systematic and common names are given, information on reaction type, substrate and product spectrum, inhibitors, cofactors, kinetic data, pH and temperature range, origin, purification, molecular data and storage conditions are listed. A reference list completes the data sheet. This collection is an indispensable source of information for researchers applying enzymes in analysis, synthesis and biotechnology.

Enzyme Handbook: Volume 8: Class 1.13–1.97: Oxidoreductases

Recent progress on enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the Iack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties has become more apparent. Therefore, we started the development of an enzyme data in­ formation system as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The present book "Enzyme Handbook" represents the printed version of this data bank. ln future a computer searchable versionwill be also available. The enzymes in this Handbock are arranged according to the Enzyme Commission Iist of enzymes. Some 3000 "different" enzymes will be covered. Frequently enzymes with very different properties are included under the same EC number. Although we intend to give a representative overview on the characteristics and variability of each enzyme the Handbock is not a com­ pendium. The readerwill have to go to the primary Iiterature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover all the numerous Iiterature references for each enzyme (for special enzymes up to 40000) if the data re­ presentation is tobe concise as is intended.

Enzyme Handbook: Volume 11: Class 2.1 - 2.3 Transferases

Recent progress on enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme re­ generation and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the lack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties has become more appar­ ent. Therefore, we started the development of an enzyme data information sys­ tem as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The "Enzyme Hand­ present book book" represents the printed version of this data bank. In future a computer searchable version will be also available. The enzymes in this Handbook are arranged according to the Enzyme Com­ mission list of enzymes. Some 3000 "different" enzymes will be covered. Fre­ quently enzymes with very different properties are included under the same EC number. Although we intend to give a representative overview on the char­ acteristics and variability of each enzyme the Handbook is not a compendium. The reader will have to go to the primary literature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover all the numerous literature references for each enzyme (for special enzymes up to 40000) if the data representation is to be concise as is intended.

Enzyme Handbook: Volume 15: First Supplement Part 1 Class 3: Hydrolases

Today, as the large international genome sequence projects are gaining a great amount of public atte_ntion and huge sequence data bases are created it be­ comes more and more obvious that we are very limited in our ability to access functional data for the gene products - the proteins, in particular for enzymes. Those data are inherently very difficult to collect, interpret and standardize as they are highly distributed among journals from different fields and are often sub­ ject to experimental conditions. Nevertheless a systematic collection is essential for our interpretation of the genome information and more so for possible appli­ cations of this knowledge in the fields of medicine, agriculture, etc .. Recent pro­ gress on enzyme immobilization, enzyme production, enzyme inhibition, coen­ zyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. It is the functional profile of an enzyme that enables a biologist or physician to analyse a metabolic pathway and its disturbance; it is the substrate specificity of an enzyme which tells an analytical biochemist how to design an assay; it is the stability, specificity and efficiency of an enzyme which determines its usefulness in the biotechnical transformation of a molecule. And the sum of all these data will have to be considered when the deSigner of artificial biocatalysts has to choose the optimum prototype to start with.

Enzyme Handbook 10: Class 1.1: Oxidoreductases

Recent progress on enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme re­ generation and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the lack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties has become more appar­ ent. Therefore, we started the development of an enzyme data information sys­ tem as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The present book "Enzyme Hand­ book" represents the printed version of this data bank. In future a computer searchable version will be also available. The enzymes in this Handbook are arranged according to the Enzyme Com­ mission list of enzymes. Some 3000 "different" enzymes will be covered. Fre­ quently enzymes with very different properties are included under the same EC number. Although we intend to give a representative overview on the char­ acteristics and variability of each enzyme the Handbook is not a compendium. The reader will have to go to the primary literature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover all the numerous literature references for each enzyme (for special enzymes up to 40000) if the data representation is to be concise as is intended.

Enzyme Handbook 12: Class 2.3.2 — 2.4 Transferases

Recent progress on enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme re­ generation and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the lack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties has become more appar­ ent. Therefore, we started the development of an enzyme data information sys­ tem as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The present book "Enzyme Hand­ book" represents the printed vers ion of this data bank. In future a computer searchable version will be also available. The enzymes in this Handbook are arranged according to the Enzyme Com­ mission list of enzymes. Some 3000 "different" enzymes will be covered. Fre­ quently enzymes with very different properties are included under the same EC number. Although we intend to give a representative overview on the char­ acteristics and variability of each enzyme the Handbook is not a compendium. The reader will have to go to the primary literature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover aII the numerous literature references for each enzyme (for special enzymes up to 40000) if the data representation is to be concise as is intended.

Enzyme Handbook 13: Class 2.5 - EC 2.7.1.104 Transferases

Today, as the large international genome sequence projects are gaining a great amount of public attention and huge sequence data bases are created it be­ comes more and more obvious that we are very limited in our ability to access functional data for the gene products - the proteins, in particular for enzymes. Those data are inherently very difficult to collect, interpret and standardize as they are highly distributed among journals from different fields and are often sub­ ject to experimental conditions. Nevertheless a systematic collection is essential for our interpretation of the genome information and more so for possible appli­ cations of that knowledge in the fields of medicine, agriculture, etc .. Recent pro­ gress on enzyme immobilization, enzyme production, enzyme inhibition, coen­ zyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. It is the functional profile of an enzyme that enables a biologist of physician to analyze a metabolic pathway and its disturbance; it is the substrate specificity of an enzyme which tells an analytical biochemist how to design an assay; it is the stability, specificity and efficiency of an enzyme which determines its usefulness in the biotechnical transformation of a molecule. And the sum of all these data will have to be considered when the designer of artificial biocatalysts has to choose the optimum prototype to start with.

Enzyme Handbook 14: Class 2.7–2.8 Transferases, EC 2.7.1.105–EC 2.8.3.14

Today, as the large international genome sequence projects are gaining a great amount of public attention and huge sequence data bases are created it be­ comes more and more obvious that we are very limited in our ability to access functional data for the gene products -the proteins, in particular for enzymes. Those data are inherently very difficult to collect, interpret and standardize as they are highly distributed among journals from different fields and are often sub­ ject to experimental conditions. Nevertheless a systematic collection is essential for our interpretation of the genome information and more so for possible appli­ cations of that knowledge in the fields of medicine, agriculture, etc .. Recent pro­ gress on enzyme immobilization, enzyme production, enzyme inhibition, coen­ zyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. It is the functional profile of an enzyme that enables a biologist of physician to analyze a metabolic pathway and its disturbance; it is the substrate specificity of an enzyme which tells an analytical biochemist how to design an assay; it is the stability, specificity and efficiency of an enzyme which determines its usefulness in the biotechnical transformation of a molecule. And the sum of all these data will have to be considered when the designer of artificial biocatalysts has to choose the optimum prototype to start with.

Enzyme Handbook 16: First Supplement Part 2 Class 3: Hydrolases

Enzyme Handbook 17: Volume 17: First Supplement Part 3

Today, as the large international genome sequence projects are gaining a great amount of public attention and huge sequence data bases are created it be­ comes more and more obvious that we are very limited in our ability to access functional data for the gene products - the proteins, in particular for enzymes. Those data are inherently very difficult to collect, interpret and standardize as they are highly distributed among journals from different fields and are often sub­ ject to experimental conditions. Nevertheless a systematic collection is essential for our interpretation of the genome information and more so for possible appli­ cations of this knowledge in the fields of medicine, agriculture, etc .. Recent pro­ gress on enzyme immobilization, enzyme production, enzyme inhibition, coen­ zyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. It is the functional profile of an enzyme that enables a biologist or physician to analyse a metabolic pathway and its disturbance; it is the substrate specificity of an enzyme which tells an analytical biochemist how to design an assay; it is the stability, specificity and efficiency of an enzyme which determines its usefulness in the biotechnical transformation of a molecule. And the sum of all these data will have to be considered when the designer of artificial biocatalysts has to choose the optimum prototype to start with.

Enzyme Handbook 4: Class 3: Hydrolases

Recent progress in enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the more apparent has become the Iack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties. The need for such a data bank was also expressed by the EC-task force "Biotechnology and Information". Therefore we started the development of an enzyme data information system as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The present book "Enzyme Handbook" represents the printed version of this data bank. ln future it is also planned to make a com­ puter searchable version available. The enzymes in the Handbook are arranged according to the 1984 Enzyme Commission Iist of enzymes and later supplements. Same 3000 "different" en­ zymes are covered. Frequently very different enzymes are included under the same E. C. number. Although we intended to give a representative overview on the molecular variability of each enzyme, the Handbook is not a com­ pendium. The readerwill have to go to the primary Iiterature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover all numerous, up to 40 000, Iiterature references for each enzyme if data representation is to be concise as is intended.

Enzyme Handbook 7: Class 1.5–1.12: Oxidoreductases

Recent progress on enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme regeneration and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the lack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties has become more apparent. Therefore, we started the development of an enzyme data in­ formation system as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The present book" Enzyme Handbook" represents the printed version of this data bank. In future a computer searchable version will be also available. The enzymes in this Handbook are arranged according to the Enzyme Commission list of enzymes. Some 3000 "different" enzymes will be covered. Frequently enzymes with very different properties are included under the same EC number. Although we intend to give a representative overview on the characteristics and variability of each enzyme the Handbook is not a com­ pendium. The reader will have to go to the primary literature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover all the numerous literature references for each enzyme (for special enzymes up to 40000) if the data re­ presentation is to be concise as is intended.

Enzyme Handbook 9: Class 1.1: Oxidoreductases

Recent progress on enzyme immobilisation, enzyme production, coenzyme re­ generation and enzyme engineering has opened up fascinating new fields for the potential application of enzymes in a large range of different areas. As more progress in research and application of enzymes has been made the lack of an up-to-date overview of enzyme molecular properties has become more appar­ ent. Therefore, we started the development of an enzyme data information sys­ tem as part of protein-design activities at GBF. The present book "Enzyme Hand­ book" represents the printed version of this data bank. In future a computer searchable version will be also available. The enzymes in this Handbook are arranged according to the Enzyme Com­ mission list of enzymes. Some 3000 "different" enzymes will be covered. Fre­ quently enzymes with very different properties are included under the same EC number. Although we intend to give a representative overview on the char­ acteristics and variability of each enzyme the Handbook is not a compendium. The reader will have to go to the primary literature for more detailed information. Naturally it is not possible to cover all the numerous literature references tor each enzyme (for special enzymes up to 40000) if the data representation is to be concise as is intended.

Enzyme Histochemistry: A Laboratory Manual

During recent years enzyme histochemical reactions have increasingly been considered as important, the reason being that enzyme histo­ chemistry is now a well-established link between morphology and bio­ chemistry. The development of numerous new methods and in particular the improvement of existing techniques contributed to the expansion of enzyme histochemical reactions. Today, the use of these methods allows detailed insight into molecular processes of single cells and their constituents. The selection of a suitable method for enzyme histochemical investigations needs thorough knowledge and critical evaluation of the reactions de­ scribed for the histochemical demonstration of enzymes and introduced in laboratory practice. Often, it is difficult for scientists primarily concerned with the application of methods and for laboratory assistants to comment on the value of an enzyme histochemical reaction. Our book will serve as a guide in this respect. It contains the most important histochemical methods for the localization of enzymes, all of which were checked by the authors themselves. These methods were often modified and frequently used for numerous different investigations of healthy and diseased organs in basic research and in routine practice.

Enzyme Immobilization: Advances in Industry, Agriculture, Medicine, and the Environment

This book covers the latest developments in enzyme immobilization with its wide applications, such as for industry, agriculture, medicine, and the environment. Topics covered include basics of enzyme immobilization, its implication in therapeutics and disease diagnostics, and its significance in solving environmental problems. This is an ideal book for researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as scientists in industry, agriculture and health sectors. This book is a complete summary of enzyme immobilization and also thoroughly covers all the latest research.This book covers:The last one-hundred years of innovative research done in enzyme immobilizationRecent developments in immobilization techniques, such as types of matrices, immobilization methods, and linking agents, as well as enzyme immobilization without any matrices and its propertiesThe physiological and industrial significance of enzymes from plants and the implementation of immobilized enzymes in the treatment of waste water and polluted airBiomedical and bioanalytical applications of immobilized enzymes