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Spirituality, Corporate Culture, and American Business: The Neoliberal Ethic and the Spirit of Global Capital (Critiquing Religion: Discourse, Culture, Power)
by James Dennis LoRussoBy the early twenty-first century, Americans had embraced a holistic vision of work, that one's job should be imbued with meaning and purpose, that business should serve not only stockholders but also the common good, and that, for many, should attend to the “spiritual” health of individuals and society alike.While many voices celebrate efforts to introduce “spirituality in the workplace” as a recent innovation that holds the potential to positively transform business and the American workplace, James Dennis LoRusso argues that workplace spirituality is in fact more closely aligned with neoliberal ideologies that serve the interests of private wealth and undermine the power of working people. LoRusso traces how this new moral language of business emerged as part of the larger shift away from the post-New Deal welfare state towards today's global market-oriented social order. Building on other studies that emphasize the link between American religious conservatism and the rise of global capitalism, LoRusso shows how progressive “spirituality” remains a vital part of this story as well. Drawing on cultural history as well as case studies from New York City and San Francisco of businesses and leading advocates of workplace spirituality, this book argues that religion reveals much about work, corporate culture, and business in contemporary America.
Spirituality, Corporate Culture, and American Business: The Neoliberal Ethic and the Spirit of Global Capital (Critiquing Religion: Discourse, Culture, Power)
by James Dennis LoRussoBy the early twenty-first century, Americans had embraced a holistic vision of work, that one's job should be imbued with meaning and purpose, that business should serve not only stockholders but also the common good, and that, for many, should attend to the “spiritual” health of individuals and society alike.While many voices celebrate efforts to introduce “spirituality in the workplace” as a recent innovation that holds the potential to positively transform business and the American workplace, James Dennis LoRusso argues that workplace spirituality is in fact more closely aligned with neoliberal ideologies that serve the interests of private wealth and undermine the power of working people. LoRusso traces how this new moral language of business emerged as part of the larger shift away from the post-New Deal welfare state towards today's global market-oriented social order. Building on other studies that emphasize the link between American religious conservatism and the rise of global capitalism, LoRusso shows how progressive “spirituality” remains a vital part of this story as well. Drawing on cultural history as well as case studies from New York City and San Francisco of businesses and leading advocates of workplace spirituality, this book argues that religion reveals much about work, corporate culture, and business in contemporary America.
Spirituality in Dark Places: The Ethics of Solitary Confinement (Content and Context in Theological Ethics)
by D. JeffreysJeffreys explores the spiritual consequences and ethics of modern solitary confinement and emphasizes how solitary confinement damages our spiritual lives. He focuses particularly on how it destroys one's relationship to time and undermines our creativity, and proposes institutional changes in order to mitigate profound damage to prisoners.
Spirituality in Education: Professional Accounts of the Impact of Spirituality on Education (Emerald Points)
by Aidan GillespieWhere spirituality in the UK once existed as a shared experience of mutual religious and cultural norms, it has evolved to one where religion, faith and individualism challenges a ‘one-size fits all’ experience. Considering the dramatic implications this means for British education, Aidan Gillespie puts forward a new definition of spirituality which is unique to educationalists across all settings. With reference to how teachers themselves define and understand the expression of spirituality through their teaching practice, this book draws on narrative accounts from professionals, of faith and none, to illustrate the contested understanding of spirituality and its interaction with professional values and choices. As the author develops the concept of spirituality from a wholly religious tradition and towards one of a shared spiritual component present in each individual, regardless of faith or belief, he also showcases how this might challenge learning spaces with a distinctive religious character. By investigating where the personal conceptualization of spirituality might directly contest the assumed character of faith education, and place tensions on individual teachers with regards to their professional practice, Gillespie demonstrates the importance of this new understanding of spirituality in a culture which pays homage to a largely secular contemporary Britain. Providing enlightening accounts from professionals with wide-ranging experience, this book is appealing reading for teachers, researchers and students of education in the UK as well as internationally.
Spirituality in Education: Professional Accounts of the Impact of Spirituality on Education (Emerald Points)
by Aidan GillespieWhere spirituality in the UK once existed as a shared experience of mutual religious and cultural norms, it has evolved to one where religion, faith and individualism challenges a ‘one-size fits all’ experience. Considering the dramatic implications this means for British education, Aidan Gillespie puts forward a new definition of spirituality which is unique to educationalists across all settings. With reference to how teachers themselves define and understand the expression of spirituality through their teaching practice, this book draws on narrative accounts from professionals, of faith and none, to illustrate the contested understanding of spirituality and its interaction with professional values and choices. As the author develops the concept of spirituality from a wholly religious tradition and towards one of a shared spiritual component present in each individual, regardless of faith or belief, he also showcases how this might challenge learning spaces with a distinctive religious character. By investigating where the personal conceptualization of spirituality might directly contest the assumed character of faith education, and place tensions on individual teachers with regards to their professional practice, Gillespie demonstrates the importance of this new understanding of spirituality in a culture which pays homage to a largely secular contemporary Britain. Providing enlightening accounts from professionals with wide-ranging experience, this book is appealing reading for teachers, researchers and students of education in the UK as well as internationally.
Spirituality in Education in a Global, Pluralised World (Routledge Research in Education)
by Marian de SouzaA particular problem associated with international research in the field of spirituality and education is the reluctance of scholars to agree on what spirituality means, with numerous descriptions increasing ambiguity and reducing the impact of research in the discipline. This book argues that it is important to understand spirituality as a unifying concept that has the potential to be meaningful in its application to the lives of children and young people in areas of learning and wellbeing. Chapters show why and how spiritual learning should be addressed across the curriculum, with implications for the design of learning programs and environments.
Spirituality in Education in a Global, Pluralised World (Routledge Research in Education)
by Marian de SouzaA particular problem associated with international research in the field of spirituality and education is the reluctance of scholars to agree on what spirituality means, with numerous descriptions increasing ambiguity and reducing the impact of research in the discipline. This book argues that it is important to understand spirituality as a unifying concept that has the potential to be meaningful in its application to the lives of children and young people in areas of learning and wellbeing. Chapters show why and how spiritual learning should be addressed across the curriculum, with implications for the design of learning programs and environments.
Spirituality in Systemic Family Therapy Supervision and Training (Focused Issues in Family Therapy)
by Suzanne M. CoyleThis book examines the implications of exploring spirituality through the lens of human relationships. It addresses systemic supervision and training and explores a systemic approach to the development of the self. The book provides an educational methodology that lays a foundation in describing an operational model of spirituality that is applicable for both theistic and nontheistic perspectives. In addition, it details how spirituality is itself a diversity as well as explores spirituality through a lens of diversity. In addition, a pilot research project on spirituality set in a MFT Live Supervision Group illustrates how to apply a systemic approach to spirituality. Finally, the book offers examples of practice using spirituality in various training settings.Key areas of coverage include:· How a systemic approach to spirituality enables the lens of relationship and diversity to enrich supervising and teaching family therapy emerging from the self of therapist concerns.· Theoretical perspectives that connect systemic practice with spirituality in an approach for family therapy.· How a systemic spiritual approach can be used in training marriage and family therapists.· Interventions that focus on how a relational systemic approach views transcendence and immanence from both clinical and spiritual perspectives.· Concepts that inform supervision and training with the goals of educating students to be spiritually literate and spiritually sensitive.· Barriers to implementing this approach with examples of how to address such obstacles.Spirituality in Systemic Family Therapy Supervision and Training is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, graduate students as well as clinicians, supervisors, and professionals in clinical psychology, family studies / family therapy, and public health as well as all interrelated disciplines.
Spirituality in the Workplace: A Tool for Relations, Sustainability and Growth in Turbulent and Interconnected Markets (Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations and Society)
by Stephen J. BroadhurstAs we become more and more of a global trading world, the challenges of leading and managing within this turbulent environment and its associated, complex, interconnected markets and disconnected relationships are indisputable, so just how far can any change requirements be practically engaged with, whilst also keeping the employee at the organisation’s central core? Today’s business world cries out for people who can lead with a cross-cultural global perspective, who can lead from the heart as well as the mind and address and manage problems on not just an integrated local level, but also with a healthy, holistic perspective. The subject of spirituality has long been discussed within academic research, but there still seems to be a misunderstanding and stagnation of both its real meaning and application amongst business academics, the population and organisations alike. This book aims to provide a realistic message to help those who are looking for some answers; for those who are looking for a way to advance their own skill-set and progress both their careers and the organisation’s current standing; to move from being confused and insecure about strategies and tactics, to positively contributing to not only their own, but also to the employees’ well-being and the business’s overall purpose and intention. By basing the content upon real and relevant, interesting, modern-day perspectives, applications, requirements, opportunities and benefits, all combined into a manual for thought and a practical framework for action, this book will significantly and realistically move the subject of spirituality forward. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics and students with a special interest in the, positive, influence of spirituality within the workplace and everyday healthy living.
Spirituality in the Workplace: A Tool for Relations, Sustainability and Growth in Turbulent and Interconnected Markets (Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations and Society)
by Stephen J. BroadhurstAs we become more and more of a global trading world, the challenges of leading and managing within this turbulent environment and its associated, complex, interconnected markets and disconnected relationships are indisputable, so just how far can any change requirements be practically engaged with, whilst also keeping the employee at the organisation’s central core? Today’s business world cries out for people who can lead with a cross-cultural global perspective, who can lead from the heart as well as the mind and address and manage problems on not just an integrated local level, but also with a healthy, holistic perspective. The subject of spirituality has long been discussed within academic research, but there still seems to be a misunderstanding and stagnation of both its real meaning and application amongst business academics, the population and organisations alike. This book aims to provide a realistic message to help those who are looking for some answers; for those who are looking for a way to advance their own skill-set and progress both their careers and the organisation’s current standing; to move from being confused and insecure about strategies and tactics, to positively contributing to not only their own, but also to the employees’ well-being and the business’s overall purpose and intention. By basing the content upon real and relevant, interesting, modern-day perspectives, applications, requirements, opportunities and benefits, all combined into a manual for thought and a practical framework for action, this book will significantly and realistically move the subject of spirituality forward. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics and students with a special interest in the, positive, influence of spirituality within the workplace and everyday healthy living.
Spirituality Matters in Social Work: Connecting Spirituality, Religion, and Practice
by James R. DudleyOffering a focus that is lacking (or not clearly evident) in most spirituality books, Dudley addresses specific ways of incorporating spirituality into practice and integrates many of the contributions of other writers into an overall eclectic practice approach. His approach revolves around many of the core competencies of the EPAS accreditation (CSWE, 2008). Most of the core competencies are addressed with an emphasis on professional identity, ethical practice, critical thinking, diversity, practice contexts, and, a major practice framework of the book, the practice stages of engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.
Spirituality Matters in Social Work: Connecting Spirituality, Religion, and Practice
by James R. DudleyOffering a focus that is lacking (or not clearly evident) in most spirituality books, Dudley addresses specific ways of incorporating spirituality into practice and integrates many of the contributions of other writers into an overall eclectic practice approach. His approach revolves around many of the core competencies of the EPAS accreditation (CSWE, 2008). Most of the core competencies are addressed with an emphasis on professional identity, ethical practice, critical thinking, diversity, practice contexts, and, a major practice framework of the book, the practice stages of engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.
Spirituality, Mental Health and Quality of Life: Pathways in Indian Psychology
by Naveen PantThis book is about spiritual intelligence and its effects on mental health and quality of life. As mental health and related problems are increasing rapidly and have become a matter of great concern, there has not been a unanimous and empirical approach to assess and cure it, due to its divergence or other causes. This book is based on the most developed construct: spiritual intelligence and its effects on mental health and quality of life. Spirituality and its other constructs are one of the most interesting topics nowadays in the area of positive/indigenous/transpersonal psychology and among social/behavioral scientists. This book provides content on spirituality, spiritual intelligence, mental health, and quality of life. The book also attempts to review related literature (whether review or empirical), to have a look at past and current scenarios on spirituality and mental health and quality of life research. Through an exploration of Indian indigenous psychology, this book provides a look at mental health and the mind from an Indian psychological perspective and examines Indian psychology, taking into consideration modern psychological concepts.
The Spirituality of Anorexia: A Goddess Feminist Thealogy (Gender, Theology and Spirituality)
by Emma WhiteWidely popularized images of unobtainable and damaging feminine ideals can be a cause of profound disjunction between women and their bodies. A consequence of this dissonance is an embodied performance of these ideals with the potential development of disordered eating practices, such as anorexia nervosa. This book develops a spirituality of anorexia by suggesting that these eating disorders are physical symptoms of the general repression of feminine nature in our culture. Furthermore, it puts forward Goddess feminism as a framework for a healing therapeutic model to address anorexia and more broadly, the "slender ideal" touted by society. The book focuses on the female body in contemporary society, specifically the development of anorexia nervosa, and what this expression communicates about female embodiment. Drawing upon the work of a variety of theorists, social commentators, liberation theologians and thealogians, it discusses the benefits of adopting female-focused myths, symbols and rituals, drawing upon the work of Marion Woodman and Naomi Goldenberg. Ultimately, it theorises a thealogical approach to anorexia aimed at displacing the damaging discourses that undermine women in the twenty-first century. Offering an alternative model of spirituality and embodiment for contemporary women, this book will be of keen interest to scholars of theology, religious studies, gender studies and psychology.
The Spirituality of Anorexia: A Goddess Feminist Thealogy (Gender, Theology and Spirituality)
by Emma WhiteWidely popularized images of unobtainable and damaging feminine ideals can be a cause of profound disjunction between women and their bodies. A consequence of this dissonance is an embodied performance of these ideals with the potential development of disordered eating practices, such as anorexia nervosa. This book develops a spirituality of anorexia by suggesting that these eating disorders are physical symptoms of the general repression of feminine nature in our culture. Furthermore, it puts forward Goddess feminism as a framework for a healing therapeutic model to address anorexia and more broadly, the "slender ideal" touted by society. The book focuses on the female body in contemporary society, specifically the development of anorexia nervosa, and what this expression communicates about female embodiment. Drawing upon the work of a variety of theorists, social commentators, liberation theologians and thealogians, it discusses the benefits of adopting female-focused myths, symbols and rituals, drawing upon the work of Marion Woodman and Naomi Goldenberg. Ultimately, it theorises a thealogical approach to anorexia aimed at displacing the damaging discourses that undermine women in the twenty-first century. Offering an alternative model of spirituality and embodiment for contemporary women, this book will be of keen interest to scholars of theology, religious studies, gender studies and psychology.
The Spirituality of Responsibility: Fethullah Gulen and Islamic Thought
by Simon RobinsonTurkish Islamic leader Fethullah Gülen offers a distinctive view of responsibility, which is explored here for the first time. Simon Robinson shows how Gülen's writings, influenced by both orthodox Islam and the Sufi tradition, contribute a dynamic, holistic and interactive view of responsibility which locates personal identity, agency and freedom in plural relationships. The Spirituality of Responsibility also explores the practice of responsibility in Gülen's life and in the Hizmet movement which he founded. Gülen has been at the centre of many controversies, including in his Movement's relationship with the Turkish government. Charting Gülen's response, from the Israeli Gaza blockade through to more recent crises, the book critiques aspects of both this practice and underlying ideas, and argues that responsibility, focused in dialogue and peace-building, is continuing to evolve in the leadership and practice of the movement, providing a challenge to conventional views of governance and responsibility. This book is an important contribution both to the theological and philosophical debate about responsibility but also to the practice of responsibility focused in creative action, debates in business and contemporary society about responsible governance and enterprise.
The Spirituality of Responsibility: Fethullah Gulen and Islamic Thought
by Simon RobinsonTurkish Islamic leader Fethullah Gülen offers a distinctive view of responsibility, which is explored here for the first time. Simon Robinson shows how Gülen's writings, influenced by both orthodox Islam and the Sufi tradition, contribute a dynamic, holistic and interactive view of responsibility which locates personal identity, agency and freedom in plural relationships. The Spirituality of Responsibility also explores the practice of responsibility in Gülen's life and in the Hizmet movement which he founded. Gülen has been at the centre of many controversies, including in his Movement's relationship with the Turkish government. Charting Gülen's response, from the Israeli Gaza blockade through to more recent crises, the book critiques aspects of both this practice and underlying ideas, and argues that responsibility, focused in dialogue and peace-building, is continuing to evolve in the leadership and practice of the movement, providing a challenge to conventional views of governance and responsibility. This book is an important contribution both to the theological and philosophical debate about responsibility but also to the practice of responsibility focused in creative action, debates in business and contemporary society about responsible governance and enterprise.
Spirituality, Organization and Neoliberalism: Understanding Lived Experiences
by Emma Bell Sorin Gog Anca Simionca Scott TaylorThis book brings together analyses from across the social sciences to develop an interdisciplinary approach to understanding spiritualities and neoliberalism. It traces the lived experience of social actors as they engage with new and alternative spiritualities in neoliberal contexts. An international group of authors in anthropology, sociology, religious studies, political science, and critical management studies explore the contemporary flourishing of subjectivities centred on a variety of spiritual practices and imaginaries. The book analyses the social and organizational mechanisms that underlie the generation of ‘enterprising’ and ‘competitive’ subjectivities engaged in transforming inner selves and social environments in accordance with prevailing neoliberal economic rationalities. Contributions draw on a wide range of empirical settings around the world to discuss the role of subjectivities in organizations. The purpose of the book is to provide specific insights into how neoliberalism is resisted, contested or reproduced through a transformative ethic of spiritual self-realization. Researchers, academics and Master’s-level students in a range of social science disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, human geography, and organization studies, will find this book relevant reading.
Spirituality, Religiousness and Health: From Research to Clinical Practice (Religion, Spirituality and Health: A Social Scientific Approach #4)
by Giancarlo Lucchetti Mario Fernando Prieto Peres Rodolfo Furlan DamianoThis book provides an overview of the research on spirituality, religiousness and health, including the most important studies, conceptualization, instruments for measurement, types of studies, challenges, and criticisms. It covers essential information on the influence of spirituality and religiousness (S/R) in mental and physical health, and provides guidance for its use in clinical practice. The book discusses the clinical implications of the research findings, including ethical issues, medical/health education, how to take a spiritual history, and challenges in addressing these issues, all based on studies showing the results of incorporating S/R in clinical practice. It contains case reports to facilitate learning, and suggests educational strategies to facilitate teaching S/R to health professionals and students.
Spirituality, Sport, and Doping: More than Just a Game (SpringerBriefs in Religious Studies)
by Tracy J. TrothenThis book explores the deeper meaning of sports. Drawing on contemporary research, the author makes a strong case for why we should see sport not only in terms of religion but--more importantly-as a possible location for spiritual meaning. Taking this a step farther, she considers how gene editing, robotics, and other biomedical technological enhancements affect not only sports performances but experiences of sport as sacred. In addition, the author explores what difference it might make to the enhancement debate if sports’ spirituality is taken seriously. The author is not afraid to explore the issue in all its complexity. Yet, the argument she presents is both meaningful and accessible. This investigation applies insights from Christian theology, applied ethics, psychology, and sports studies. From lightweight tennis racquets to anabolic steroids, athletes have long used technology and science to improve their performances. But, until now, no one has asked how biomedical technological enhancements might affect the undervalued spiritual dimension of sport. This book presents rich insights into the connection between sports, spirituality, and human enhancement technologies. It will appeal to researchers, athletes and sports followers, and undergraduate and graduate students in ethics, sport, religion or theology.
Spirituality, Values and Mental Health: Jewels for the Journey
by Nigel Mills Paul Chapple Luftha Meah Sarajane Aris Thurstine Basset Abina Parshad-Griffin Chris Mackenna Christopher Newell Wendy Edwards Kim Woodbridge Mary Ellen Coyte Barbara Pointon Ali Jan Haider Mark Bones Paul Grey Anne Roberts B Spalek Frances Basset Tom Gordon Julia Head Ju Blencowe Veronica Dewan Bill K. W. M. Fulford Cameron Langlands Neil Thompson Arthur Hawes Brian Thorne Fatima Kassam Peter Bates Vicky Nicholls Peter Gilbert David Mitchell Choman Hardi Premila Trevedi Andrew Powell Fozia Sarwar Sarah Carr Suman Fernando John Foskett John Swinton Azim KidwaiSpirituality, religious belief and inclusive faith communities are important for mental well being but mental health practitioners have few guidelines for acknowledging these issues when working with service users. Spirituality, Values and Mental Health gathers together personal and professional contributions from mental health professionals, carers and mental health service users and survivors. It addresses the stigma that can surround both mental health and spirituality and explores the place of the spiritual in mental health care, teasing out its implications for research, education, training and good practice. This book is a welcome source of ideas and common-sense that is essential reading for mental health practitioners, carers and service users, chaplains, faith leaders, faith communities, as well as students and professionals working in the field of spirituality and mental health.
Spirituality, Values and Mental Health: Jewels for the Journey (PDF)
by Abina Parshad-Griffin Ali Jan Haider Andrew Powell Anne Roberts Arthur Hawes Azim Kidwai B Spalek Barbara Pointon Brian Thorne Cameron Langlands Choman Hardi Chris Mackenna Christopher Newell David Mitchell Fatima Kassam Fozia Sarwar Frances Basset John Foskett John Swinton Ju Blencowe Julia Head Kim Woodbridge Luftha Meah Mark Bones Mary Ellen Coyte Neil Thompson Nigel Mills Paul Chapple Paul Grey Peter Bates Peter Gilbert Premila Trevedi Sarah Carr Sarajane Aris Suman Fernando Thurstine Basset Tom Gordon Veronica Dewan Vicky Nicholls Wendy Edwards Bill K. W. M. FulfordSpirituality, religious belief and inclusive faith communities are important for mental well being but mental health practitioners have few guidelines for acknowledging these issues when working with service users. Spirituality, Values and Mental Health gathers together personal and professional contributions from mental health professionals, carers and mental health service users and survivors. It addresses the stigma that can surround both mental health and spirituality and explores the place of the spiritual in mental health care, teasing out its implications for research, education, training and good practice. This book is a welcome source of ideas and common-sense that is essential reading for mental health practitioners, carers and service users, chaplains, faith leaders, faith communities, as well as students and professionals working in the field of spirituality and mental health.
Spirituelle Sorge um Menschen mit Demenz: Eine interpretative hermeneutische Studie im Kontext von Palliative Care
by Carmen B. BirkholzCarmen Birkholz zeigt, dass die subjektiven Spiritualitätskonzepte von Pflegenden und Begleitenden wesentlich für sie selbst und für ihr Sorgehandeln in Bezug auf Menschen mit Demenz am Lebensende sind. Dazu untersucht sie in vier Pflegeeinrichtungen mit unterschiedlichem religiösem und weltanschaulichem Hintergrund die subjektiven Spiritualitätskonstruktionen und beschreibt, dass diese unabhängig von der Religionszugehörigkeit sind. Unterschiede ergeben sich nicht in erster Linie von der Personenstruktur, sondern insbesondere durch die Rolle und den jeweiligen Handlungsspielraum in der Organisation.
Spitzensport und Studium: Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze zur Ermöglichung dualer Karriere (Angewandte Forschung im Sport)
by André Schneider Thomas WendebornDie Vereinbarkeit von Spitzensport und Studium stellt für viele Akteure im Spitzensport- und Hochschulsystem eine enorme Herausforderung dar. Dieser Sammelband zeigt anhand von Fachbeiträgen und Praxisbeispielen die aktuellen Herausforderungen, Perspektiven und Lösungsansätze zur Ermöglichung dualer Karrieren von Athletinnen und Athleten auf.
Splendors of Quanzhou, Past and Present
by William N. BrownThis open access book explores the past and present of Quanzhou (Zayton) and the rich diversity and tolerance that kindled Quanzhou’s innovativeness and helped it prosper both commercially and culturally—values that are today being embraced by China’s global trade partners. Quanzhou (Zayton), Marco Polo’s port of departure and Columbus’ goal in China, was not only the start of the Maritime Silk Road and the Middle Age’s greatest port but also centuries ahead of its time in its tolerance and diversity. The fabled “City of Light” had 7 mosques for its 40,000 Muslims, some of whom served in government, as well as 3 Franciscan cathedrals funded in part by the emperor, Jewish synagogues, and centers for Nestorian Christians, Hindus, Taoists, Manicheans, Jains, etc. As Franciscan Bishop Andrew of Perugia wrote in 1322, “Tis a fact that in this vast empire, there are people of every nation under heaven, and every sect, and all and sundry are allowed to live freely according to their creed.” In 2021, UNESCO designated “Quanzhou, Emporium of the World,” as a world heritage site, and the city is now the hub of the Belt and Road Initiative, the 21st Century Silk Road, which was inspired by ancient Quanzhou.