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Cybercrime and Society
by Majid Yar Dr. Kevin F. SteinmetzThe Third Edition of Cybercrime and Society provides readers with expert analysis on the most important cybercrime issues affecting modern society. The book has undergone extensive updates and expands on the topics addressed in the 2013 edition, with updated analysis and contemporary case studies on subjects such as: computer hacking, cyberterrorism, hate speech, internet pornography, child sex abuse, and policing the internet. New author Kevin Steinmetz brings further expertise to the book, including an in-depth insight into computer hacking. The third edition also includes two new chapters: “Researching and Theorizing Cybercrime” explains how criminological theories have been applied to various cybercrime issues, and also highlights the challenges facing the academic study of cybercrime. “Looking toward the Future of Cybercrime” examines the implications for future cybercrimes, including biological implants, cloud-computing, state-sponsored hacking and propaganda, and the effects online regulation would have on civil liberties. The book is supported by online resources for lecturers and students, including: Lecturer slides, Multiple-choice questions, web links, Podcasts, and exclusive SAGE Videos. Suitable reading for undergraduates and postgraduates studying cybercrime and cybersecurity.
Cybercrime and Society
by Majid Yar Kevin F. SteinmetzExtensively updated and expanded to reflect the evolving landscape of online crime, this fourth edition of Cybercrime and Society is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this complex and fascinating topic. But just what are cybercrimes? And who are the cybercriminals? You will learn how the internet and communication technologies present new challenges to individual and collective safety, social order and stability, economic prosperity and political liberty. From hacktivism and digital disobedience to online harassment and sexual exploitation, Cybercrime and Society is the definitive book for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying modules in cybercrime and cybersecurity. The fourth edition covers new and contemporary issues such as AI and preventative approaches to counter cybercrimes and also includes two new chapters: • Online Falsehoods provides coverage of fake news, disinformation, and conspiracies, each of which have rapidly become a major online problem with significant consequences • Illegal Goods and Illicit Markets combines discussion of issues such as the trade in prohibited goods online and via crypto-markets with discussion of piracy and copyright crime In addition to the extensive updating and expansion of the topics covered in the 2019 edition, all kinds of new developments are introduced and assessed. New case studies and examples are presented, and the international scope and coverage of the book has been further expanded, with treatment of the Canadian and Australian contexts being given greater consideration. Majid Yar is Professor Emeritus of Criminology at Lancaster University. Kevin F. Steinmetz is a Professor of Criminology at Kansas State University.
Cybercrime and Society
by Majid Yar Kevin F. SteinmetzExtensively updated and expanded to reflect the evolving landscape of online crime, this fourth edition of Cybercrime and Society is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this complex and fascinating topic. But just what are cybercrimes? And who are the cybercriminals? You will learn how the internet and communication technologies present new challenges to individual and collective safety, social order and stability, economic prosperity and political liberty. From hacktivism and digital disobedience to online harassment and sexual exploitation, Cybercrime and Society is the definitive book for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying modules in cybercrime and cybersecurity. The fourth edition covers new and contemporary issues such as AI and preventative approaches to counter cybercrimes and also includes two new chapters: • Online Falsehoods provides coverage of fake news, disinformation, and conspiracies, each of which have rapidly become a major online problem with significant consequences • Illegal Goods and Illicit Markets combines discussion of issues such as the trade in prohibited goods online and via crypto-markets with discussion of piracy and copyright crime In addition to the extensive updating and expansion of the topics covered in the 2019 edition, all kinds of new developments are introduced and assessed. New case studies and examples are presented, and the international scope and coverage of the book has been further expanded, with treatment of the Canadian and Australian contexts being given greater consideration. Majid Yar is Professor Emeritus of Criminology at Lancaster University. Kevin F. Steinmetz is a Professor of Criminology at Kansas State University.
Cybercrime and Society
by Majid Yar Kevin F. SteinmetzExtensively updated and expanded to reflect the evolving landscape of online crime, this fourth edition of Cybercrime and Society is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this complex and fascinating topic. But just what are cybercrimes? And who are the cybercriminals? You will learn how the internet and communication technologies present new challenges to individual and collective safety, social order and stability, economic prosperity and political liberty. From hacktivism and digital disobedience to online harassment and sexual exploitation, Cybercrime and Society is the definitive book for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying modules in cybercrime and cybersecurity. The fourth edition covers new and contemporary issues such as AI and preventative approaches to counter cybercrimes and also includes two new chapters: • Online Falsehoods provides coverage of fake news, disinformation, and conspiracies, each of which have rapidly become a major online problem with significant consequences • Illegal Goods and Illicit Markets combines discussion of issues such as the trade in prohibited goods online and via crypto-markets with discussion of piracy and copyright crime In addition to the extensive updating and expansion of the topics covered in the 2019 edition, all kinds of new developments are introduced and assessed. New case studies and examples are presented, and the international scope and coverage of the book has been further expanded, with treatment of the Canadian and Australian contexts being given greater consideration. Majid Yar is Professor Emeritus of Criminology at Lancaster University. Kevin F. Steinmetz is a Professor of Criminology at Kansas State University.
Cybercrime and Society (PDF)
by Dr Majid Yar`Criminology has been rather slow to recognise the importance of cyberspace in changing the nature and scope of offending and victimisation, and a comprehensive introductory textbook on cybercrime and its social implications is long overdue. One of the many strengths of Majid Yar's book is that it avoids 'techy' jargon and unites criminological and sociological perspectives in discussions of cybercrime, cyber-deviance and cyber-freedoms. Yar successfully de-mystifies a subject that causes many criminologists to feel out of their depth (or at least their comfort zone). Cybercrime & Society should be the first point of reference for any student of new media and crime' - Dr Yvonne Jewkes, Reader in Criminology, The Open University `An engaging book full of lively discussion and careful explanation of the issues. Majid Yar manages to achieve the seemingly impossible task of balancing theory with action. I shall certainly recommend it to my own cybercrime students' -Professor David S. Wall, Head of University of Leeds Law School, Professor of Criminal Justice and Information Technology Cybercrime and Society provides a clear, systematic, critical introduction to current debates about cybercrime. It locates the phenomenon in the wider contexts of social, political, cultural and economic change. It is the first book to draw upon perspectives spanning criminology, sociology, law, politics and cultural studies to examine the whole range of cybercrime issues, including: " computer hacking " cyber-terrorism " media 'piracy' " financial fraud and identity theft " online stalking " hate speech " pornography " surveillance The book takes an international perspective, drawing on research, case studies and examples from the UK, the US, Europe and beyond. It includes chapter outlines and summaries, further reading and a glossary. The book is an essential resource for all students and academics interested in cybercrime and the future of the Internet.
Cybercrime and Society (PDF)
by Majid YarCybercrime is a complex and ever-changing phenomenon. This book offers a clear and engaging introduction to this fascinating subject by situating it in the wider context of social, political, cultural and economic change. Taking into account recent developments in social networking and mobile communications, this new edition tackles a range of themes spanning criminology, sociology, law, politics and cultural studies, including: - computer hacking - cyber-terrorism - piracy and intellectual property theft - financial fraud and identity theft - hate speech - internet pornography - online stalking - policing the internet - surveillance and censorship Complete with useful recommendations for further reading, incisive discussion questions and an updated glossary of key terms, Cybercrime and Society is an essential resource for all students and academics interested in cybercrime and the future of the Internet.
Cybercrime in Context: The human factor in victimization, offending, and policing (Crime and Justice in Digital Society #I)
by Rutger Leukfeldt Marleen Weulen KranenbargThis book is about the human factor in cybercrime: its offenders, victims and parties involved in tackling cybercrime. It takes a diverse international perspective of the response to and prevention of cybercrime by seeking to understand not just the technological, but the human decision-making involved. This edited volume represents the state of the art of research on the human factor in cybercrime, addressing its victims, offenders, and policing. It originated at the Second annual Conference on the Human Factor in Cybercrime, held in The Netherlands in October 2019, bringing together empirical research from a variety of disciplines, and theoretical and methodological approaches. This volume will be of particular interest to researchers and students in cybercrime and the psychology of cybercrime, as well as policy makers and law enforcement interested in prevention and detection.
Cybercrime in Progress: Theory and prevention of technology-enabled offenses (Crime Science Series)
by Thomas J Holt Adam M BosslerThe emergence of the World Wide Web, smartphones, and computers has transformed the world and enabled individuals to engage in crimes in a multitude of new ways. Criminological scholarship on these issues has increased dramatically over the last decade, as have studies on ways to prevent and police these offenses. This book is one of the first texts to provide a comprehensive review of research regarding cybercrime, policing and enforcing these offenses, and the prevention of various offenses as global change and technology adoption increases the risk of victimization around the world. Drawing on a wide range of literature, Holt and Bossler offer an extensive synthesis of numerous contemporary topics such as theories used to account for cybercrime, policing in domestic and transnational contexts, cybercrime victimization and issues in cybercrime prevention. The findings provide a roadmap for future research in cybercrime, policing, and technology, and discuss key controversies in the existing research literature in a way that is otherwise absent from textbooks and general cybercrime readers. This book is an invaluable resource for academics, practitioners, and students interested in understanding the state of the art in social science research. It will be of particular interest to scholars and students interested in cybercrime, cyber-deviance, victimization, policing, criminological theory, and technology in general.
Cybercrime in Progress: Theory and prevention of technology-enabled offenses (Crime Science Series)
by Thomas J Holt Adam M BosslerThe emergence of the World Wide Web, smartphones, and computers has transformed the world and enabled individuals to engage in crimes in a multitude of new ways. Criminological scholarship on these issues has increased dramatically over the last decade, as have studies on ways to prevent and police these offenses. This book is one of the first texts to provide a comprehensive review of research regarding cybercrime, policing and enforcing these offenses, and the prevention of various offenses as global change and technology adoption increases the risk of victimization around the world. Drawing on a wide range of literature, Holt and Bossler offer an extensive synthesis of numerous contemporary topics such as theories used to account for cybercrime, policing in domestic and transnational contexts, cybercrime victimization and issues in cybercrime prevention. The findings provide a roadmap for future research in cybercrime, policing, and technology, and discuss key controversies in the existing research literature in a way that is otherwise absent from textbooks and general cybercrime readers. This book is an invaluable resource for academics, practitioners, and students interested in understanding the state of the art in social science research. It will be of particular interest to scholars and students interested in cybercrime, cyber-deviance, victimization, policing, criminological theory, and technology in general.
Cybercrime in the Pandemic Digital Age and Beyond (Palgrave Studies in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity)
by Russell G. Smith Rick Sarre Lennon Yao-Chung Chang Laurie Yiu-Chung LauThis edited collection presents current research dealing with crime involving information and communications technologies in the months immediately before, during and following the coronavirus pandemic since 2019. Information and communications technologies played a pivotal role during the pandemic in communicating information across the globe on the risks and responses to the pandemic but also in providing opportunities for various forms of illegality. This volume describes the nature and extent of such illegality, its connection to the pandemic and how digital technologies can assist in solving not only the health crisis but also the associated crime problems. The contributors are established academic scholars and policy practitioners in the fields of cybercrime and computer forensics. This book provides a ready source of content including technological solutions to cybercrime, legal and legislative responses, crime prevention initiatives and policy discussions dealing with the most critical issues present during and following the pandemic.
Cybercrime Investigation Case Studies: An Excerpt from Placing the Suspect Behind the Keyboard
by Brett ShaversCybercrime Investigation Case Studies is a "first look" excerpt from Brett Shavers' new Syngress book, Placing the Suspect Behind the Keyboard. Case studies are an effective method of learning the methods and processes that were both successful and unsuccessful in real cases. Using a variety of case types, including civil and criminal cases, with different cybercrimes, a broad base of knowledge can be gained by comparing the cases against each other. The primary goal of reviewing successful cases involving suspects using technology to facilitate crimes is to be able to find and use the same methods in future cases. This "first look" teaches you how to place the suspect behind the keyboard using case studies.
Cybercrime, Organized Crime, and Societal Responses: International Approaches
by Emilio C. VianoThis timely book provides contributions on international, comparative crime phenomena: gangs, trafficking, fear of crime, and crime prevention. It highlights contributions originally prepared for the XVII World Congress of Criminology and for the 2015 Cybercrime Conference in Oñati, Spain which have been selected, reviewed, and adapted for inclusion in this volume. The work features international contributors sharing the latest research and approaches from a variety of global regions. The first part examines the impact of gangs on criminal activities and violence. The second part explores illegal trafficking of people, drugs, and other illicit goods as a global phenomenon, aided by the ease of international travel, funds transfer, and communication. Finally, international approaches to crime detection prevention are presented. The work provides case studies and fieldwork that will be relevant across a variety of disciplines and a rich resource for future research. This work is relevant for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as international and comparative law, public policy, and public health.
Cybercrime Prevention: Theory and Applications (Crime Prevention and Security Management)
by Russell Brewer Melissa de Vel-Palumbo Alice Hutchings Thomas Holt Andrew Goldsmith David MaimonThis book articulates how crime prevention research and practice can be reimagined for an increasingly digital world. This ground-breaking work explores how criminology can apply longstanding, traditional crime prevention techniques to the digital realm. It provides an overview of the key principles, concepts and research literature associated with crime prevention, and discusses the interventions most commonly applied to crime problems. The authors review the theoretical underpinnings of these and analyses evidence for their efficacy. Cybercrime Prevention is split into three sections which examine primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. It provides a thorough discussion of what works and what does not, and offers a formulaic account of how traditional crime prevention interventions can be reimagined to apply to the digital realm.
Cybercrime Risks and Responses: Eastern and Western Perspectives (Palgrave Studies in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity)
by Russell G. Smith Ray Chak-Chung Cheung Laurie Yiu-Chung LauThis book examines the most recent and contentious issues in relation to cybercrime facing the world today, and how best to address them. The contributors show how Eastern and Western nations are responding to the challenges of cybercrime, and the latest trends and issues in cybercrime prevention and control.
Cybercrime Through an Interdisciplinary Lens (Routledge Studies in Crime and Society)
by Thomas J. HoltResearch on cybercrime has been largely bifurcated, with social science and computer science researchers working with different research agendas. These fields have produced parallel scholarship to understand cybercrime offending and victimization, as well as techniques to harden systems from compromise and understand the tools used by cybercriminals. The literature developed from these two fields is diverse and informative, but until now there has been minimal interdisciplinary scholarship combining their insights in order to create a more informed and robust body of knowledge. This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to research on cybercrime and lays out frameworks for collaboration between the fields. Bringing together international experts, this book explores a range of issues from malicious software and hacking to victimization and fraud. This work also provides direction for policy changes to both cybersecurity and criminal justice practice based on the enhanced understanding of cybercrime that can be derived from integrated research from both the technical and social sciences. The authors demonstrate the breadth of contemporary scholarship as well as identifying key questions that could be addressed in the future or unique methods that could benefit the wider research community. This edited collection will be key reading for academics, researchers, and practitioners in both computer security and law enforcement. This book is also a comprehensive resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students undertaking courses in social and technical studies.
Cybercrime Through an Interdisciplinary Lens (Routledge Studies in Crime and Society)
by Thomas J. HoltResearch on cybercrime has been largely bifurcated, with social science and computer science researchers working with different research agendas. These fields have produced parallel scholarship to understand cybercrime offending and victimization, as well as techniques to harden systems from compromise and understand the tools used by cybercriminals. The literature developed from these two fields is diverse and informative, but until now there has been minimal interdisciplinary scholarship combining their insights in order to create a more informed and robust body of knowledge. This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to research on cybercrime and lays out frameworks for collaboration between the fields. Bringing together international experts, this book explores a range of issues from malicious software and hacking to victimization and fraud. This work also provides direction for policy changes to both cybersecurity and criminal justice practice based on the enhanced understanding of cybercrime that can be derived from integrated research from both the technical and social sciences. The authors demonstrate the breadth of contemporary scholarship as well as identifying key questions that could be addressed in the future or unique methods that could benefit the wider research community. This edited collection will be key reading for academics, researchers, and practitioners in both computer security and law enforcement. This book is also a comprehensive resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students undertaking courses in social and technical studies.
Cybercrimes: Critical Issues in a Global Context
by Anita LavorgnaThis new textbook offers a systematic introduction to a wide array of cybercrimes, exploring their diversity and the range of possible responses to them. Combining coverage of theoretical perspectives with more technical knowledge, the book is divided into ten chapters which first lay the foundations of the topic and then consider the most important types of cybercrimes – from crimes against devices to political offences – before finally exploring ways to prevent, disrupt, analyse and better comprehend them. Examples from several countries are included, in the attempt to show how crime and deviance in cyberspace are truly global problems, with different countries experiencing comparable sets of challenges. At the same time, the author illustrates how these challenges manifest themselves differently, depending on the socio-legal culture of reference. This text offers an accessible introduction to the topic for all those studying cybercrimes at undergraduate or postgraduate level. Whether students approach the topic from a criminological, legal or computer science perspective, this multidisciplinary approach of this text provides a common language to guide them through the intricacies of criminal and deviant behaviours in cyberspace.
Cybercrimes: Critical Issues in a Global Context
by Anita LavorgnaThis new textbook offers a systematic introduction to a wide array of cybercrimes, exploring their diversity and the range of possible responses to them. Combining coverage of theoretical perspectives with more technical knowledge, the book is divided into ten chapters which first lay the foundations of the topic and then consider the most important types of cybercrimes – from crimes against devices to political offences – before finally exploring ways to prevent, disrupt, analyse and better comprehend them. Examples from several countries are included, in the attempt to show how crime and deviance in cyberspace are truly global problems, with different countries experiencing comparable sets of challenges. At the same time, the author illustrates how these challenges manifest themselves differently, depending on the socio-legal culture of reference.This text offers an accessible introduction to the topic for all those studying cybercrimes at undergraduate or postgraduate level. Whether students approach the topic from a criminological, legal or computer science perspective, this multidisciplinary approach of this text provides a common language to guide them through the intricacies of criminal and deviant behaviours in cyberspace.
Cyberculture Theorists: Manuel Castells and Donna Haraway (Routledge Critical Thinkers)
by David BellThis book surveys a ‘cluster’ of works that seek to explore the cultures of cyberspace, the Internet and the information society. It introduces key ideas, and includes detailed discussion of the work of two key thinkers in this area, Manuel Castells and Donna Haraway, as well as outlining the development of cyberculture studies as a field. To do this, the book also explores selected ‘moments’ in this development, from the early 1990s, when cyberspace and cyberculture were only just beginning to come together as ideas, up to the present day, when the field of cyberculture studies has grown and bloomed, producing innovative theoretical and empirical work from a diversity of standpoints. Key topics include: life on the screen network society space of flows cyborg methods. Cyberculture Theorists is the ideal starting point for anyone wanting to understand how to theorise cyberculture in all its myriad forms.
Cyberculture Theorists: Manuel Castells and Donna Haraway (Routledge Critical Thinkers)
by David BellThis book surveys a ‘cluster’ of works that seek to explore the cultures of cyberspace, the Internet and the information society. It introduces key ideas, and includes detailed discussion of the work of two key thinkers in this area, Manuel Castells and Donna Haraway, as well as outlining the development of cyberculture studies as a field. To do this, the book also explores selected ‘moments’ in this development, from the early 1990s, when cyberspace and cyberculture were only just beginning to come together as ideas, up to the present day, when the field of cyberculture studies has grown and bloomed, producing innovative theoretical and empirical work from a diversity of standpoints. Key topics include: life on the screen network society space of flows cyborg methods. Cyberculture Theorists is the ideal starting point for anyone wanting to understand how to theorise cyberculture in all its myriad forms.
Cyberdanger: Understanding and Guarding Against Cybercrime
by Eddy WillemsThis book describes the key cybercrime threats facing individuals, businesses, and organizations in our online world. The author first explains malware and its origins; he describes the extensive underground economy and the various attacks that cybercriminals have developed, including malware, spam, and hacking; he offers constructive advice on countermeasures for individuals and organizations; and he discusses the related topics of cyberespionage, cyberwarfare, hacktivism, and anti-malware organizations, and appropriate roles for the state and the media. The author has worked in the security industry for decades, and he brings a wealth of experience and expertise. In particular he offers insights about the human factor, the people involved on both sides and their styles and motivations. He writes in an accessible, often humorous way about real-world cases in industry, and his collaborations with police and government agencies worldwide, and the text features interviews with leading industry experts. The book is important reading for all professionals engaged with securing information, people, and enterprises. It’s also a valuable introduction for the general reader who wants to learn about cybersecurity.
Cyberdemocracy: Transforming Politics
by Harem KaremThis book is explicitly modernist at a time when many scholars have either forgotten the emancipatory promise of the Enlightenment or railed against it in the name of postmodernism. The book, broadly, adopts a hybrid epistemology that utilises the critical insights of Geisteswissenschaften Tradition (Weberian ‘Ideal-Type Analysis’) and the Habermas (1988) notions of the ‘public sphere’ and deliberative/dialogic democracy (‘ideal speech’) to advance a general proposition of democratic renewal by way of cyberdemocracy. Curiously, as democracy spreads across the world in the age of globalisation, it has also been accompanied by increased discontent with democratic systems. To that end, this book is not overly concerned with saving democracy beyond the liberal representative model, rather the focus is on how modern representative democracy has failed and how cyberdemocracy might function as a more effective model that truly represents the people by broadening participation and reflexive deliberation.
Cyberdemocracy: Technology, Cities and Civic Networks
by Roza Tsagarousianou Damian Tambini Cathy BryanDevelopments in information technology and the internet are taking place at an almost bewildering pace. Such improvements, however, are believed to present opportunities for improving the responsiveness and accountability of political institutions and enhancing citizen participation. In Cyberdemocracy the theoretical arguments for and against "electronic democracy" and the potential of information and communication technology are closely examined. The book is underpinned by a series of case studies in the US and Europe that demonstrate the application of "electronic democracy" in a number of city and civic projects. Cyberdemocracy provides a balanced and considered evaluation of the potential for "electronic democracy" based on empirical research. It will be a valuable contribution to a vigorous debate about the state of democracy and the influence of information technology. Roza Tsagarousianou is a lecturer and researcher at the Centre for Communication and Information Studies of the University of Westminster. Damian Tambini is a research fellow at Humbolt University, Berlin. Cathy Bryan is a researcher at Informed Sources and is concerned with developments in media and communications technologies.
Cyberdemocracy: Technology, Cities and Civic Networks (PDF)
by Roza Tsagarousianou Damian Tambini Editors Cathy BryanDevelopments in information technology and the internet are taking place at an almost bewildering pace. Such improvements, however, are believed to present opportunities for improving the responsiveness and accountability of political institutions and enhancing citizen participation. In Cyberdemocracy the theoretical arguments for and against "electronic democracy" and the potential of information and communication technology are closely examined. The book is underpinned by a series of case studies in the US and Europe that demonstrate the application of "electronic democracy" in a number of city and civic projects. Cyberdemocracy provides a balanced and considered evaluation of the potential for "electronic democracy" based on empirical research. It will be a valuable contribution to a vigorous debate about the state of democracy and the influence of information technology. Roza Tsagarousianou is a lecturer and researcher at the Centre for Communication and Information Studies of the University of Westminster. Damian Tambini is a research fellow at Humbolt University, Berlin. Cathy Bryan is a researcher at Informed Sources and is concerned with developments in media and communications technologies.
Cyberdualism in China: The Political Implications of Internet Exposure of Educated Youth (Routledge Contemporary China Series)
by Shiru WangInternet usage in China has recently grown exponentially, rising from 59 million users in 2002 to 710 million by mid-2016. One in every two Chinese has currently been exposed to the Internet. This upsurge has made political communication among citizens and between the government and citizens less costly and almost instantaneous in China. Despite these advances, scholars are only beginning to understand and systematically explain the ways in which increased Internet exposure may affect behavior and values of Chinese netizens. Can the Internet help liberalize Chinese society due to its innate pluralism? Has the Internet become an efficient tool assisting the ruling elite to remain in power given the tendency of Internet service providers and users to be easily manipulated by the Chinese state? This book addresses these questions by focusing on the most digitally embedded segment of Chinese population – university students. Using survey evidence from more than 1200 observations, data confirm that Internet exposure to information generated by fellow netizens promotes democratic orientation, enhances political resistance to indoctrination, and boosts popular nationalism. However, exposure to government-managed websites encourages regime support and, at a less significance level, decreases democratic orientation, and elevates official patriotism. People who perceive the Internet as a tool enhancing the vertical communication between the Chinese government and netizens tend to become patriotic and supportive of the regime. Building upon quantitative evidence, this book draws a nuanced picture of Internet exposure and its political implications.