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Biographische Forschung: Eine Einführung in Praxis und Methoden (Studientexte zur Soziologie)

Dieses Buch führt in die Erhebung und Interpretation von lebensgeschichtlichen Texten ein. Kapitel I begründet die biographische Forschung aus den alltäglichen Formen biographischer Reflexion und Kommunikation. Kapitel II informiert über die Geschichte der biographischen Forschung und über wichtige Kontroversen. Kapitel III folgt den Schritten eines biographischen Forschungsprojekts von der Konzeption bis zur Publikation und diskutiert die jeweils möglichen forschungspraktischen Entscheidungen.

Biographische Forschung: Eine Einführung in Praxis und Methoden (Studientexte zur Soziologie)

Dieses Buch führt in die Erhebung und Interpretation von lebensgeschichtlichen Texten ein. Kapitel I begründet die biographische Forschung aus den alltäglichen Formen biographischer Reflexion und Kommunikation. Kapitel II informiert über die Geschichte der biographischen Forschung und über wichtige Kontroversen. Kapitel III folgt den Schritten eines biographischen Forschungsprojekts von der Konzeption bis zur Publikation und diskutiert die jeweils möglichen forschungspraktischen Entscheidungen.

Biographische Konstruktionen im multikulturellen Bildungsprozess: Individuelle Standortsicherung im globalisierten Alltag (Interkulturelle Studien)

Der Sammelband präsentiert Beiträge zu den Themen 'Doing Biography', Konfliktlagen zur biographischen Neuorientierung im Kontext gesellschaftlich definierter Möglichkeiten, nationale Visionen zu rechten Biographien und Unrechtserfahrungen zur biographischen Selbstvergewisserung. Er zeigt somit neue Herausforderungen sowie den großen Bedarf an Bildungsarbeit auf.

Biographische Orientierungen im Bildungsverlauf: Eine rekonstruktive Studie im städtischen China

Yvonne Berger untersucht in einer rekonstruktiven Studie die sozialen und räumlichen Bedingungen universitärer Bildungsverläufe im städtischen China. Dabei fokussiert sie eine bislang qualitativ-empirisch wenig beforschte Gruppe, die sogenannten Bildungsaufsteigerinnen und -aufsteiger im Kontext des chinesischen Bildungssystems. Auf der Basis narrativ-biographischer Interviews widmet sich die Autorin insbesondere den biographischen Orientierungen junger Chinesinnen und Chinesen, indem sie die Bildungsstrategien sowie Aneignungs- und Reflexionsprozesse über die Phasen und Bildungsübergänge im Lebensverlauf empirisch in den Blick nimmt.

Biographische Risiken und neue professionelle Herausforderungen (Biographie und Profession #1)

Im thematischen Mittelpunkt stehen Professionalisierungsprozesse in pädagogischen Kernberufen und in den Bereichen der Beratung, Pflege und Wirtschaft unter biographieanalytischer, professionstheoretischer und modernisierungstheoretischer Perspektive.

Biographische Sicherheit im Wandel?: Eine historisch vergleichende Analyse von Künstlerbiographien

Helga Pelizäus-Hoffmeister zeigt, dass biographische Unsicherheit - ein typisch modernes Phänomen - heute als umfassender und intensiver empfunden wird als früher: Die Menschen fühlen sich zunehmend genötigt, ihren Lebenslauf ohne Rückgriff auf gesellschaftliche "Normalmodelle" zu gestalten, auch wenn sie mögliche Konsequenzen immer weniger einschätzen können und daher die Gefahr des Scheiterns mehr denn je zu bestehen scheint. Allerdings kann die wahrgenommene Ungewissheit auch dazu führen, dass sich Menschen vom Anspruch längerfristiger Lebensplanung entlastet sehen und daraus größeren Freiraum für die individuelle Lebensgestaltung gewinnen.

Biographische Skizzen zu Norbert Elias

In sieben Essays untersucht Hermann Korte an einzelnen Beispielen den Zusammenhang von Werk, individueller Biographie und Zeitgeschichte im Leben von Norbert Elias (1897 – 1990). Diese Blicke auf ein langes Leben, auf Strukturen und Prozesse, die es begleiteten und bestimmten, sind nach dem Tod von Elias entstanden und ergänzen die Werkbiographie, die Hermann Korte zuerst 1988 vorgelegt hatte. In den Essays wird die Vielschichtigkeit von Werk und Person deutlich und gleichzeitig jeweils nicht nur ein Beitrag zum Verständnis von Leben und Werk geliefert, sondern auch zur Geschichte der Soziologie. Hermann Korte schreibt seit mehr als dreißig Jahren über Norbert Elias, weiß aber bei allem Engagement stets eine angemessene Distanz zu wahren.

Biography and social exclusion in Europe: Experiences and life journeys

Based on 250 life-story interviews in seven European Union countries, Biography and social exclusion in Europe: analyses personal struggles against social exclusion to illuminate local milieus and changing welfare regimes and contexts; points to challenging new agendas for European politics and welfare, beyond the rhetoric of communitarianism and the New Deal; vividly illustrates the lived experience and environmental complexity working for and against structural processes of social exclusion; refashions the interpretive tradition as a teaching and research tool linking macro and micro realities. · · Students, academic teachers and professional trainers, practitioners, politicians, policy makers and researchers in applied and comparative welfare fields will all benefit from reading this book.

Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering: 8th International Work-Conference, IWBBIO 2020, Granada, Spain, May 6–8, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12108)

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Work-Conference on IWBBIO 2020, held in Granada, Spain, in May 2020. The total of 73papers presented in the proceedings, was carefully reviewed and selected from 241 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Biomarker Identification; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedical Signal Analysis; Bio-Nanotechnology; Computational Approaches for Drug Design and Personalized Medicine; Computational Proteomics and Protein-Protein Interactions; Data Mining from UV/VIS/NIR Imaging and Spectrophotometry; E-Health Technology, Services and Applications; Evolving Towards Digital Twins in Healthcare (EDITH); High Performance in Bioinformatics; High-Throughput Genomics: Bioinformatic Tools and Medical Applications; Machine Learning in Bioinformatics; Medical Image Processing; Simulation and Visualization of Biological Systems.

Bioinformational Philosophy and Postdigital Knowledge Ecologies (Postdigital Science and Education)

The book presents a cross-disciplinary overview of critical issues at the intersections of biology, information, and society. Based on theories of bioinformationalism, viral modernity, the postdigital condition, and others, this book explores two inter-related questions: Which new knowledge ecologies are emerging? Which philosophies and research approaches do they require? The book argues that the 20th century focus on machinery needs to be replaced, at least partially, by a focus on a better understanding of living systems and their interactions with technology at all scales – from viruses, through to human beings, to the Earth’s ecosystem. This change of direction cannot be made by a simple relocation of focus and/or funding from one discipline to another. In our age of the Anthropocene, (human and planetary) biology cannot be thought of without (digital) technology and society. Today’s curious bioinformational mix of blurred and messy relationships between physics and biology, old and new media, humanism and posthumanism, knowledge capitalism and bio-informational capitalism defines the postdigital condition and creates new knowledge ecologies. The book presents scholarly research defining new knowledge ecologies built upon emerging forms of scientific communication, big data deluge, and opacity of algorithmic operations. Many of these developments can be approached using the concept of viral modernity, which applies to viral technologies, codes and ecosystems in information, publishing, education, and emerging knowledge (journal) systems. It is within these overlapping theories and contexts, that this book explores new bioinformational philosophies and postdigital knowledge ecologies.

Bioinspired Optimization Methods and Their Applications: 9th International Conference, BIOMA 2020, Brussels, Belgium, November 19–20, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12438)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Bioinspired Optimization Methods and Their Applications, BIOMA 2020, held in Brussels, Belgium, in November 2020. The 24 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. The papers in this BIOMA proceedings specialized in bioinspired algorithms as a means for solving the optimization problems and came in two categories: theoretical studies and methodology advancements on the one hand, and algorithm adjustments and their applications on the other. Due to the Corona pandemic BIOMA 2020 was held as a virtual event.

Bioinspired Strategic Design: Nature-Inspired Principles for Dynamic Business Environments

Organizations are commonly thrust into hostile operating environments where they are required to make strategic decisions that involve significant and costly tradeoffs. Such hostile environments may be endemic such as an economic recession or idiosyncratic such as a predatory action by an adversary. Many features of such hostile environments parallel those of living organisms that also demonstrate fine-tuned strategies to improve their survivability under adverse conditions. How can organizations use these “bioinspired strategies” to survive, and even potentially innovate? This book shows that the same three capabilities essential for the survival of living organisms in harsh environments – efficiency, resilience, and prominence – are also critical for organizations in their process of navigating through their own hostile environments. Throughout the book, the authors provide organizational executives with a systematic framework for thinking about strategic decision-making in a hostile environment leaning on analysis of real-world cases to draw out ontologies and methods for guiding their teams through disruptions, change management, innovation, and process improvements. In the first part, organizations are provided with a systematic approach to analyzing three survivability influences – forces, resources, and observers and their interrelationships. While all three influences are active across all organisms (and organizations), the exact nature of their interrelationship and the significance of each influence are unique to every organism (or organization). The framework helps organizations nail down the specific features of their operating environment that can help or hinder survivability by analyzing the three influences. Organizations can respond to external influences by developing three-pronged capabilities – efficiency, resilience, and prominence (ERP) – that respond to the three survivability influences. Organizations often struggle with identifying the appropriate strategies to apply under different conditions. Fortunately, nature provides several mechanisms that can be analogically applied to guide business strategies. The book contains many illustrations and examples of strategic principles observed among living organisms that can help an organization develop ERP capability. Finally, the book introduces seven strategic design heuristics – Combination, Elimination, Separation, Segmentation, Replication, Dynamics, and Maximization – observed in a living system that can be flexibly utilized to generate ideas to achieve strategic ends.

Bioinspired Strategic Design: Nature-Inspired Principles for Dynamic Business Environments

Organizations are commonly thrust into hostile operating environments where they are required to make strategic decisions that involve significant and costly tradeoffs. Such hostile environments may be endemic such as an economic recession or idiosyncratic such as a predatory action by an adversary. Many features of such hostile environments parallel those of living organisms that also demonstrate fine-tuned strategies to improve their survivability under adverse conditions. How can organizations use these “bioinspired strategies” to survive, and even potentially innovate? This book shows that the same three capabilities essential for the survival of living organisms in harsh environments – efficiency, resilience, and prominence – are also critical for organizations in their process of navigating through their own hostile environments. Throughout the book, the authors provide organizational executives with a systematic framework for thinking about strategic decision-making in a hostile environment leaning on analysis of real-world cases to draw out ontologies and methods for guiding their teams through disruptions, change management, innovation, and process improvements. In the first part, organizations are provided with a systematic approach to analyzing three survivability influences – forces, resources, and observers and their interrelationships. While all three influences are active across all organisms (and organizations), the exact nature of their interrelationship and the significance of each influence are unique to every organism (or organization). The framework helps organizations nail down the specific features of their operating environment that can help or hinder survivability by analyzing the three influences. Organizations can respond to external influences by developing three-pronged capabilities – efficiency, resilience, and prominence (ERP) – that respond to the three survivability influences. Organizations often struggle with identifying the appropriate strategies to apply under different conditions. Fortunately, nature provides several mechanisms that can be analogically applied to guide business strategies. The book contains many illustrations and examples of strategic principles observed among living organisms that can help an organization develop ERP capability. Finally, the book introduces seven strategic design heuristics – Combination, Elimination, Separation, Segmentation, Replication, Dynamics, and Maximization – observed in a living system that can be flexibly utilized to generate ideas to achieve strategic ends.

Biokraftstoffpolitik in Deutschland: Zur diskursiven Konstruktion einer multiplen Problemlösung (Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection)

Biokraftstoffe werden bereits seit den 1980er Jahren als eine potenzielle Lösung für eine Vielzahl von Problemen propagiert: von der Ölabhängigkeit über den Strukturwandel der Landwirtschaft bis hin zum Klimawandel. Vor dem Hintergrund des sprunghaften, teils widersprüchlichen Verlaufs der deutschen Biokraftstoffpolitik zeichnet Thomas Vogelpohl die gesellschaftliche Konstruktion von Biokraftstoffen in den letzten dreißig Jahren sowie ihre Reflexion in politischen Entscheidungen diskursanalytisch nach. Er untersucht, wie Biokraftstoffe in Deutschland als politische Lösungsoption Geltung erlangen und behaupten konnten und wie dieser komplexe soziale Konstruktionsprozess vor dem Hintergrund der historisch spezifischen politisch-institutionellen und paradigmatischen Rahmenbedingungen verstanden werden kann.

Biolegality: A Critical Introduction (Biolegalities)

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the empirical and theoretical problems posed by the encounter between law and biology in the twenty-first century. How does biotechnology and new bioscientific knowledge affect our legal institutions, our sense of justice, and our ways of relating to one another? To answer these questions, authors Marc de Leeuw and Sonja van Wichelen examine the complex and often contested ways in which biotechnology and biological knowledge are reworked by, with, and against legal knowledge. As this book shows, recent developments in the life sciences—including molecular biology, immunology, and the neurosciences—and their applications in forensics, medicine, and agriculture test longstanding legal forms, such as property, personhood, parenthood, and (collective) identity, ultimately constituting the current field of “biolegality.” The authors argue that these biolegal contestations represent philosophical and anthropological challenges to existing understandings of exchange, self, kinship, and community. By addressing how biology and law inform new ways of relating and knowing, the book proposes a programmatic intervention, asserting the pivotal role the study of biolegality plays in advancing social and political theory.

Biological and Social Issues in Biotechnology Sharing (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1998, this was the first book to present a comprehensive summary of both the global as well as institutional issues which are involved in biotechnology sharing. It covers the controversial subject of intellectual property rights (IPR) and the patenting of new discoveries in genetic knowledge in both agriculture and the human genome. One controversial issue is the creation of public and private DNA sequencing data bases. Of special interest is the sharing of biotechnology between the developed (rich) and developing (poor) nations. A related topic which requires immediate attention is the exploitation of biodiversity in the developing countries and the resulting extinction of rare species. Sharing or transferring biotechnology and its applications between institutions or different countries raises numerous ethical and moral dilemmas. A comprehensive summary of these issues is presented in this book.

Biological and Social Issues in Biotechnology Sharing (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1998, this was the first book to present a comprehensive summary of both the global as well as institutional issues which are involved in biotechnology sharing. It covers the controversial subject of intellectual property rights (IPR) and the patenting of new discoveries in genetic knowledge in both agriculture and the human genome. One controversial issue is the creation of public and private DNA sequencing data bases. Of special interest is the sharing of biotechnology between the developed (rich) and developing (poor) nations. A related topic which requires immediate attention is the exploitation of biodiversity in the developing countries and the resulting extinction of rare species. Sharing or transferring biotechnology and its applications between institutions or different countries raises numerous ethical and moral dilemmas. A comprehensive summary of these issues is presented in this book.

Biological Aspects of Social Problems: A Symposium held by the Eugenics Society in October 1964 (pdf)

The Biological Bases of Economic Behaviour: A Concise Introduction

Human genetics has changed little over the past 20,000 years, but human economic behaviour has changed a lot. These changes are probably due to human cultural evolution. But studies of human hunter-gatherers, and of a variety of other animal species, show that their micro-economic behaviour is much the same. Whereas the standard economic analysis focuses on money, the biological approach brings time and energy into the analysis. Moreover, humans and other animals tested under laboratory conditions do not exhibit the complexity of the results of field studies. In other words, results obtained in the real world are not the same as those obtained in the laboratory. The Biological Bases of Economic Behaviour invites readers to approach micro-economics from a biological viewpoint, in a clear and introductory manner.

The Biological Foundations of Action (History and Philosophy of Biology)

Philosophers have traditionally assumed that the difference between active and passive movement could be explained by the presence or absence of an intention in the mind of the agent. This assumption has led to the neglect of many interesting active behaviors that do not depend on intentions, including the "mindless" actions of humans and the activities of non-human animals. In this book Jones offers a broad account of agency that unifies these cases. The book addresses a range of questions, including: When are movements properly attributed to whole agents, rather than to their parts? What does it mean for an agent to guide its action? What distinguishes agents from other complex systems? What is the relationship between action and adaptive behavior? And why might the study of living systems be the key to understanding agency? This book makes an important contribution to current philosophical debate on the nature and origins of agency. It defines action as a uniquely biological process and recasts human intentional action as a specialized case of a broader and more common phenomenon than has been previously assumed. Uniting findings from philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, biology, computer science, complexity theory and ethology, this book will be of interest to students and scholars working in these areas.

The Biological Foundations of Action (History and Philosophy of Biology)

Philosophers have traditionally assumed that the difference between active and passive movement could be explained by the presence or absence of an intention in the mind of the agent. This assumption has led to the neglect of many interesting active behaviors that do not depend on intentions, including the "mindless" actions of humans and the activities of non-human animals. In this book Jones offers a broad account of agency that unifies these cases. The book addresses a range of questions, including: When are movements properly attributed to whole agents, rather than to their parts? What does it mean for an agent to guide its action? What distinguishes agents from other complex systems? What is the relationship between action and adaptive behavior? And why might the study of living systems be the key to understanding agency? This book makes an important contribution to current philosophical debate on the nature and origins of agency. It defines action as a uniquely biological process and recasts human intentional action as a specialized case of a broader and more common phenomenon than has been previously assumed. Uniting findings from philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, biology, computer science, complexity theory and ethology, this book will be of interest to students and scholars working in these areas.

The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior

In recent years, evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics have emerged as prominent theoretical perspectives within the social sciences. Yet despite broad levels of commonality between the disciplines—including an emphasis on adaptation, evolved mechanisms that guide behavior, and consequences of mismatch between these mechanisms and novel environments—studies that apply these perspectives on social behavior to organizations remain relatively rare. The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior brings together contributors who shed light on the potential that behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology offer for studies of organizational behavior. In addition to examining the extant literature integrating these disciplines and organizational behavior, the book reconsiders a wide range of topics through the lens of biology within organizational behavior, including decision making, leadership and hierarchy, goals and collective action, and individual difference. Contributions also explore new areas of potential application and provide a critical assessment of the challenges that lie ahead. With accessible insights for scholars and practitioners, The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior marks a promising step forward in what is increasingly perceived to be an underdeveloped area of organizational behavior.

The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior

In recent years, evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics have emerged as prominent theoretical perspectives within the social sciences. Yet despite broad levels of commonality between the disciplines—including an emphasis on adaptation, evolved mechanisms that guide behavior, and consequences of mismatch between these mechanisms and novel environments—studies that apply these perspectives on social behavior to organizations remain relatively rare. The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior brings together contributors who shed light on the potential that behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology offer for studies of organizational behavior. In addition to examining the extant literature integrating these disciplines and organizational behavior, the book reconsiders a wide range of topics through the lens of biology within organizational behavior, including decision making, leadership and hierarchy, goals and collective action, and individual difference. Contributions also explore new areas of potential application and provide a critical assessment of the challenges that lie ahead. With accessible insights for scholars and practitioners, The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior marks a promising step forward in what is increasingly perceived to be an underdeveloped area of organizational behavior.

The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior

In recent years, evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics have emerged as prominent theoretical perspectives within the social sciences. Yet despite broad levels of commonality between the disciplines—including an emphasis on adaptation, evolved mechanisms that guide behavior, and consequences of mismatch between these mechanisms and novel environments—studies that apply these perspectives on social behavior to organizations remain relatively rare. The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior brings together contributors who shed light on the potential that behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology offer for studies of organizational behavior. In addition to examining the extant literature integrating these disciplines and organizational behavior, the book reconsiders a wide range of topics through the lens of biology within organizational behavior, including decision making, leadership and hierarchy, goals and collective action, and individual difference. Contributions also explore new areas of potential application and provide a critical assessment of the challenges that lie ahead. With accessible insights for scholars and practitioners, The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior marks a promising step forward in what is increasingly perceived to be an underdeveloped area of organizational behavior.

The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior

In recent years, evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics have emerged as prominent theoretical perspectives within the social sciences. Yet despite broad levels of commonality between the disciplines—including an emphasis on adaptation, evolved mechanisms that guide behavior, and consequences of mismatch between these mechanisms and novel environments—studies that apply these perspectives on social behavior to organizations remain relatively rare. The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior brings together contributors who shed light on the potential that behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology offer for studies of organizational behavior. In addition to examining the extant literature integrating these disciplines and organizational behavior, the book reconsiders a wide range of topics through the lens of biology within organizational behavior, including decision making, leadership and hierarchy, goals and collective action, and individual difference. Contributions also explore new areas of potential application and provide a critical assessment of the challenges that lie ahead. With accessible insights for scholars and practitioners, The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior marks a promising step forward in what is increasingly perceived to be an underdeveloped area of organizational behavior.