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Flexible Mechanisms for an Efficient Climate Policy: Cost Saving Policies and Business Opportunities (ZEW Economic Studies #11)

In the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, industrialized countries agreed on binding absolute targets for greenhouse gas emissions and on the admission of flexible market-economy instruments - such as emissions trading, joint implementation and the clean development mechanism - used for reaching the targets. The contributions in this volume reveal that flexible instruments can lower the costs of climate protection considerably - not only in theory, but also in practice. Concerning implementation, it will be necessary to take care of possible loopholes, uncertainties and transaction costs which may be too high if no proper design is chosen.

Flexible Metal Forming Technologies: Principles, Process and Equipment (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)

This book systematically introduces the principles of flexible forming technologies to manufacture thin-walled complex-shaped components, the mechanism of controlling the material flow, the design and the configuration of flexible forming technologies’ equipment and tools. It covers new technologies and new processes for forming hollow components, and relevant research on forming mechanisms, deformation laws, and defect control with examples from practical applications. It will be a useful reference for researchers, engineers, graduate and undergraduate students in aerospace, nuclear, railway, vehicle and petrochemical engineering, etc.

Flexible Montage von Leitungssätzen mit Industrierobotern (IPA-IAO - Forschung und Praxis #160)

Flexible Montagesysteme-Konzeption und Feinplanung durch Kombination von Elementen: Konzeption und Feinplanung durch Kombination von Elementen (IPA-IAO - Forschung und Praxis #85)

Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Efficient Formulations with Applications

This book demonstrates how to formulate the equations of mechanical systems. Providing methods of analysis of complex mechanical systems, the book has a clear focus on efficiency, equipping the reader with knowledge of algorithms that provide accurate results in reduced simulation time. The book uses Kane’s method due to its efficiency, and the simple resulting equations it produces in comparison to other methods and extends it with algorithms such as order-n. Kane’s method compensates for the errors of premature linearization, which are often inherent within vibrations modes found in a great deal of public domain software. Describing how to build mathematical models of multibody systems with elastic components, the book applies this to systems such as construction cranes, trailers, helicopters, spacecraft, tethered satellites, and underwater vehicles. It also looks at topics such as vibration, rocket dynamics, simulation of beams, deflection, and matrix formulation. Flexible Multibody Dynamics will be of interest to students in mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, applied mechanics and dynamics. It will also be of interest to industry professionals in aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering and construction engineering.

Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Efficient Formulations with Applications

This book demonstrates how to formulate the equations of mechanical systems. Providing methods of analysis of complex mechanical systems, the book has a clear focus on efficiency, equipping the reader with knowledge of algorithms that provide accurate results in reduced simulation time. The book uses Kane’s method due to its efficiency, and the simple resulting equations it produces in comparison to other methods and extends it with algorithms such as order-n. Kane’s method compensates for the errors of premature linearization, which are often inherent within vibrations modes found in a great deal of public domain software. Describing how to build mathematical models of multibody systems with elastic components, the book applies this to systems such as construction cranes, trailers, helicopters, spacecraft, tethered satellites, and underwater vehicles. It also looks at topics such as vibration, rocket dynamics, simulation of beams, deflection, and matrix formulation. Flexible Multibody Dynamics will be of interest to students in mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, applied mechanics and dynamics. It will also be of interest to industry professionals in aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering and construction engineering.

Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Efficient Formulations and Applications

Arun K. Banerjee is one of the foremost experts in the world on the subject of flexible multibody dynamics. This book describes how to build mathermatical models of multibody systems with elastic components. Examples of such systems include the human body itself, construction cranes, cares with trailers, helicopers, spacecraft deploying antennas, tethered satellites, and underwater maneuvering vehicles. This book provides methods of analysis of complex mechanical systems that can be simulated in less computer time than other methods. It equips the reader with knowledge of algorithms that provide accurate results in reduced simulation time.

Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Efficient Formulations and Applications

Arun K. Banerjee is one of the foremost experts in the world on the subject of flexible multibody dynamics. This book describes how to build mathermatical models of multibody systems with elastic components. Examples of such systems include the human body itself, construction cranes, cares with trailers, helicopers, spacecraft deploying antennas, tethered satellites, and underwater maneuvering vehicles. This book provides methods of analysis of complex mechanical systems that can be simulated in less computer time than other methods. It equips the reader with knowledge of algorithms that provide accurate results in reduced simulation time.

Flexible Multibody Dynamics (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications #176)

The author developed this text over many years, teaching graduate courses in advanced dynamics and flexible multibody dynamics at the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The book presents a unified treatment of rigid body dynamics, analytical dynamics, constrained dynamics, and flexible multibody dynamics. A comprehensive review of numerical tools used to enforce both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints is presented. Advanced topics such as Maggi’s, index-1, null space, and Udwadia and Kalaba’s formulations are presented because of their fundamental importance in multibody dynamics. Methodologies for the parameterization of rotation and motion are discussed and contrasted. Geometrically exact beams and shells formulations, which have become the standard in flexible multibody dynamics, are presented and numerical aspects of their finite element implementation detailed. Methodologies for the direct solution of the index-3 differential-algebraic equations characteristic of constrained multibody systems are presented. It is shown that with the help of proper scaling procedures, such equations are not more difficult to integrate than ordinary differential equations. This book is illustrated with numerous examples and should prove valuable to both students and researchers in the fields of rigid and flexible multibody dynamics.

Flexible Multibody System Dynamics: Theory And Applications

This volume examines the theoretical and practical needs on the subject of multibody system dynamics with emphasis on flexible systems and engineering applications. lt focuses on developing an all purpose algorithm for the dynamic simulation of flexible tree-like systems making use of matrix representation at all levels. The book covers new theories with engineering applications involved in broad fields which include; civil engineering, aerospace and robotics, as well as general and mechanical engineering. The applications include high temperature conditions, time variant contact conditions, biosystem analysis, vibration minimization and control.

Flexible Multibody System Dynamics: Theory And Applications

This volume examines the theoretical and practical needs on the subject of multibody system dynamics with emphasis on flexible systems and engineering applications. lt focuses on developing an all purpose algorithm for the dynamic simulation of flexible tree-like systems making use of matrix representation at all levels. The book covers new theories with engineering applications involved in broad fields which include; civil engineering, aerospace and robotics, as well as general and mechanical engineering. The applications include high temperature conditions, time variant contact conditions, biosystem analysis, vibration minimization and control.

Flexible OLEDs: Fundamental and Novel Practical Technologies (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

This book offers a wealth of knowledge and information about the fundamental and practical aspects of flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. The book provides an overview of these devices by considering their merits and business potential, the history of their research and development, the fundamental technology, and required properties for materials, devices, processes, and future trends of flexible OLED devices. The practical sections describe novel, cutting-edge expertise for flexible substrates, gas barriers, encapsulation, novel electrodes, and on-demand patterning for OLED devices. Applications of the technologies of ultra-thin glass, stainless steel foil, and barrier films are described as flexible substrates. The book also explains features such as dry-barrier layers, wet-barrier layers, multi-layer barrier structures, dam-fill encapsulation, thin film encapsulation (TFE), and laminating encapsulation. In addition, there are explanations of novel electrodes and on-demand ink-jet patterning, both of which are applicable to flexible OLED devices. As the novel electrodes, transparent conducting polymer, silver nanowire (AgNW), metal-mesh and roll-to-roll (R2R) process technologies are included. The know-how that is described here is applicable to flexible devices, not only for OLEDs, OPVs, OTFTs, and others but also for sensors, wearable devices, robots, and healthcare devices. The information contained in this valuable book is useful for all scientists, engineers, and managers who are interested in the field of flexible devices.

Flexible Organisation: Praxis, Theorie und Konsequenzen des Projekt- und Matrix-Management (Veröffentlichungen der Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft #39)

Flexible Packaging Of Foods (CRC Press Revivals)

This review encompasses one segment of food packaging – foods. That include flexible materials in their package. It is intended as a systems view point: designing product requirements and markets, and describing the present material and machine methods for filling those requirements.

Flexible Packaging Of Foods (CRC Press Revivals)

This review encompasses one segment of food packaging – foods. That include flexible materials in their package. It is intended as a systems view point: designing product requirements and markets, and describing the present material and machine methods for filling those requirements.

Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors

Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors A systematic and complete discussion of the latest progress in flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting and sensing technologies In Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of the design methods, working mechanisms, microfabrication processes, and applications of flexible energy harvesters for wearable and implantable devices. The book discusses the monitoring of normal force, shear force, strain, and displacement in flexible sensors, as well as relevant artificial intelligence algorithms. Readers will also find an overview of design and research challenges facing professionals in the field, as well as a variety of perspectives on flexible energy harvesters and sensors. With an extensive focus on the use of flexible piezoelectric material technologies for medical applications, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors also includes: A thorough introduction to the working principles of piezoelectric devices, including discussions of flexible PEH and piezoelectric sensors Comprehensive treatments of the design of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including the challenges associated with their structural design Fulsome explanations of the fabrication of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including piezoelectric ceramic thin and think films In-depth treatments of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters, including optimized cantilever, bimorph, and optimized bimorph PEH Perfect for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and solid-state physicists, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors will also earn a place in the libraries of sensor developers, and surface physicists.

Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors

Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors A systematic and complete discussion of the latest progress in flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting and sensing technologies In Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of the design methods, working mechanisms, microfabrication processes, and applications of flexible energy harvesters for wearable and implantable devices. The book discusses the monitoring of normal force, shear force, strain, and displacement in flexible sensors, as well as relevant artificial intelligence algorithms. Readers will also find an overview of design and research challenges facing professionals in the field, as well as a variety of perspectives on flexible energy harvesters and sensors. With an extensive focus on the use of flexible piezoelectric material technologies for medical applications, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors also includes: A thorough introduction to the working principles of piezoelectric devices, including discussions of flexible PEH and piezoelectric sensors Comprehensive treatments of the design of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including the challenges associated with their structural design Fulsome explanations of the fabrication of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including piezoelectric ceramic thin and think films In-depth treatments of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters, including optimized cantilever, bimorph, and optimized bimorph PEH Perfect for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and solid-state physicists, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors will also earn a place in the libraries of sensor developers, and surface physicists.

Flexible Polymer Chains in Elongational Flow: Theory and Experiment

The behavior of polymer solutions in simple shear flows has been the subject of considerable research in the past. On the other hand, reports on polymers in elongational flow have appeared comparatively recently in the literature. Elongational flow with an inherent low vorticity is known to be more effective in extending polymer chains than simple shear flow and thus is more interesting from the point of view of basic (molecular chain dynamics at high deformation) and applied polymer science (rheology, fiber extrusion, drag reduction, flow through porous media). Undoubtly, one landmark in the field of polymer dynamics in elongational flow was the notion of critical strain-rate for chain extension, initially put forward by A. Peterlin (1966) and later refined into the "coil-stretching" transition by P. G. de Gennes and H. Hinch (1974). In the two decades which followed, significant progress in the understanding of chain conformation in "strong" flow has been accomplished through a combination of advances in instrumentation, computation techniques and theoretical studies. As a result of the multidisciplinary nature of the field, information on polymer chains in "strong" flow is accessible only from reviews and research papers scattered in disparate scientific journals. An important objective of this book is to remedy that situation by providing the reader with up-to-date knowledge in a single volume. The editors therefore invited leading specialists to provide both fundamental and applied information on the multiple facets of chain deformation in elongational flow.

Flexible Power Transmission: The HVDC Options

The development of power semiconductors with greater ratings and improved characteristics has meant that the power industry has become more willing to develop new converter configurations. These new configurations take advantage of the higher controllability and switching frequencies of the new devices. The next few years will decide which of the proposed technologies will dominate future power transmission systems. Flexible Power Transmission is a comprehensive guide to the high voltage direct current (HVDC) options available, helping the reader to make informed decisions for designing future power transmission systems. The book includes: a full description of the principles and components in existing converter technology, as well as alternative proposals for self-commutating conversion; A review of the state of power semiconductors suited to HVDC transmission and present proposals for multi-level HVDC transmission. a detailed overview of the flexible HVDC methods for improving controllability and increasing power transfer capability in electrical power systems. up-to-date information on thyrisistor-based HVDC technology. coverage of new pulse width modulation (PWM) transmission technology and multi-level voltage source conversion (VSC) and current source conversion (CSC). An excellent reference for professional power engineers, Flexible Power Transmission is also a useful guide for power system researchers as well as lecturers and students in power systems and power electronics disciplines.

Flexible Produktionskapazität innovativ managen: Handlungsempfehlungen für die flexible Gestaltung von Produktionssystemen in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen

Der flexible Einsatz von Mitarbeitern/-innen in produzierenden Unternehmen adressiert ein Thema von hoher wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung und Aktualität. Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten werden im Hinblick auf Produktionssysteme wie auch in Bezug auf den Einsatz der Personalressourcen behandelt. Produktionsplaner und Personalleitung erhalten konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen.Dieser praxisorientierte Handlungsleitfaden spricht insbesondere kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen an. "FlexPro - Flexible Produktionskapazität innovativ managen" war ein Forschungsprojekt in Unternehmen, dessen Ergebnisse als Grundlage dieses Leitfadens anschaulich erläutert werden.

Flexible, realzeitfähige Kollisionsvermeidung in Mehrroboter-Systemen (Informatik-Fachberichte #277)

Das Buch behandelt eine Problemstellung, die mit zunehmender Automatisierung der Fertigung (CIM) verschärft auftritt: die Sicherstellung von kollisionsfreien Bahnen für Industrieroboter. Im Unterschied zur Hauptrichtung der Forschung, die aufwendige Algorithmen zur Wegsuche und Trajektorienplanung im off-line-Bereich entwickelt, werden hier Verfahren untersucht und Methoden vorgestellt, die es erlauben, online Kollisionsgefahren zu erkennen, hinsichtlich ihrer Stärke zu bewerten und kollisionsfreie Bahnen zu generieren. Online wird dabei in dem Sinn verstanden, daß die Berechnungen im Takt der Sollwertvorgabe parallel zur Ausführung der Bewegungen durchgeführt werden können und somit auch Reaktionen auf Sensoreingriffe oder Systemstörungen möglich sind. Die Dynamik der Roboter wird sowohl bei der Bewertung der Kollisionsgefahr als auch bei der Berechnung der Ausweichbewegungen berücksichtigt. Die Algorithmen sind für unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die Bahntreue der Roboter parametrisierbar. Das Buch gibt damit einerseits einen Leitfaden zur Implementierung einer Kollisionsvermeidung in einer realen Umgebung und andererseits Diskussionsanregungen zur Weiterentwicklung der online-Methoden.

Flexible Resources for Smart Cities

This book paves the road for researchers from various areas of engineering working in the realm of smart cities to discuss the intersections in these areas when it comes to infrastructure and its flexibility. The authors lay out models, algorithms and frameworks related to the ‘smartness’ in the future smart cities. In particular, manufacturing firms, electric generation, transmission and distribution utilities, hardware and software computer companies, automation and control manufacturing firms, and other industries will be able to use this book to enhance their energy operations, improve their comfort and privacy, as well as to increase the benefit from the electrical system. The book pertains to researchers, professionals, and R&D in an array of industries.

Flexible Ridesharing: New Opportunities and Service Concepts for Sustainable Mobility

Individual mobility is one of the most important needs of modern society and an important link between private, public and economic life. In contrast, transport also entails severe environmental and social burdens, foiling current efforts for sustainable development. As the main source of CO2 emissions, transport is a prominent driver for climate change, and individual car traffic is responsible for nearly a third of the total energy consumption. However, we have to consider that many commuters feel indeed very dependent on their car. Here, ridesharing promises to contribute to environmental protection, while still offering individual mobility. Although ridesharing options have been discussed since many years, internet and smartphones provide completeley new opportunities to find ridesharing partners today. Thus, this book deals with current efforts on implementing flexible internet- and phone-based ridesharing services. With a main focus on the users‘ perspective, their demands and acceptance limits, we aim to explore success factors for non-profit, but also commercial ridesharing concepts.

Flexible Robot Dynamics and Controls (IFSR International Series in Systems Science and Systems Engineering #19)

This book is the result of over ten (10) years of research and development in flexible robots and structures at Sandia National Laboratories. The authors de­ cided to collect this wealth of knowledge into a set of viewgraphs in order to teach a graduate class in Flexible Robot Dynamics and Controls within the Mechanical En­ gineering Department at the University of New Mexico (UNM). These viewgraphs, encouragement from several students, and many late nights have produced a book that should provide an upper-level undergraduate and graduate textbook and a reference for experienced professionals. The content of this book spans several disciplines including structural dynam­ ics, system identification, optimization, and linear, digital, and nonlinear control theory which are developed from several points of view including electrical, me­ chanical, and aerospace engineering as well as engineering mechanics. As a result, the authors believe that this book demonstrates the value of solid applied theory when developing hardware solutions to real world problems. The reader will find many real world applications in this book and will be shown the applicability of these techniques beyond flexible structures which, in turn, shows the value of mul­ tidisciplinary education and teaming.

Flexible Robotersysteme — Konzeption und Realisierung modularer Roboterkomponenten (ISW Forschung und Praxis #85)

In der Fertigungstechnik wird die Flexibilität durch die Eigenschaften und Gestaltung von Maschinen, Werkzeugen, Transporteinrichtungen usw. bestimmt. Dies gilt auch für Industrieroboter. Inhalt dieser Publikation ist die Konzeption modularer Industrieroboter, die auf einer besonderen Entwicklung gerätetechnischer Komponenten beruht. In einer Aufgabenanalyse wird zunächst gezeigt, daß die zentrale Aufgabe in der Schaffung geeigneter Bewegungsmoduln besteht, um beliebige kinematische Strukturen nachbilden zu können. Hierdurch werden auch neue Armstrukturen möglich, deren Vorteile aufgezeigt werden. Die vorgestellte modulare Struktur erlaubt es, neuartige Meßverfahren zur Genauigkeitserhöhung zu integrieren, deren Wirkungsweise und Möglichkeiten ebenfalls behandelt werden. Neben der mechanischen modularen Strukturierung wird auch eine solche für die Steuerungstechnik aufgezeigt; sie erlaubt eine optimale Anwendung der Bewegungsmoduln. Abschließend werden Beispiele einer modularen Gerätetechnik vorgestellt.