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Biofungicides: Types and Applications, Volume 1

The current volume focuses on all the major concerns associated with the biofungicides and provides comprehensive knowledge of microbial and phytochemical fungicides, bioformulations, regulation as well as limitation of biofungicides, and their role in disease management in plants. The use of biofungicides as eco-friendly alternative to traditional synthetic fungicides is likely to play a major role in organic farming in the future.

Biofungicides: Novel Sources and Mechanisms, Volume 2

The current volume focuses on novel sources of biofungicides, primarily providing complete knowledge of microbial and phytochemical fungicides, studying antifungal activity mechanisms as well as their role in disease management in plants, and fungicide bioremediation. The use of biofungicides as eco-friendly alternative to typical synthetic fungicides is projected to play a significant role in organic farming in the future.Key Features: Discovers novel sources of biofungicides Describes the role of biofungicides in the control of plant diseases Studies antifungal activity mechanisms Explores how to survey and select promising biofungicides

Biofungicides: Novel Sources and Mechanisms, Volume 2

The current volume focuses on novel sources of biofungicides, primarily providing complete knowledge of microbial and phytochemical fungicides, studying antifungal activity mechanisms as well as their role in disease management in plants, and fungicide bioremediation. The use of biofungicides as eco-friendly alternative to typical synthetic fungicides is projected to play a significant role in organic farming in the future.Key Features: Discovers novel sources of biofungicides Describes the role of biofungicides in the control of plant diseases Studies antifungal activity mechanisms Explores how to survey and select promising biofungicides

Biofunktionalität der Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffe (Springer-Lehrbuch)

Funktionelle Lebensmittel wirken nachweisbar stärker positiv auf die menschliche Gesundheit als normale. Das erste Lehrbuch zum Thema behandelt systematisch die Organfunktionen des Körpers und zeigt die Methoden, mit denen eine präventive Wirkung nachgewiesen werden kann. „Steckbriefe“ aller relevanten Klassen von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen und deren Wirksamkeit bieten einen guten Überblick. Ergänzt wird das mit Abbildungen und Themenboxen anschaulich gestaltete Nachschlagewerk für Studenten und Lebensmittelexperten durch zahlreiche Fallbeispiele.

Biogas – ein Taschenbuch für die Erzeugerpraxis: Erzeugerwissen, Aufbereitung und Vermarktung

Dieses Buch hilft bei der Entscheidungsfindung zur Verwertung von Biogas. Ausgehend von den verschiedenen Gasreinigungsprozessen wird der Prozess der weiteren Verwertung beschrieben. Das betrifft zum einen die Kompression zu Bio-CNG und zum anderen die Verflüssigung zu Bio-LNG. Die Prozesse werden technisch wie betriebswirtschaftlich und unter ökologischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt. Unterschiedliche Substrate zur Biogaserzeugung sowie passende Wertschöpfungsketten sind beschrieben. Ein eigener Abschnitt ist der Anlagensicherheit und der Personalschulung gewidmet. So sind sowohl die bisher konventionellen Aufbereitungsverfahren erläutert als auch die Einsatzgebiete der nach der Aufbereitung erhaltenen Produkte Methan (CH4) und Kohlendioxid (CO2) vorgestellt und bewertet worden.

Biogas Combustion Engines for Green Energy Generation (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

This book deals with the combustion and exhaust emissions of gas engines fueled with green biogas. Biogas is a mixture of gases, primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, food waste, etc. Biogas is considered to be a renewable source of energy. Therefore, it can contribute to the prevention of global warming.The biogas engine is used to co-generate electricity by operating engine and heat from hot exhaust gases. The energy source used very efficiently. Unlike other green energy sources such as wind and solar, biogas is readily available when needed.This book first describes the basics of biogas and its application to internal combustion engines. Next, it describes the engine system and the combustion phenomena in the engine cylinder. Engine technology continues to advance in spark ignition and dual-fuel engines to achieve higher thermal efficiency and lower harmful emissions. Several advanced combustion technologies are introduced to achieve higher thermal efficiency while avoiding knocking.

Biogas Energy (SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science #2)

In recent years, the importance of biogas energy has risen manifold and has become universal. This is due to the realization that biogas capture and utilization has great potential in controlling global warming. By capturing biogas wherever it is formed, we not only tap a source of clean energy, but we also prevent the escape of methane to the atmosphere. Given that methane has 25 times greater global warming potential than CO2, methane capture through biogas energy in this manner can contribute substantially towards global warming control.

Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction

The leading book on the market just got better: With its unique approach covering all aspects of setting up and running a biogas plant, this new edition has been expanded to include recent advances in biomass processing. The author is a key player in the field, who has designed numerous small- and industrial-scale biogas plants, and who is also a long-time lecturer on biogas production, thus combining didactical skill with real-life expertise. As such, he covers both the biological and technical aspects of biogas generation. The full range of biogas substrates and processing modes is explained, from agricultural and industrial waste to marine algae and sediment. On-site use of biogas for conversion into electricity, fuel and heat is also discussed, as are safety and regulatory issues. Many real-life examples of European biogas plants already in operation illustrate the contents, as do numerous schemes, diagrams and summary tables. For this new edition, biogas analytics and quality control required for feeding biogas into natural gas networks are included, as is a completely new chapter on the microbiology of biogas-producing bacterial communities.

Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction

The leading book on the market just got better: With its unique approach covering all aspects of setting up and running a biogas plant, this new edition has been expanded to include recent advances in biomass processing. The author is a key player in the field, who has designed numerous small- and industrial-scale biogas plants, and who is also a long-time lecturer on biogas production, thus combining didactical skill with real-life expertise. As such, he covers both the biological and technical aspects of biogas generation. The full range of biogas substrates and processing modes is explained, from agricultural and industrial waste to marine algae and sediment. On-site use of biogas for conversion into electricity, fuel and heat is also discussed, as are safety and regulatory issues. Many real-life examples of European biogas plants already in operation illustrate the contents, as do numerous schemes, diagrams and summary tables. For this new edition, biogas analytics and quality control required for feeding biogas into natural gas networks are included, as is a completely new chapter on the microbiology of biogas-producing bacterial communities.

Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction

Written as a practical introduction to biogas plant design and operation, this book fills a huge gap by presenting a systematic guide to this emerging technology -- information otherwise only available in poorly intelligible reports by US governmental and other official agencies. The author draws on teaching material from a university course as well as a wide variety of industrial biogas projects he has been involved with, thus combining didactical skill with real-life examples. Alongside biological and technical aspects of biogas generation, this timely work also looks at safety and legal aspects as well as environmental considerations.

Biogas Production: Pretreatment Methods in Anaerobic Digestion

This volume covers the most cutting-edge pretreatment processes being used and studied today for the production of biogas during anaerobic digestion processes using different feedstocks, in the most efficient and economical methods possible. As an increasingly important piece of the "energy pie," biogas and other biofuels are being used more and more around the world in every conceivable area of industry and could be a partial answer to the energy problem and the elimination of global warming.

Biogas Production: Pretreatment Methods in Anaerobic Digestion

This volume covers the most cutting-edge pretreatment processes being used and studied today for the production of biogas during anaerobic digestion processes using different feedstocks, in the most efficient and economical methods possible. As an increasingly important piece of the "energy pie," biogas and other biofuels are being used more and more around the world in every conceivable area of industry and could be a partial answer to the energy problem and the elimination of global warming.

Biogas Systems in China

This book derives an explicit analytical pattern (or framework) that permits the examination and optimization of biogas production systems. It provides a concise overview of the current status of biogas and biogas coupled agricultural systems in China, and introduces evaluation methods for energy efficiency, environmental emissions, economic performance and sustainability assessment approaches. Based on empirical studies, it also explores future options for the system development by focusing on emissions mitigation, biogas energy efficiency and system sustainability. Systematic methods of life cycle assessment and thermodynamic analysis may provide new angles for biogas system evaluation. The system discussed is not only a biogas producer, but also a biogas-linked ecological agricultural system, which has the potential to broaden the applicable scopes of renewable energy and eco-agricultural management. The comprehensive, in-depth knowledge and experience presented provide new analytical approaches for researchers in relevant fields and shed light on the construction and operation of emerging anaerobic digestion and biogas industries. This book is a valuable resource for researchers focusing on biogas system modeling, project managers and policymakers.

Biogas Technology

This book focuses on agricultural waste treatment and renewable energy production from the perspective of anaerobic digestion. It covers topics on anaerobic digestion processes and practices in various types of biogas plant construction and management and systematically addresses the principle and main features of three kinds of anaerobic digestion systems: household digesters, biogas septic tanks, and biogas plants. Instructive, informative and easy to understand, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers, technicians, graduate students and managerial personnel working in the areas of renewable energy, agricultural ecological engineering and the treatment and utilization of agricultural wastes.

Biogas Technology in Nigeria

This book provides comprehensive and simplified coverage of fundamentals of biogas such as production, purification, storage, methods of improving yield and utilization, types, construction, design and operation of biogas plants. It covers stepwise design and a manual for construction of biogas plants including a planning guide, profitability analysis and evaluation of biogas plants. The biogas energy profile in Nigeria is exclusively covered. Features: Explores planning for biogas plants as a pre-requisite to develop a functional plant balancing energy production and consumption. Gives out detailed provision of the types of substances that are and can be used for biogas production covering animal, municipal, and industrial wastes. Provides knowledge for aspiring biogas producers as well as decision makers, specifically in the context of Nigeria. Covers use of digestrate for anaerobic digestion as a waste treatment method and on the input (feedstock) to the biogas plant. Compares carbon dioxide emissions from biogas plants with fossil fuel plants. This book aims at Graduate Students and Researchers in Agricultural, Environmental, Chemical, Civil and Energy engineering and related professional audience.

Biogas Technology in Nigeria

This book provides comprehensive and simplified coverage of fundamentals of biogas such as production, purification, storage, methods of improving yield and utilization, types, construction, design and operation of biogas plants. It covers stepwise design and a manual for construction of biogas plants including a planning guide, profitability analysis and evaluation of biogas plants. The biogas energy profile in Nigeria is exclusively covered. Features: Explores planning for biogas plants as a pre-requisite to develop a functional plant balancing energy production and consumption. Gives out detailed provision of the types of substances that are and can be used for biogas production covering animal, municipal, and industrial wastes. Provides knowledge for aspiring biogas producers as well as decision makers, specifically in the context of Nigeria. Covers use of digestrate for anaerobic digestion as a waste treatment method and on the input (feedstock) to the biogas plant. Compares carbon dioxide emissions from biogas plants with fossil fuel plants. This book aims at Graduate Students and Researchers in Agricultural, Environmental, Chemical, Civil and Energy engineering and related professional audience.

Biogas Technology in Southeast Asia (Green Energy and Technology)

This book on biogas is about the production and use of biogas with an emphasis on the raw materials and processes suitable for use in Southeast Asia. It is a gas formed when organic matter decomposes in an anaerobic digestion process. It can be made from any organic substance but the most economic are organic products from waste such as agricultural or general household waste, sewage, manure, municipal waste or food waste. As this raw material can be renewed indefinitely, biogas produced from it, is considered a renewable energy source. Worldwide interest in renewable energy sources is gathering momentum especially as concern for climate change mounts. Biogas generation helps reduce reliance on the use of fossil fuels. Producing biogas through biodigestion is non-polluting as there is no combustion or energy addition especially in the warmer climes of Southeast Asia. In this region, poorly managed landfills allow toxic liquids to drain into underground water sources. If instead, these wastes were used in a biogas plant, water pollution would be reduced. The same argument could be made for the local air quality. Therefore, biogas generation, in addition to producing renewable energy, also improves local water and air quality. The solid end-waste product of the biogas generation process is enriched natural organic matter (digestate), which can be substituted for chemical fertilizers, providing another environmental benefit to biogas. This book is primarily concerned with the production of biogas. From the raw material pre-treatment to the reactor design and operation to the post-treatment system, this book covers all aspects of production. There are many types of biogas reactors, each with their own advantages. Which reactor to select depends on the type and quantity of raw material, land area available and climate, among other factors. This book provides information on selecting and operating a suitable biogas system for interested parties be they governmental, NGO’s, private companies or individuals. Biogas contains primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). It may also contain small quantities of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes. Extracting the methane from all other gases is called biogas upgrading and the output is then referred to as biomethane. These upgrading processes are not the subject of this book as they are already the subject of a previously published book.

Biogene Arzneistoffe: Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Pharmazeutischen Biologie, Phytochemie und Phytotherapie

Biogenic Nano-Particles and their Use in Agro-ecosystems

Several nano-scale devices have emerged that are capable of analysing plant diseases, nutrient deficiencies and any other ailments that may affect food security in agro-ecosystems. It has been envisioned that smart delivery systems can be developed and utilised for better management of agricultural ecosystems. These systems could exhibit beneficial, multi-functional characteristics, which could be used to assess and also control habitat-imposed stresses to crops.Nanoparticle-mediated smart delivery systems can control the delivery of nutrients or bioactive and/or pesticide molecules in plants. It has been suggested that nano-particles in plants might help determine their nutrient status and could also be used as cures in agro-ecosystems. Further, to enhance soil and crop productivity, nanotechnology has been used to create and deliver nano fertilizers, which can be defined as nano-particles that directly help supply nutrients for plant growth and soil productivity. Nano-particles can be absorbed onto clay networks, leading to improved soil health and more efficient nutrient use by crops. Additionally, fertilizer particles can be coated with nano-particles that facilitate slow and steady release of nutrients, reducing loss of nutrients and enhancing their efficiency in agri-crops. Although the use of nanotechnology in agro-ecosystems is still in its early stages and needs to be developed further, nano-particle-mediated delivery systems are promising solutions for the successful management of agri-ecosystems. In this context, the book offers insights into nanotechnology in agro-ecosystems with reference to biogenic nanoparticles. It highlights the: • occurrence and diversity of Biogenic Nanoparticles• mechanistic approach involved in the synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles• synthesis of nanoparticles using photo-activation, and their fate in the soil ecosystem• potential applications of nanoparticles in agricultural systems• application and biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their characterization• impact of biogenic nanoparticles on biotic stress to plants• mechanistic approaches involved in the antimicrobial effects and cytotoxicity of biogenic nanoparticles• role of biogenic nanoparticles in plant diseases management• relevance of biological synthesized nanoparticles in the longevity of agricultural crops • design and synthesis of nano-biosensors for monitoring pollutants in water, soil and plant systems• applications of nanotechnology in agriculture with special refer to soil, water and plant sciencesA useful resource for postgraduate and research students in the field of plant and agricultural sciences, it is also of interest to researchers working in nano and biotechnology.

Biogenic Nanomaterials for Environmental Sustainability: Principles, Practices, and Opportunities (Environmental Science and Engineering)

Environmental pollution is a worldwide concern now. A major section of the world population is struggling for drinking water. Polluted soil is resulting into low agricultural productivity and thus creating challenges in the way of sustainable livelihood of a large section of human population. Biological treatment can offer both green solutions for wastewater treatment and resource recovery as well. Like algal-based systems can be utilized for wastewater treatment and production of biofuels from the biomass grown on the wastewater. Bio-based nanomaterials have been extensively studied for their employability in the health care, process optimization, water resource management, dealing with environmental pollutants, biosensors, and many others. Bioprospecting of novel biological agents, bio-based products, and bioresource recovery are paving the way for sustainable development as they are providing local solutions for a number of problems.In this proposed book, we start with the introduction to bio-nanotechnological principles and later on discuss bio-based nanomaterials employability for a diverse range of applications from environment to energy to health care. This book provides with current trends in bio-nanotechnology for anthropogonic purposes, prospects, challenges, and way forward.

Biogenic—Abiogenic Interactions in Natural and Anthropogenic Systems: Abiogenic Interactions In Natural And Anthropogenic Systems (Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences)

This book offers a collection of papers presented at the V International Symposium "Biogenic - abiogenic interactions in natural and anthropogenic systems" that was held from 20-22 October 2014 in Saint Petersburg (Russia). Papers in this book cover a wide range of topics connected with interactions between biogenic and abiogenic components in the lithosphere, biosphere and technosphere. The main topics include: biomineralization in geosystems, geochemistry of biogenic-abiogenic systems, biomineral interactions in soil, minerals in living organisms and biomimetic materials, medical geology, bioweathering and destruction of cultural heritage.

Biogenic—Abiogenic Interactions in Natural and Anthropogenic Systems 2022 (Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences)

The book represents a collection of papers presented at VII International Symposium "Biogenic-abiogenic interactions in natural and anthropogenic systems" that was held on 26-29 September 2022 in Saint Petersburg (Russia). Papers in this book cover a wide range of topics connecting with interactions between biogenic and abiogenic components in lithosphere, biosphere and technosphere. The main regarding topics are following: biomineralization in living organisms and nature-like materials; biomineralization in geosystems; geochemistry of biogenic-abiogenic systems; biomineral interactions in soil; interaction of microorganisms with natural and artificial materials; medical geology; philosophical aspects of interdisciplinary researchs

Biogeochemical Cycle of Mercury in Reservoir Systems in Wujiang River Basin, Southwest China

This book presents an intensive study on the biogeochemical cycle of mercury in a river-reservoir system in Wujiang River Basin, the upper branch of the Yangtze River. Six reservoirs located in the mainstream of the Wujiang River and their corresponding inflow/outflow rivers were selected for inclusion in this study, which was conducted by researchers from the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The concentration and distribution of Hg in reservoirs (the water column, sediment, sediment pore water), inflow/outflow rivers of reservoirs, and wet deposition in Wujiang River Basin were systematically investigated, and measurements were taken of the water/air exchange flux of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM). On the basis of the data gathered, a detailed mass balance of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the six reservoirs was developed. In addition, the book identifies the primary factors controlling Hg methylation in the river-reservoir system in Wujiang River Basin. The accumulation and bio-magnification of Hg species within food chains in reservoirs and human health risk of MeHg exposure through fish consumption are also included in this book.

Biogeochemical Monitoring in Small Catchments: Refereed papers from BIOGEOMON, The Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour: Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments held in Prague, Czech Republic, September 18–20, 1993

This Special Issue of Water, Air and Soil Pollution offers original contributions from BIOGEOMON, an international symposium on ecosystem behavior and the evaluation of integrated monitoring of small catchments, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in September 1993. The meeting attracted nearly 200 scientists from 27 countries on five continents. BIOGEOMON was a loose continuation of another international meeting, GEOMON, which was held in Prague in 1987. Both sym­ posia provided a forum for the discussion of ideas on environmental problems in western and eastern Europe, with important contributions from the American continent. With the dramatic collapse of the iron curtain, it was our hope that more so than GEOMON, BIOGEOMON would provide opportunities for the free exchange of ideas, fostering the development of research collaborations between its participants. With international openness comes the increasing realization that every indus­ trialized nation has its own legacy of environmental degradation. Anthropogenic impacts differ in severity and scale; air and water transport of pollutants transform local impacts into regional and global ones, ignoring political boundaries and eco­ nomic differences. Environmental consequences of anthropogenic activities often are detectable at the ecosystem level. Thus, the challenge of ecosystem science, and to the individuals who practice it, is to develop a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem function in the past and at present, and to apply such understanding toward minimizing future insults to the local, regional, and global environment.

Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem

About 15 years ago we began the Hubbard Brook Ecosys­ tem Study with the development of an ecosystem model and the conception of a method whereby some major parameters of the model could be directly measured under field conditions. The method, called "the small watershed technique," allowed measurement of input and output of chemicals and the construction of ecosystem nutrient bud­ gets. Although the Hubbard Brook study of nutrient cycling originated with ideas developed by F. H. Bormann and G. E. Likens, its early growth was aided by the remaining authors of this volume-Robert Pierce, forest hydrologist; Noye Johnson, geochemist; and John Eaton, forest ecologist. Donald W. Fisher of the United States Geological Survey also cooperated in the early phases of the project and provided numerous data on the chemistry of precipitation and stream water. Particular credit is due the United States Forest Service, whose scientists chose the Hubbard Brook Valley as a hydrologic study site, selected particular watersheds for intensive measurement, carried out a variety of basic hydrologic studies, and in general cooperated with us in many ways to make the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study a reality. The initial part of the ecosystem study was concerned primarily with nutrient flux and cycling and it was done slowly and deliberately. The entire effort during the first few years of study was carried forward by three of us at vi Preface Dartmouth College with the cooperation of the United States Forest Service.