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Logic and Theory of Algorithms: 4th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2008 Athens, Greece, June 15-20, 2008, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #5028)
by Arnold Beckmann Costas Dimitracopoulos Benedikt LöweCiE 2008: Logic and Theory of Algorithms Athens, Greece, June 15–20, 2008 Computability in Europe (CiE) is an informal network of European scientists working on computability theory, including its foundations, technical devel- ment, and applications. Among the aims of the network is to advance our t- oretical understanding of what can and cannot be computed, by any means of computation. Its scienti?c vision is broad: computations may be performed with discrete or continuous data by all kinds of algorithms, programs, and - chines. Computations may be made by experimenting with any sort of physical system obeying the laws of a physical theory such as Newtonian mechanics, quantum theory, or relativity. Computations may be very general, depending on the foundations of set theory; or very speci?c, using the combinatorics of ?nite structures. CiE also works on subjects intimately related to computation, especially theories of data and information, and methods for formal reasoning about computations. The sources of new ideas and methods include practical developments in areas such as neural networks, quantum computation, natural computation, molecular computation, computational learning. Applications are everywhere,especially, in algebra,analysisand geometry, or data types and p- gramming. Within CiE there is general recognition of the underlying relevance of computability to physics and a broad range of other sciences, providing as it does a basic analysis of the causal structure of dynamical systems. Thisvolume,Logic andTheory of Algorithms,istheproceedingsofthefourth in a series of conferences of CiE that was held at the University of Athens, June 15–20, 2008.
Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation: 12th International Workshop, LOPSTR 2002, Madrid, Spain, September 17-20, 2002, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #2664)
by M. LeuschelThe thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation, LOPSTR 2002, held in Madrid, Spain in September 2002. The 15 revised full papers presented together with 7 abstracts were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and revision from 40 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on debugging and types, tabling and constraints, abstract interpretation, program refinement, verification, partial evaluation, and rewriting and object-oriented development.
Logic, Epistemology, and Scientific Theories - From Peano to the Vienna Circle (Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook #29)
by Paola Cantù Georg SchiemerThis book provides a collection of chapters on the development of scientific philosophy and symbolic logic in the early twentieth century. The turn of the last century was a key transitional period for the development of symbolic logic and scientific philosophy. The Peano school, the editorial board of the Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, and the members of the Vienna Circle are generally mentioned as champions of this transformation of the role of logic in mathematics and in the sciences. The scholarship contained provides a rich historical and philosophical understanding of these groups and research areas. Specifically, the contributions focus on a detailed investigation of the relation between structuralism and modern mathematics. In addition, this book provides a closer understanding of the relation between symbolic logic and previous traditions such as syllogistics. This volume also informs the reader on the relation between logic, the history and didactics in the Peano School. This edition appeals to students and researchers working in the history of philosophy and of logic, philosophy of science, as well as to researchers on the Vienna Circle and the Peano School.
Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science (Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science #1)
by Shahid Rahman John Symons Dov M. Gabbay Jean Paul Van BendegemThe first volume in this new series explores, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The book offers essays from important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics from philosophy of science to epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality.
Logic for Kids: All Aboard the Therefore Train!
by Arnold CusmariuLogic for Kids is intended to help parents take charge of the intellectual development of their children in a critical area: the acquisition of skills related to logical reasoning. Many other books, including math and science books, fail to treat logic as a subject in its own right, provide no special instruction, and expect students to figure out logic on their own. Without the corrective measures explained in this book, students will be ill-prepared to cope with increasing intellectual demands as they progress from grade to grade. These demands will become greater and more varied in college and once they embark on a professional career. Getting started in logic at the earliest opportunity is the answer.
Logic for Kids: All Aboard the Therefore Train!
by Arnold CusmariuLogic for Kids is intended to help parents take charge of the intellectual development of their children in a critical area: the acquisition of skills related to logical reasoning. Many other books, including math and science books, fail to treat logic as a subject in its own right, provide no special instruction, and expect students to figure out logic on their own. Without the corrective measures explained in this book, students will be ill-prepared to cope with increasing intellectual demands as they progress from grade to grade. These demands will become greater and more varied in college and once they embark on a professional career. Getting started in logic at the earliest opportunity is the answer.
Logic, Foundations of Mathematics, and Computability Theory: Part One of the Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, London, Ontario, Canada-1975 (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science #9)
by Robert E. Butts Jaakko HintikkaThe Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science was held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 27 August to 2 September 1975. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, and was sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada and the University of Western Ontario. As those associated closely with the work of the Division over the years know well, the work undertaken by its members varies greatly and spans a number of fields not always obviously related. In addition, the volume of work done by first rate scholars and scientists in the various fields of the Division has risen enormously. For these and related reasons it seemed to the editors chosen by the Divisional officers that the usual format of publishing the proceedings of the Congress be abandoned in favour of a somewhat more flexible, and hopefully acceptable, method of pre sentation. Accordingly, the work of the invited participants to the Congress has been divided into four volumes appearing in the University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. The volumes are entitled, Logic, Foundations of Mathematics and Computability Theory, Foun dational Problems in the Special Sciences, Basic Problems in Methodol ogy and Linguistics, and Historical and Philosophical Dimensions of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
Logic gates IEC symbols (Large Print)
by Rnib BookshareThese pages show IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) symbols for a NOT gate, an AND gate, a NAND gate, an OR gate, a NOR gate, an EX-OR gate and an EX-NOR gate. This is a multi-page document with images on two pages. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up.The symbols are on the left of the page and the descriptive labels are on the right.
Logic gates IEC symbols (UEB Contracted)
by Rnib BookshareThese pages show IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) symbols for a NOT gate, an AND gate, a NAND gate, an OR gate, a NOR gate, an EX-OR gate and an EX-NOR gate. This is a multi-page document with images on two pages. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up.The symbols are on the left of the page and the descriptive labels are on the right.
Logic gates IEC symbols (UEB Uncontracted)
by Rnib BookshareThese pages show IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) symbols for a NOT gate, an AND gate, a NAND gate, an OR gate, a NOR gate, an EX-OR gate and an EX-NOR gate. This is a multi-page document with images on two pages. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up.The symbols are on the left of the page and the descriptive labels are on the right.
Logic Gates (SEB contracted)
by RnibThis image shows 5 examples (a-e) of different types of logic gates.
Logic gates traditional symbols (Large Print)
by Rnib BookshareThese pages show traditional symbols for a NOT gate, an AND gate, a NAND gate, an OR gate, a NOR gate, an EX-OR gate and an EX-NOR gate. This is a multi-page document with images on two pages. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up.The symbols are on the left of the page and the descriptive labels are on the right.
Logic gates traditional symbols (UEB Contracted)
by Rnib BookshareThese pages show traditional symbols for a NOT gate, an AND gate, a NAND gate, an OR gate, a NOR gate, an EX-OR gate and an EX-NOR gate. This is a multi-page document with images on two pages. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up.The symbols are on the left of the page and the descriptive labels are on the right.
Logic gates traditional symbols (UEB Uncontracted)
by Rnib BookshareThese pages show traditional symbols for a NOT gate, an AND gate, a NAND gate, an OR gate, a NOR gate, an EX-OR gate and an EX-NOR gate. This is a multi-page document with images on two pages. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up.The symbols are on the left of the page and the descriptive labels are on the right.
Logic in Reality
by JOSEPH BRENNERThis book is both dif?cult and rewarding, affording a new perspective on logic and reality, basically seen in terms of change and stability, being and becoming. Most importantly it exemplifies a mode of doing philosophy of science that seems a welcome departure from the traditional focus on purely analytic arguments. The author approaches ontology, metaphysics, and logic as having offered a number of ways of constructing the description of reality, and aims at deepening their relationships in a new way. Going beyond the mere abstract and formal aspects of logical analysis, he offers a new architecture of logic that sees it as applied not only to the “reasoning processes” belonging to the first disciplinary group – ontology – but also directly concerned with en- ties, events, and phenomena studied by the second one – metaphysics. It is the task of the book to elaborate such a constructive logic, both by offering a lo- cal view of the structure of the reality in general and by proffering a wealth of models able to encompass its implications for science. In turning from the merely formal to the constructive account of logic Brenner overcomes the limitation of logic to linguistic concepts so that it can be not only a logic “of” reality but also “in” that reality which is constitutively characterized by a number of fundamental dualities (observer and observed, self and not-self, internal and external, etc.
Logic, Language, and Probability: A Selection of Papers Contributed to Sections IV, VI, and XI of the Fourth International Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Bucharest, September 1971 (Synthese Library #51)
by Radu J. Bogdan and Ilkka NiiniluotoThe Fourth International Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philos ophy of Science was held in Bucharest, Romania, on August 29-September 4, 1971. The Congress was organized, under the auspices of the Inter national Union for History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, by the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, the Academy of Social and Political Sciences of the Socialist Republic of Romania, and the Ministry of Education of Romania. With more than eight hundred participating scholars from thirty-four countries, the Congress was one of the major scientific events of the year 1971. The dedicated efforts of the organizers, the rich and carefully planned program, and the warm and friendly atmosphere contributed to making the Congress a successful and fruitful forum of exchange of scientific ideas. The work of the Congress consisted of invited one hour and half-hour addresses, symposia, and contributed papers. The proceedings were organized into twelve sections of Mathematical Logic, Foundations of Mathematical Theories, Automata and Programming Languages, Philos ophy of Logic and Mathematics, General Problems of Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Foundations of Probability and Induction, Methodology and Philosophy of Physical Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Biological Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Psychological Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Historical and Social Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Linguistics, and History of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
Logic, Mathematics, Philosophy, Vintage Enthusiasms: Essays in Honour of John L. Bell (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science #75)
by David DeVidi, Michael Hallett and Peter ClarkeThe volume includes twenty-five research papers presented as gifts to John L. Bell to celebrate his 60th birthday by colleagues, former students, friends and admirers. Like Bell’s own work, the contributions cross boundaries into several inter-related fields. The contributions are new work by highly respected figures, several of whom are among the key figures in their fields. Some examples: in foundations of maths and logic (William Lawvere, Peter Aczel, Graham Priest, Giovanni Sambin); analytical philosophy (Michael Dummett, William Demopoulos), philosophy of science (Michael Redhead, Frank Arntzenius), philosophy of mathematics (Michael Hallett, John Mayberry, Daniel Isaacson) and decision theory and foundations of economics (Ken Bimore). Most articles are contributions to current philosophical debates, but contributions also include some new mathematical results, important historical surveys, and a translation by Wilfrid Hodges of a key work of arabic logic.
The Logic of Biochemical Sequencing
by D. BlackmanThe Logic of Biochemical Sequencing examines how to determine the primary structures of proteins and DNA and use them to stimulate the process of logical problem-solving. It concentrates on sequencing work and stresses the thought processes needed to make sense of what might otherwise be indecipherable data. The book also introduces "biocryptography," which serves as a basis for four short stories that use the results of sequence determinations to provide clues to higher order problems. Problems in the book range from elementary to difficult, and solutions to all problems are provided, many of them completely worked out. The book is an excellent supplementary text for students in a full-year biochemistry course, as well as for biochemists and molecular biologists.
The Logic of Biochemical Sequencing
by D. BlackmanThe Logic of Biochemical Sequencing examines how to determine the primary structures of proteins and DNA and use them to stimulate the process of logical problem-solving. It concentrates on sequencing work and stresses the thought processes needed to make sense of what might otherwise be indecipherable data. The book also introduces "biocryptography," which serves as a basis for four short stories that use the results of sequence determinations to provide clues to higher order problems. Problems in the book range from elementary to difficult, and solutions to all problems are provided, many of them completely worked out. The book is an excellent supplementary text for students in a full-year biochemistry course, as well as for biochemists and molecular biologists.
The Logic of Discovery: A Theory of the Rationality of Scientific Research (Synthese Library #231)
by S. KleinerScientific research is viewed as a deliberate activity and the logic of discovery consists of strategies and arguments whereby the best objectives (questions) and optimal means for achieving these objectives (heuristics) are chosen. This book includes a discussion and some proposals regarding the way the logic of questions can be applied to understanding scientific research and draws upon work in artificial intelligence in a discussion of heuristics and methods for appraising heuristics (metaheuristics). It also includes a discussion of a third source for scientific objectives and heuristics; episodes and examplars from the history of science and the history of philosophy. This book is written to be accessible to advanced students in philosophy and to the scientific community. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of biology, historians of physics, and historians of biology.
The Logic of Environmentalism: Anthropology, Ecology and Postcoloniality (Environmental Anthropology and Ethnobiology #1)
by Vassos ArgyrouAlthough modernity’s understanding of nature and culture has now been superseded by that of environmentalism, the power to define the meaning of both, and hence the meaning of the world itself, remains in the same (Western) hands. This bold argument is at the center of this provocative book that challenges the widespread assumption that environmentalism reflects a radical departure from modernity. Our perception of nature may have changed, the author maintains, but environmentalism remains a thoroughly modernist project. It reproduces the cultural logic of modernity, a logic that finds meaning in unity and therefore strives to efface difference, and to reconfirm the position of the West as the source of all legitimate signification.
The Logic of Life: A History of Heredity (Princeton Science Library #129)
by François Jacob“The most remarkable history of biology that has ever been written.”—Michel FoucaultNobel Prize–winning scientist François Jacob’s The Logic of Life is a landmark book in the history of biology and science. Focusing on heredity, which Jacob considers the fundamental feature of living things, he shows how, since the sixteenth century, the scientific understanding of inherited traits has moved not in a linear, progressive way, from error to truth, but instead through a series of frameworks. He reveals how these successive interpretive approaches—focusing on visible structures, internal structures (especially cells), evolution, genes, and DNA and other molecules—each have their own power but also limitations. Fundamentally challenging how the history of biology is told, much as Thomas Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions did for the history of science as a whole, The Logic of Life has greatly influenced the way scientists and historians view the past, present, and future of biology.
The Logic of Life: A History of Heredity (Princeton Science Library #129)
by François Jacob“The most remarkable history of biology that has ever been written.”—Michel FoucaultNobel Prize–winning scientist François Jacob’s The Logic of Life is a landmark book in the history of biology and science. Focusing on heredity, which Jacob considers the fundamental feature of living things, he shows how, since the sixteenth century, the scientific understanding of inherited traits has moved not in a linear, progressive way, from error to truth, but instead through a series of frameworks. He reveals how these successive interpretive approaches—focusing on visible structures, internal structures (especially cells), evolution, genes, and DNA and other molecules—each have their own power but also limitations. Fundamentally challenging how the history of biology is told, much as Thomas Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions did for the history of science as a whole, The Logic of Life has greatly influenced the way scientists and historians view the past, present, and future of biology.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Routledge Classics)
by Karl PopperDescribed by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery: 14th Printing (Routledge Classics)
by Karl PopperDescribed by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.