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Bio-Based Plastics: Materials and Applications (Wiley Series in Renewable Resource)
by Christian StevensThe field of bio-based plastics has developed significantly in the last 10 years and there is increasing pressure on industries to shift existing materials production from petrochemicals to renewables. Bio-based Plastics presents an up-to-date overview of the basic and applied aspects of bioplastics, focusing primarily on thermoplastic polymers for material use. Emphasizing materials currently in use or with significant potential for future applications, this book looks at the most important biopolymer classes such as polysaccharides, lignin, proteins and polyhydroxyalkanoates as raw materials for bio-based plastics, as well as materials derived from bio-based monomers like lipids, poly(lactic acid), polyesters, polyamides and polyolefines. Detailed consideration is also given to the market and availability of renewable raw materials, the importance of bio-based content and the aspect of biodegradability. Topics covered include: Starch Cellulose and cellulose acetate Materials based on chitin and chitosan Lignin matrix composites from natural resources Polyhydroxyalkanoates Poly(lactic acid) Polyesters, Polyamides and Polyolefins from biomass derived monomers Protein-based plastics Bio-based Plastics is a valuable resource for academic and industrial researchers who are interested in new materials, renewable resources, sustainability and polymerization technology. It will also prove useful for advanced students interested in the development of bio-based products and materials, green and sustainable chemistry, polymer chemistry and materials science. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs
Bio-Based Polymers and Composites: Properties, Durability, and Applications
by Sabu Thomas Nandakumar Kalarikkal Amadou Belal Gueye Modou FallWhen applying human ingenuity and experience to natural resources and processes, scientists and researchers can maximize the potential of nature for human benefit. In that vein, this book explores the latest breakthroughs in natural biopolymers, green composites, and green nanocomposites, a field that is rapidly expanding. The volume looks at bio-based polymers and composites for environmental sustainability, such as in bioremediation and for wastewater treatment. It discusses natural polymers from waste products and considers the use of bio-based polymers and composites in fertilization in horticulture as well as in industry and construction, such as for recycling of concrete, for gas sensing applications for safety, for fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, etc.
Bio-Based Polymers and Composites: Properties, Durability, and Applications
When applying human ingenuity and experience to natural resources and processes, scientists and researchers can maximize the potential of nature for human benefit. In that vein, this book explores the latest breakthroughs in natural biopolymers, green composites, and green nanocomposites, a field that is rapidly expanding. The volume looks at bio-based polymers and composites for environmental sustainability, such as in bioremediation and for wastewater treatment. It discusses natural polymers from waste products and considers the use of bio-based polymers and composites in fertilization in horticulture as well as in industry and construction, such as for recycling of concrete, for gas sensing applications for safety, for fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, etc.
Bio-based Polymers and Nanocomposites: Preparation, Processing, Properties & Performance
by Muhammed Lamin Sanyang Mohammad JawaidThis book highlights the various types of polymer and nanocomposites that can be derived from biorenewable resources. It covers various aspects of biobased polymers and nanocomposites, including preparation, processing, properties, and performance, and the latest advances in these materials. It also includes recent findings from leading researchers in academia and industry, government, and private research laboratories around the globe, providing the latest information on biobased polymers and nanocomposites. Offering an overview of the entire production process, it guides readers through all stages, from the raw source materials, processing and property characterization to application performance. This book is suitable for professionals and researchers seeking in-depth practical information as well as the fundamental science behind this. It also serves as a point of reference for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers working in the area of polymer and composites with a special emphasis on biobased materials.
Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Yebo Li Xiaolan Luo Shengjun HuThis brief outlines the most recent advances in the production of polyols and polyurethanes from renewable resources, mainly vegetable oils, lignocellulosic biomass, starch, and protein. The typical processes for the production of polyols from each of the above mentioned feedstocks are introduced and the properties of the resultant polyols and polyurethanes are also discussed.
Bio-based Superabsorbents: Recent Trends, Types, Applications and Recycling (Engineering Materials)
by Sukanya Pradhan Smita MohantyThis book examines the synthetic approaches, properties, applications, and recyclability of bio-based superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in depth. It describes and compares bio-based SAPs with petro-based SAPs. Additionally, it explores the structure–property relationships of bio-based SAPs derived from various natural sources. The book covers current and emerging applications in health and hygiene products, agriculture, construction, and other areas. It also explores the recycling and reusing methods available for water recovery, pressure sensitive adhesives, etc. It discusses the issues behind the sharp increase in research attention, namely the prevailing research hotspots/clusters and suggestions with regard to present studies, works that have been significant and pivotal in the development of SAP research, and the current advances and future directions of research. It also presents the emerging applications of superabsorbent polymers.
Bio-based Wood Adhesives: Preparation, Characterization, and Testing
by Zhongqi HeAdhesive bonding plays an increasing role in the forest product industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have caused increasing environmental concern, natural product and byproduct-derived adhesives have attracted much attention in the last decades. Although adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved technical formulation of their preparation are still needed to promote their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to (1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts, (2) identify need areas and provide directions of future bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrating research findings in practical adhesive application for maximal benefits. This book covers information on a variety of natural products and byproducts and the latest research on formulation, testing and improvement of the relevant adhesives in fifteen chapters written by an international group of accomplished contributors. This book will serve as a valuable reference source for university faculty, graduate students, research scientists, agricultural and wood engineers, international organization advocators and government agency regulators who work and deal with enhanced utilization of agricultural and forest products and byproducts.
Bio-based Wood Adhesives: Preparation, Characterization, and Testing
by Zhongqi HeAdhesive bonding plays an increasing role in the forest product industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have caused increasing environmental concern, natural product and byproduct-derived adhesives have attracted much attention in the last decades. Although adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved technical formulation of their preparation are still needed to promote their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to (1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts, (2) identify need areas and provide directions of future bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrating research findings in practical adhesive application for maximal benefits. This book covers information on a variety of natural products and byproducts and the latest research on formulation, testing and improvement of the relevant adhesives in fifteen chapters written by an international group of accomplished contributors. This book will serve as a valuable reference source for university faculty, graduate students, research scientists, agricultural and wood engineers, international organization advocators and government agency regulators who work and deal with enhanced utilization of agricultural and forest products and byproducts.
Bio-Carrier Vectors: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2211)
by Kumaran NarayananThis detailed book explores techniques used in research efforts to adopt and combine the best capabilities from natural and artificial vector systems to assemble improved delivery technologies aimed for specific applications. The collection discusses vectors other than the traditional viral and non-viral systems and explores ideas for blending the best features of bacteria, nanoparticles, peptides, and hybrid systems for the delivery of biomaterials into cells, as well as a chapter on the application of shotgun proteomics and mass spectrometry as a tool to analyze the proteomic profile changes in cells that result from these interventions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Bio-Carrier Vectors: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers working toward harnessing the power of multiple vectors in gene and drug delivery.
Bio-Clean Energy Technologies: Volume 1 (Clean Energy Production Technologies)
by Pankaj Chowdhary Namita Khanna Soumya Pandit Rajesh KumarThis book discusses the latest advancements in the area of biofuel development. It covers extensive information regarding different aspects and types of biofuels. The book provides a road map of the various different kinds of biofuels available for consideration, including both conventional and advanced algal based biofuels, replete with the economic analysis of their production and implementation. The contributors are experienced professors, academicians and scientists associated with renowned laboratories and institutes in India and abroad. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, biofuel scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students. National and international scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.
Bio-Climatology for Built Environment
by Masanori ShukuyaIndoor climate is determined by rational lighting, heating, cooling and ventilating systems. For occupants' well-being it should be consistent with how regional outdoor climate works in the flow of radiation via four paths of heat transfer: radiation; convection; conduction; and evaporation. This book starts with the relationship between the human body and its immediate environmental space followed by a brief introduction of passive and active systems for indoor climate conditioning. The nature of light and heat is discussed with a focus on building envelope systems such as walls and windows, and then examined from the viewpoint of thermodynamics and human-biology. Some examples are given to enable a better understanding of luminous and thermal characteristics of our most immediate environment particularly for those professionally involved in environmental planning, designing, and engineering to know about bio-climatic design principle.
Bio-Climatology for Built Environment
by Masanori ShukuyaIndoor climate is determined by rational lighting, heating, cooling and ventilating systems. For occupants' well-being it should be consistent with how regional outdoor climate works in the flow of radiation via four paths of heat transfer: radiation; convection; conduction; and evaporation. This book starts with the relationship between the human body and its immediate environmental space followed by a brief introduction of passive and active systems for indoor climate conditioning. The nature of light and heat is discussed with a focus on building envelope systems such as walls and windows, and then examined from the viewpoint of thermodynamics and human-biology. Some examples are given to enable a better understanding of luminous and thermal characteristics of our most immediate environment particularly for those professionally involved in environmental planning, designing, and engineering to know about bio-climatic design principle.
Bio/CMOS Interfaces and Co-Design
by Sandro CarraraThe application of CMOS circuits and ASIC VLSI systems to problems in medicine and system biology has led to the emergence of Bio/CMOS Interfaces and Co-Design as an exciting and rapidly growing area of research. The mutual inter-relationships between VLSI-CMOS design and the biophysics of molecules interfacing with silicon and/or onto metals has led to the emergence of the interdisciplinary engineering approach to Bio/CMOS interfaces. This new approach, facilitated by 3D circuit design and nanotechnology, has resulted in new concepts and applications for VLSI systems in the bio-world. This book offers an invaluable reference to the state-of-the-art in Bio/CMOS interfaces. It describes leading-edge research in the field of CMOS design and VLSI development for applications requiring integration of biological molecules onto the chip. It provides multidisciplinary content ranging from biochemistry to CMOS design in order to address Bio/CMOS interface co-design in bio-sensing applications.
Bio/CMOS Interfaces and Co-Design
by Sandro CarraraThis textbook demonstrates new paradigms for the interface between CMOS circuits and the biological world. A deep theoretical description of such an interface is defined and discussed, while various real applications are demonstrated by also discussing several analog CMOS circuits. Electrochemical techniques are proposed in detail to learn how to design integrated biosensors. Biological materials are described to provide devices selectivity. Nanoscale materials are discussed to provide device sensitivity. CMOS circuits are analyzed to provide real applications. Extensive examples with solutions are provided, as well as exercises at the end of each chapter. This book introduces students to the state-of-the-art in Bio/CMOS interfaces, describing leading-edge research in CMOS design and VLSI development for applications requiring intimate integration of biological molecules onto the chip. It provides multidisciplinary content ranging from biochemistry to CMOS design in order to address Bio/CMOS interface co-design in biosensing applications.
Bio-Electrochemical Systems: Waste Valorization and Waste Biorefinery
by Kuppam ChandrasekharThis book addresses electro-fermentation for biofuel production and generation of high-value chemicals and biofuels using organic wastes. It covers the use of microbial biofilm and algae-based bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for bioremediation and co-generation of valuable chemicals, including their practical applications. It explains BES design, integrated approaches to enhance process efficiency, and scaling-up technology for waste remediation, bio-electrogenesis, and resource recovery from wastewater. Features: Provides information regarding bioelectrochemical systems, mediated value-added chemical synthesis, and waste remediation and resource recovery approaches. Covers the use of microbial biofilm and algae-based bioelectrochemical systems for bioremediation and co-generation of valuable chemicals. Explains waste-to-energy related concepts to treat industrial effluents along with bioenergy generation. Deals with various engineering approaches for chemicals production in eco-friendly manner. Discusses emerging electro-fermentation technology. This book is aimed at senior undergraduates and researchers in industrial biotechnology, environmental science, civil engineering, chemical engineering, bioenergy and biofuels, and wastewater treatment.
Bio-Electrochemical Systems: Waste Valorization and Waste Biorefinery
by Kuppam Chandrasekhar Satya Eswari JujjavarapuThis book addresses electro-fermentation for biofuel production and generation of high-value chemicals and biofuels using organic wastes. It covers the use of microbial biofilm and algae-based bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for bioremediation and co-generation of valuable chemicals, including their practical applications. It explains BES design, integrated approaches to enhance process efficiency, and scaling-up technology for waste remediation, bio-electrogenesis, and resource recovery from wastewater. Features: Provides information regarding bioelectrochemical systems, mediated value-added chemical synthesis, and waste remediation and resource recovery approaches. Covers the use of microbial biofilm and algae-based bioelectrochemical systems for bioremediation and co-generation of valuable chemicals. Explains waste-to-energy related concepts to treat industrial effluents along with bioenergy generation. Deals with various engineering approaches for chemicals production in eco-friendly manner. Discusses emerging electro-fermentation technology. This book is aimed at senior undergraduates and researchers in industrial biotechnology, environmental science, civil engineering, chemical engineering, bioenergy and biofuels, and wastewater treatment.
Bio-Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials: Mechanical, Thermal and Tribological Properties (Composites Science and Technology)
by K. Palanikumar Rajmohan Thiagarajan B. LathaThis book provides an overview on the latest technology and applications of bio-based fiber composite materials. It covers the mechanical and thermal properties of bio-fibers for polymeric resins and explains the different pre-treatment methods used by the researchers for the enhancement. In addition, this book also presents a complete analysis on the tribological behavior of bio-fiber reinforced polymer composites to appreciate the friction and wear behavior. This book would be a handy to the industrial practitioners and researchers in the direction of achieving optimum design for the components made of natural fiber based polymer matrix composites.
Bio#Futures: Foreseeing and Exploring the Bioeconomy
by Emmanuel Koukios Anna Sacio-SzymańskaThis volume presents a timely recognition, warning and mapping of the fast approaching wave, or “bio-tsunami”, of global socio-technical transformation, built by a much wider spectrum of converging powers, including biotechnology, new agriculture, novel foods, health, quality of life, environment, energy, sustainability, education, knowledge management, and design of smart applications. The book contains eight sections corresponding to different clusters of bioeconomic and socio-technical change, as identified by the editors’ “Scanning the Horizon” foresight research; it also offers an integrated view of the future bioeconomy landscape though the convergence of several technologies that affect everyday life. The clusters offer methodologies for forecasting the future bioeconomy, and how these predictions can affect target-setting and the orientation of policies and actions to manage cultural and societal change, and achieve sustainable development in less developed areas. The book will be of interest to researchers, producers, logistics experts, policy makers, regulators, business and financial institutions, and biotechnologists (e.g. geneticists, food experts, etc.).
Bio-Imaging: Principles, Techniques, and Applications
by Rajagopal VadivambalHighlights the Emergence of Image Processing in Food and AgricultureIn addition to uses specifically related to health and other industries, biological imaging is now being used for a variety of applications in food and agriculture. Bio-Imaging: Principles, Techniques, and Applications fully details and outlines the processes of bio-imaging applica
Bio-Imaging and Visualization for Patient-Customized Simulations (Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics #13)
by João Manuel R. S. Tavares Xiongbiao Luo Shuo LiThis book contains the full papers presented at the MICCAI 2013 workshop Bio-Imaging and Visualization for Patient-Customized Simulations (MWBIVPCS 2013). MWBIVPCS 2013 brought together researchers representing several fields, such as Biomechanics, Engineering, Medicine, Mathematics, Physics and Statistic.The contributions included in this book present and discuss new trends in those fields, using several methods and techniques, including the finite element method, similarity metrics, optimization processes, graphs, hidden Markov models, sensor calibration, fuzzy logic, data mining, cellular automation, active shape models, template matching and level sets. These serve as tools to address more efficiently different and timely applications involving signal and image acquisition, image processing and analysis, image segmentation, image registration and fusion, computer simulation, image based modelling, simulation and surgical planning, image guided robot assisted surgical and image based diagnosis.This book will appeal to researchers, PhD students and graduate students with multidisciplinary interests related to the areas of medical imaging, image processing and analysis, computer vision, image segmentation, image registration and fusion, scientific data visualization and image based modeling and simulation.
Bio-informatique moléculaire: Une approche algorithmique (Collection IRIS)
by Pavel A. PevznerCet ouvrage est la traduction française d'un texte désormais considéré comme une référence dans le domaine émergent de la bio-informatique moléculaire. Pavel A. Pevzner y traite des cartes génétiques, du problème de comparaison de séquences et d'alignement en passant par les puces à ADN et le réarrangement génomique. Il couvre ainsi une grande variété de thèmes relatifs aux traitements algorithmiques et combinatoires de questions issues de la bioinformatique moléculaire et de la biotechnologie. Évitant, dans la mesure du possible, les considérations théoriques et les formules complexes, l'exposé privilégie la présentation des notions de biologie et d'algorithmique qui interviennent de manière fondamentale dans les méthodes étudiées. Le contenu de cet ouvrage devient donc accessible aux spécialistes de l'informatique qui n'ont pas de formation spécifique en biologie comme aux biologistes ayant des connaissances limitées en informatique.
Bio-inspired Algorithms for Data Streaming and Visualization, Big Data Management, and Fog Computing (Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing)
by Simon James Fong Richard C. MillhamThis book aims to provide some insights into recently developed bio-inspired algorithms within recent emerging trends of fog computing, sentiment analysis, and data streaming as well as to provide a more comprehensive approach to the big data management from pre-processing to analytics to visualization phases. The subject area of this book is within the realm of computer science, notably algorithms (meta-heuristic and, more particularly, bio-inspired algorithms). Although application domains of these new algorithms may be mentioned, the scope of this book is not on the application of algorithms to specific or general domains but to provide an update on recent research trends for bio-inspired algorithms within a specific application domain or emerging area. These areas include data streaming, fog computing, and phases of big data management. One of the reasons for writing this book is that the bio-inspired approach does not receive much attention but shows considerable promise and diversity in terms of approach of many issues in big data and streaming. Some novel approaches of this book are the use of these algorithms to all phases of data management (not just a particular phase such as data mining or business intelligence as many books focus on); effective demonstration of the effectiveness of a selected algorithm within a chapter against comparative algorithms using the experimental method. Another novel approach is a brief overview and evaluation of traditional algorithms, both sequential and parallel, for use in data mining, in order to provide an overview of existing algorithms in use. This overview complements a further chapter on bio-inspired algorithms for data mining to enable readers to make a more suitable choice of algorithm for data mining within a particular context. In all chapters, references for further reading are provided, and in selected chapters, the author also include ideas for future research.
Bio-inspired Algorithms for Engineering
by Alma Y. Alanis Nancy Arana-Daniel Carlos Lopez-FrancoBio-inspired Algorithms for Engineering builds a bridge between the proposed bio-inspired algorithms developed in the past few decades and their applications in real-life problems, not only in an academic context, but also in the real world. The book proposes novel algorithms to solve real-life, complex problems, combining well-known bio-inspired algorithms with new concepts, including both rigorous analyses and unique applications. It covers both theoretical and practical methodologies, allowing readers to learn more about the implementation of bio-inspired algorithms. This book is a useful resource for both academic and industrial engineers working on artificial intelligence, robotics, machine learning, vision, classification, pattern recognition, identification and control.Presents real-time implementation and simulation results for all the proposed schemes Offers a comparative analysis and rigorous analysis of the convergence of proposed algorithmsProvides a guide for implementing each application at the end of each chapterIncludes illustrations, tables and figures that facilitate the reader’s comprehension of the proposed schemes and applications
Bio-inspired Algorithms for the Vehicle Routing Problem (Studies in Computational Intelligence #161)
by Francisco Baptista Pereira Jorge TavaresThe vehicle routing problem (VRP) is one of the most famous combinatorial optimization problems. In simple terms, the goal is to determine a set of routes with overall minimum cost that can satisfy several geographical scattered - mands. A ?eet of vehicles located in one or more depots is available to ful?ll the requests. A large number of variants exist, adding di?erent constraints to the original de?nition. Some examples are related to the number of depots, the ordering for visiting the customers or to time windows specifying a desirable period to arrive to a given location. The original version of this problem was proposed by Dantzig and Ramser in 1959 [1]. In their seminal paper, the authors address the calculation of a set of optimal routes for a ?eet of gasoline delivery trucks. Since then, the VRP has attractedtheattentionofalargenumberofresearchers.Aconsiderablepartofits success is a consequence of its practical interest, as it resembles many real-world problems faced everyday by distribution and transportation companies, just to mention a few applications areas. In this context, the development of e?cient optimization techniques is crucial. They are able to provide new and enhanced solutionstologisticoperations,andmaythereforeleadtoasubstantialreduction in costs for companies. Additionally, and from a research oriented perspective, the VRP is a challenging NP-hard problem providing excellent benchmarks to access the e?ciency of new global optimization algorithms.
Bio-Inspired Algorithms in PID Controller Optimization (Intelligent Signal Processing and Data Analysis)
by Jagatheesan Kallannan Anand Baskaran Nilanjan Dey Amira S. AshourThis book discusses in-depth role of optimization to optimize the controller parameters with reference to bio-inspired algorithms. Comparative studies to evaluate the performance of different optimization techniques in terms of the settling time, overshoot and undershoot responses of the frequency deviations, tie-line power flow deviations, and the area control error are included, supported by examples. The book also includes different scenarios of the load frequency controller for single area as well as multi-area thermal power generating unit considering different algorithms. Key Features: Highlights the importance of tuning the power system controller parameters with emphasis on bio-inspiration algorithms Provides some applied applications/examples of the thermal power system Focusses on power system applications based on the optimization algorithms with different single area and multi-area thermal power systems Reports different cases on the interconnected power systems with providing optimal performance by optimizing the controller’s parameters