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Chisungu: A Girl's Initiation Ceremony Among the Bemba of Zambia (Routledge Classics)

Audrey Richards (1899-1984) was a leading British anthropologist of the twentieth century and the first woman president of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Based on fieldwork conducted at a time when the discipline was dominated by male anthropologists, Chisungu: A Girl’s Initiation Ceremony Among the Bemba of Zambia is widely hailed as a classic of anthropology and African and gender studies. Underpinned by painstaking research carried out by Richards among the Bemba people in northern Zambia in the 1930s, Chisungu focuses on the initiation ceremonies for young Bemba girls. Pioneering the study of women’s rituals and challenging the prevailing theory that rites of passage served merely to transfer individuals from one status to another, Richards writes about the incredibly rich and diverse aspects of ritual that characterised Chisungu: its concern with matriliny; deference to elders; sex and reproduction; the birth of children; ideas about the continuity between past, present and future; and the centrality of emotional conflict. On a deeper level, Chisungu is a crucial work for the role it accords to the meaning of symbolism in explaining the structure of society, paving the way for much subsequent understanding of the role of symbolic meaning and kinship. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new foreword by Jessica Johnson and an introduction by Jean La Fontaine.

The Chobanids of Kastamonu: Politics, Patronage and Religion in Thirteenth-Century Anatolia (Routledge Studies in the History of Iran and Turkey)

This book provides a novel approach to the history of medieval Anatolia by analysing political, religious and cultural developments in the region of Kastamonu during the reign of the Chobanid dynasty (c. 1211–1309).During the 13th century, the Chobanids consolidated a local dynasty in western Anatolia – a borderland between Islam and Christianity – becoming cultural actors patronising the production of religious, scientific and administrative works in the Persian language. These works, though surviving today in manuscript form, have received little attention in modern historiography. The book therefore attends to this gap in the research, incorporating a detailed study of texts by little-known authors from the time. The book explores the relationship between Islam and the Chobanid dynasty in the context of the wider process of Islamisation in medieval Anatolia, hypothesising that Turkmen dynasties played a fundamental role in this process of Islamisation and acculturation. The Chobanids of Kastamonu, then, offers an in-depth study of a Turkmen local dynasty that achieved political autonomy, financial independence and cultural patronage in medieval Anatolia vis-à-vis the main political powers of the time.Attentive to religious diversity, state formation and processes of transculturation in medieval Anatolia, the book is key reading for scholars of Middle Eastern history and Islamic studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 license.

The Chobanids of Kastamonu: Politics, Patronage and Religion in Thirteenth-Century Anatolia (Routledge Studies in the History of Iran and Turkey)

This book provides a novel approach to the history of medieval Anatolia by analysing political, religious and cultural developments in the region of Kastamonu during the reign of the Chobanid dynasty (c. 1211–1309).During the 13th century, the Chobanids consolidated a local dynasty in western Anatolia – a borderland between Islam and Christianity – becoming cultural actors patronising the production of religious, scientific and administrative works in the Persian language. These works, though surviving today in manuscript form, have received little attention in modern historiography. The book therefore attends to this gap in the research, incorporating a detailed study of texts by little-known authors from the time. The book explores the relationship between Islam and the Chobanid dynasty in the context of the wider process of Islamisation in medieval Anatolia, hypothesising that Turkmen dynasties played a fundamental role in this process of Islamisation and acculturation. The Chobanids of Kastamonu, then, offers an in-depth study of a Turkmen local dynasty that achieved political autonomy, financial independence and cultural patronage in medieval Anatolia vis-à-vis the main political powers of the time.Attentive to religious diversity, state formation and processes of transculturation in medieval Anatolia, the book is key reading for scholars of Middle Eastern history and Islamic studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 license.

Chocolate: A Cultural Encyclopedia

Chocolate is nearly always with us—when celebrating or mourning, in love or alone, healthy or sick, happy or sad. This book offers a comprehensive look at how an exotic food grew to play such a central role in our lives.No food in the world can offer as storied a history as chocolate. Chocolate: A Cultural Encyclopedia focuses on cocoa's history from ancient Mesoamerican beginnings as a symbol of ritual, life, and death, to its omnipresence in Europe, North America, and the rest of the world. In 10 thematic chapters covering chocolate in society and culture, 80 shorter entries, recipes, and a comprehensive timeline, this new book takes a closer look at how chocolate has served as a medicine, an indulgence, a symbol of decadence, a door to romance, a tempting taboo, a means of survival, and a snack for children and adults alike.Why did popes and kings so fear their chocolate? Who invented milk chocolate, and why was its formula kept secret? Why did soldiers in World War II despise their chocolate rations? Who makes the most chocolate today? Find out the answers to these questions and more as this book tells you everything you wanted to know—and a lot you didn't even know existed—about the seed from the world&’s favorite fruit tree.

Chocolate: A Cultural Encyclopedia

Chocolate is nearly always with us—when celebrating or mourning, in love or alone, healthy or sick, happy or sad. This book offers a comprehensive look at how an exotic food grew to play such a central role in our lives.No food in the world can offer as storied a history as chocolate. Chocolate: A Cultural Encyclopedia focuses on cocoa's history from ancient Mesoamerican beginnings as a symbol of ritual, life, and death, to its omnipresence in Europe, North America, and the rest of the world. In 10 thematic chapters covering chocolate in society and culture, 80 shorter entries, recipes, and a comprehensive timeline, this new book takes a closer look at how chocolate has served as a medicine, an indulgence, a symbol of decadence, a door to romance, a tempting taboo, a means of survival, and a snack for children and adults alike.Why did popes and kings so fear their chocolate? Who invented milk chocolate, and why was its formula kept secret? Why did soldiers in World War II despise their chocolate rations? Who makes the most chocolate today? Find out the answers to these questions and more as this book tells you everything you wanted to know—and a lot you didn't even know existed—about the seed from the world&’s favorite fruit tree.

Chocolate: Food of the Gods (Contributions in Intercultural and Comparative Studies)

Chocolate has been one of mankind's obsessions for centuries. The history of cacao and chocolate-making leads from Mexico to Spain and then France, Austria, Switzerland, and Belgium, while its consumption is universal. This collection examines chocolate's history as well as its use in literature, art, music, and folklore, as a subject for psychology and childrearing, and as an important product for business. In addition, recipes for novel and tasty uses of chocolate are provided. While chocolate may be seen as food of the gods, it is consumed around the world by all ages and classes. This is an intriguing book for scholars in many fields and for those interested in the history of food and their favorite sweet.

Chocolate City: A History of Race and Democracy in the Nation's Capital

Monumental in scope and vividly detailed, Chocolate City tells the tumultuous, four-century story of race and democracy in our nation's capital. Emblematic of the ongoing tensions between America's expansive democratic promises and its enduring racial realities, Washington often has served as a national battleground for contentious issues, including slavery, segregation, civil rights, the drug war, and gentrification. But D.C. is more than just a seat of government, and authors Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove also highlight the city's rich history of local activism as Washingtonians of all races have struggled to make their voices heard in an undemocratic city where residents lack full political rights.Tracing D.C.'s massive transformations--from a sparsely inhabited plantation society into a diverse metropolis, from a center of the slave trade to the nation's first black-majority city, from "Chocolate City" to "Latte City--Asch and Musgrove offer an engaging narrative peppered with unforgettable characters, a history of deep racial division but also one of hope, resilience, and interracial cooperation.

Chocolate City: A History of Race and Democracy in the Nation's Capital

Monumental in scope and vividly detailed, Chocolate City tells the tumultuous, four-century story of race and democracy in our nation's capital. Emblematic of the ongoing tensions between America's expansive democratic promises and its enduring racial realities, Washington often has served as a national battleground for contentious issues, including slavery, segregation, civil rights, the drug war, and gentrification. But D.C. is more than just a seat of government, and authors Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove also highlight the city's rich history of local activism as Washingtonians of all races have struggled to make their voices heard in an undemocratic city where residents lack full political rights.Tracing D.C.'s massive transformations--from a sparsely inhabited plantation society into a diverse metropolis, from a center of the slave trade to the nation's first black-majority city, from "Chocolate City" to "Latte City--Asch and Musgrove offer an engaging narrative peppered with unforgettable characters, a history of deep racial division but also one of hope, resilience, and interracial cooperation.

Chocolate Fads, Folklore & Fantasies: 1,000+ Chunks of Chocolate Information

Chocolate Fads, Folklore & Fantasies is the low-cal answer to satisfying chocolate cravings. Documenting the chocolate phenomenon by means of 1,000+ chocolate chunks of information, this tempting book discusses: Chocolate Fads: chocolate books, chocolate goodies (cakes, candy, cookies, ice cream), chocolate clubs, chocolate festivals, chocolate fund-raising, chocolate marketing, chocolate media, and chocolate novelties Chocolate Folklore: chocolate companies, chocolate history, chocolate nutrition, chocolate moguls, chocolate quotes, chocolate tips, chocolate trivia, and chocolate types Chocolate Fantasies: chocoholism, chocolate feasts, chocolate love, chocolate parties, chocolate promotions, and chocolate psychology. At the end of the book is a 200-item Chocoquiz, in the style of Trivial Pursuit, so that readers can use the book as a reference source to know everything there is to know about chocolate.Reference sections include acknowledgments to chocolate manufacturers, chocolate-related companies, a listing of chocolate publications (media articles, children's books, chocolate guides, cookbooks, chocolate humor, and chocolate specialities), and an impressive list of addresses and telephone numbers for more than 100 chocolate and chocolate-related companies. All chocoholics, out of the closet or not, will want to read this book. Chocolate Fads, Folklore & Fantasies promises to be the last word in chocolate, no fudging!

Chocolate Fads, Folklore & Fantasies: 1,000+ Chunks of Chocolate Information

Chocolate Fads, Folklore & Fantasies is the low-cal answer to satisfying chocolate cravings. Documenting the chocolate phenomenon by means of 1,000+ chocolate chunks of information, this tempting book discusses: Chocolate Fads: chocolate books, chocolate goodies (cakes, candy, cookies, ice cream), chocolate clubs, chocolate festivals, chocolate fund-raising, chocolate marketing, chocolate media, and chocolate novelties Chocolate Folklore: chocolate companies, chocolate history, chocolate nutrition, chocolate moguls, chocolate quotes, chocolate tips, chocolate trivia, and chocolate types Chocolate Fantasies: chocoholism, chocolate feasts, chocolate love, chocolate parties, chocolate promotions, and chocolate psychology. At the end of the book is a 200-item Chocoquiz, in the style of Trivial Pursuit, so that readers can use the book as a reference source to know everything there is to know about chocolate.Reference sections include acknowledgments to chocolate manufacturers, chocolate-related companies, a listing of chocolate publications (media articles, children's books, chocolate guides, cookbooks, chocolate humor, and chocolate specialities), and an impressive list of addresses and telephone numbers for more than 100 chocolate and chocolate-related companies. All chocoholics, out of the closet or not, will want to read this book. Chocolate Fads, Folklore & Fantasies promises to be the last word in chocolate, no fudging!

Chocolate Nations: Living and Dying for Cocoa in West Africa (African Arguments)

Chocolate - the very word conjures up a hint of the forbidden and a taste of the decadent. Yet the story behind the chocolate bar is rarely one of luxury.From the thousands of children who work on plantations to the smallholders who harvest the beans, Chocolate Nations reveals the hard economic realities of our favourite sweet. This vivid and gripping exploration of the reasons behind farmer poverty includes the human stories of the producers and traders at the heart of the West African industry. Orla Ryan shows that only a tiny fraction of the cash we pay for a chocolate bar actually makes it back to the farmers, and sheds light on what Fair Trade really means on the ground.Provocative and eye-opening, Chocolate Nations exposes the true story of how the treat we love makes it on to our supermarket shelves.

Chocolate Nations: Living and Dying for Cocoa in West Africa (African Arguments)

Chocolate - the very word conjures up a hint of the forbidden and a taste of the decadent. Yet the story behind the chocolate bar is rarely one of luxury.From the thousands of children who work on plantations to the smallholders who harvest the beans, Chocolate Nations reveals the hard economic realities of our favourite sweet. This vivid and gripping exploration of the reasons behind farmer poverty includes the human stories of the producers and traders at the heart of the West African industry. Orla Ryan shows that only a tiny fraction of the cash we pay for a chocolate bar actually makes it back to the farmers, and sheds light on what Fair Trade really means on the ground.Provocative and eye-opening, Chocolate Nations exposes the true story of how the treat we love makes it on to our supermarket shelves.

Chocolate, Politics and Peace-Building: An Ethnography of the Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, Colombia

This book tells the story of the Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, an emblematic grassroots social movement of peasant farmers, who unusually declared themselves ‘neutral’ to Colombia’s internal armed conflict, in the north-west region of Urabá. It reveals two core narratives in the Community’s collective identity, which Burnyeat calls the ‘radical’ and the ‘organic’ narratives. These refer to the historically-constituted interpretative frameworks according to which they perceive respectively the Colombian state, and their relationship with their natural and social environments. Together, these two narratives form an ‘Alternative Community’ collective identity, comprising a distinctive conception of grassroots peace-building. This study, centered on the Community’s socio-economic cacao-farming project, offers an innovative way of approaching victims’ organizations and social movements through critical, post-modern politics and anthropology. It will become essential reading to Latin American ethnographers and historians, and all interested in conflict resolution and transitional justice.

Chocolate, Politics and Peace-Building: An Ethnography of the Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, Colombia

This book tells the story of the Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, an emblematic grassroots social movement of peasant farmers, who unusually declared themselves ‘neutral’ to Colombia’s internal armed conflict, in the north-west region of Urabá. It reveals two core narratives in the Community’s collective identity, which Burnyeat calls the ‘radical’ and the ‘organic’ narratives. These refer to the historically-constituted interpretative frameworks according to which they perceive respectively the Colombian state, and their relationship with their natural and social environments. Together, these two narratives form an ‘Alternative Community’ collective identity, comprising a distinctive conception of grassroots peace-building. This study, centered on the Community’s socio-economic cacao-farming project, offers an innovative way of approaching victims’ organizations and social movements through critical, post-modern politics and anthropology. It will become essential reading to Latin American ethnographers and historians, and all interested in conflict resolution and transitional justice.

Chocolate Wars: From Cadbury To Kraft: 200 Years Of Sweet Success And Bitter Rivalry

The delicious true story of the early chocolate pioneers by the award-winning writer, and direct descendant of the famous chocolate dynasty, Deborah Cadbury

Chocolate Woman Dreams the Milky Way: Mapping Embodied Indigenous Performance (Theater: Theory/Text/Performance)

This volume documents the creation of Chocolate Woman Dreams the Milky Way, a play written and performed by Monique Mojica with collaborators from diverse disciplines. Inspired by the pictographic writing and mola textiles of the Guna, an indigenous people of Panama and Colombia, the book explores Mojica’s unique approach to the performance process. Her method activates an Indigenous theatrical process that privileges the body in contrast to Western theater’s privileging of the written text, and rethinks the role of land, body, and movement, as well as dramatic story-structure and performance style. Co-authored with anthropologist Brenda Farnell, the book challenges the divide between artist and scholar, and addresses the many levels of cultural, disciplinary, and linguistic translations required to achieve this. Placing the complex intellect inherent to Indigenous Knowledges at its center, the book engages Indigenous performance theory, and concepts that link body, land, and story, such as terra nullius/corpus nullius, mapping, pattern literacy, land literacy, and movement literacy. Enhanced by contributions from other artists and scholars, the book challenges Eurocentric ideologies about what counts as “performance” and what is required from an “audience,” as well as long-standing body-mind dualisms.

Chocolate, women and empire: A social and cultural history (Studies in Imperialism #80)

From Charlie and the Chocolate Factory to Chocolat, from romantic gift to guilty indulgence, chocolate has a special place in Western popular culture. But what are the hidden histories behind this luxurious commodity? This book examines chocolate production from cocoa bean to chocolate box, illuminating the dynamics of gender, race and empire which have structured the cocoa chain. Using a varied range of sources, and drawing on the author’s own relationship to the industry, this book reconnects the people and places at different stages of chocolate production. Emma Robertson stresses the need to recognise the complex histories of empire and labour which have made such pleasurable consumption possible. Chocolate, women and empire offers exciting new insights into the lives of women workers in a global industry. It will be invaluable to historians of British imperialism as well as to students of Women’s and Gender Studies, Cultural Studies and Business Studies.

Choctaw Confederates: The American Civil War in Indian Country

When the Choctaw Nation was forcibly resettled in Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma in the 1830s, it was joined by enslaved Black people—the tribe had owned enslaved Blacks since the 1720s. By the eve of the Civil War, 14 percent of the Choctaw Nation consisted of enslaved Blacks. Avid supporters of the Confederate States of America, the Nation passed a measure requiring all whites living in its territory to swear allegiance to the Confederacy and deemed any criticism of it or its army treasonous and punishable by death. Choctaws also raised an infantry force and a cavalry to fight alongside Confederate forces.In Choctaw Confederates, Fay A. Yarbrough reveals that, while sovereignty and states' rights mattered to Choctaw leaders, the survival of slavery also determined the Nation's support of the Confederacy. Mining service records for approximately 3,000 members of the First Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, Yarbrough examines the experiences of Choctaw soldiers and notes that although their enthusiasm waned as the war persisted, military service allowed them to embrace traditional masculine roles that were disappearing in a changing political and economic landscape. By drawing parallels between the Choctaw Nation and the Confederate states, Yarbrough looks beyond the traditional binary of the Union and Confederacy and reconsiders the historical relationship between Native populations and slavery.

The Choice: The Abortion Divide in America

For fifty years the abortion debate has remained stagnant, trapped in sterile categories and familiar rhetoric. Each side thinks they know what the other has to say, so they don't listen. Consequently, they have become deaf to each other's pleas.Danielle D'Souza Gill, in a pathbreaking new book, blows the lid off the abortion debate, which is radically different than it was when the Supreme Court issued its landmark ruling of Roe v. Wade in 1973. Technology has transformed the landscape and allowed people to see development in the womb. Ultrasound has rendered many old assumptions about abortion obsolete.The Democratic Left has become radicalized on abortion. It is no longer a necessary evil, but a positive good. Consequently, the Left has legitimized a form of mass killing in this country that dwarfs the deaths caused by cancer, smoking, homicide, terrorism, and war.Writing with freshness, intelligence, and insight, Danielle explores the contours of the debate, taking into account new ideas, new technology, and new laws and putting forth a new vision for a life-affirming society.In Socratic style, Danielle builds her case in response to the strongest contentions of the pro-choice camp. She engages their most powerful arguments head-on, carefully examines them, and then dismantles them. The result is a pro-life argument so persuasive that it will reach into the heart of the most hardened opponent.While it is a heartbreaking book, it is in the end inspiring. No matter what you believe about abortion, this book will educate, astonish, and deeply move you. It may move you to a position different from what you now hold.If you read one book about abortion, make it this one, The Choice: The Abortion Divide in America.

The Choice: A Gripping And Addictive Crime Thriller

Jane Bell is a murderer. At 4.55pm on 15th January, Jane Bell hit a man with her car, killing him instantly. With witnesses, CCTV footage and a signed confession, her guilt is never in doubt.Jane Bell is a hero. But she doesn't feel guilty. Because James Foster was about to blow up a primary school. He was planning on killing hundreds of children. He was going to kill her children.What would you have done? Readers love The Choice! 'Absolutely phenomenal... Fantastically written... Great characters, great details and a great ending!' Goodreads Reviewer, ?????'Wow, this book had me gripped from start to finish. As a mother myself I felt for Jane. Liked how the story was told from several of the characters' perspectives and had a few surprises that I wasn't expecting. Look forward to reading more from this author in the future' NetGalley Reviewer, ?????'It took me a while to write this review as I am speechless as how the book made me feel. It gripped me from the very first page... I felt a lot of emotions in this book... A powerful read. I thoroughly enjoyed it' Goodreads Reviewer, ?????'What an absolute page turner of a book. This is an utterly fantastic read. Is murder ever right????... Even to save a school full of children??... A fabulous book that I would highly recommend... It kept me going until the last page. Definitely a 5-star read' NetGalley Reviewer, ?????'Such an emotionally challenging story! Being a parent this challenged every bone of my morel fibre. I am Team Jane all the way!' NetGalley Reviewer, ?????'A dramatic suspense thriller... The choice she made for herself was terrifying for oneself but I found myself rooting for her and found it a enjoyable read' Goodreads Reviewer, ?????'What a brilliant, thought-provoking book. Book clubs will have a lot to talk about after reading this!... This book throws up so many questions and has you placing yourself into the protagonists' shoes like no other book I have ever read... Powerfully captivating, from beginning to end and one that you will never forget!' Inked Book Reviews, ?????'What a read... Well written keeping the reading gripped until the very end... An original story with great characters depth and a real life plot... Read it!!' NetGalley Reviewer, ?????'I was so invested in this dramatic thriller that I finished it over the course of a single night! The choice that the protagonist has to make is truly a terrifying one, but you can't help but root for her!' NetGalley Reviewer, ?????'Loved it, it really made you think about what you would do in the same situation, I thought the characters were very well drawn and when the story took an unexpected turn I wasn't sure what the final outcome would be. I will be recommending this book to everyone I know' NetGalley Reviewer, ?????'Truly wonderful and different... I was hooked till the last page. A first novel for this author, I can't wait for the next one' NetGalley Reviewer, ?????

The Choice

When Dublin footballer Philly McMahon lost his older brother John in 2012, it brought to an end a painful decade, during which John had slipped from the family circle into a deteriorating cycle of addiction. The effects were personally devastating, but amidst the loss there was a glimmer of hope, of opportunity, and what ultimately became the starting point for a journey of remarkable self-discovery.In this profound and inspirational memoir, McMahon traces his and John’s paths, from his earliest recollections of their childhood through the maelstrom of Ballymun’s heroin epidemic. He considers the relationships, tensions, arguments and chance occurrences that pushed them in very different directions: Philly to university, the boardroom and the hallowed turf of Croke Park; John to exile in London, heartbreak and, ultimately, tragedy.Raw, vivid and intensely moving, The Choice is many things – an epic story of triumph in the face of adversity and loss, a family saga, a tribute to the redemptive power of sport – but above all it’s a stirring meditation on the roles compassion and resilience can play in shaping our lives, and those around us, for the better.

Choice and Change: Essays in Honour of Lucy Mair (LSE Monographs on Social Anthropology)

This volume in honour of Professor Mair reflects the range of her interests, and those of the Department in which she taught, in many areas of social anthropology, for it reports on research in Africa, Asia and the Mediterranean, on the tensions between tradition and modernity, between the individual and society, deviance and conformity, stability and conflict. The ambiguities of social change and the choices thus presented to individuals are examined in all the essays and issues of modem politics and development dominate most of them.

Choice and Change: Essays in Honour of Lucy Mair (LSE Monographs on Social Anthropology)

This volume in honour of Professor Mair reflects the range of her interests, and those of the Department in which she taught, in many areas of social anthropology, for it reports on research in Africa, Asia and the Mediterranean, on the tensions between tradition and modernity, between the individual and society, deviance and conformity, stability and conflict. The ambiguities of social change and the choices thus presented to individuals are examined in all the essays and issues of modem politics and development dominate most of them.

A Choice Collection of Important Books on European History: From the Stock of Martinus Nijhoff Bookseller

Choice, Preference, and Disability: Promoting Self-Determination Across the Lifespan (Positive Psychology and Disability Series)

This book examines choice and preference in the lives of people with disability, focusing on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It provides an overview of choice and examines foundational concepts related to choice and preference, including self-determination and supported decision making. Chapters examine a range of critical service and policy issues, such as guardianship, individualized funding, the health care system, and the situation regarding choices for people with disability in international contexts. In addition, chapters explore issues ranging from the development of preference and choice in childhood to choices in older age and end of life matters. It provides in-depth analysis of particular choices faced at different points across the lifespan. The book concludes with implications for policy and practice. Topics featured in this book include:Supported decision making for adults with intellectual disabilities or acquired brain injury.The role of parents and families in the development of choice-making skills.Preference assessments for individuals who cannot tell us what they prefer.Employment opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities.Sexual and reproductive rights for people with intellectual disabilities.Disability and the choice to become a parent. Choice, Preference, and Disability is an essential resource for researchers, professors, clinicians, therapists, and other professionals as well as graduate students in the fields of developmental and positive psychology, rehabilitation, social work, special education, occupational, speech and language therapy, public health, and healthcare policy.