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Magneto-Science: Magnetic Field Effects on Materials: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer Series in Materials Science #89)
by M. Yamaguchi Y. TanimotoIt is a dream of chemists and physicists to use magnetism, an important physical property of many materials, to control chemical and physical processes. With new manufacturing technologies for superconducting magnets, it has become possible to produce strong magnetic fields of 10 Tesla or more for applications in chemistry and physics. New magnetic phenomena, useful for processing functional molecules with improved quality, have been discovered recently. They open up exciting possibilities for studying and applying magnetic field effects in the chemical and physical processes of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials. This volume will serve as a useful reference for specialists and non-specialists interested in this exciting new area of megneto-science.
Magnetocaloric Energy Conversion: From Theory to Applications (Green Energy and Technology)
by Andrej Kitanovski Jaka Tušek Urban Tomc Uroš Plaznik Marko Ožbolt Alojz PoredošThis book provides the latest research on a new alternative form of technology, the magnetocaloric energy conversion. This area of research concerns magnetic refrigeration and cooling, magnetic heat pumping and magnetic power generation. The book’s systematic approach offers the theoretical basis of magnetocaloric energy conversion and its various sub domains and this is supported with the practical examples. Besides these fundamentals, the book also introduces potential solutions to engineering problems in magnetocalorics and to alternative technologies of solid state energy conversion. The aim of the book is therefore to provide engineers with the most up-to-date information and also to facilitate the understanding, design and construction of future magnetocaloric energy conversion devices. The magnetocaloric energy conversion represents an alternative to compressor based refrigerators and heat pumps. It is a serious alternative to power generation with low enthalpy heat sources. This green technology offers an opportunity to use environmentally friendly solid refrigerants and the potentially high energy efficiency follows the trends of future energy conversion devices. This book is intended for postgraduate students and researchers of refrigeration, heat pumping, power generation alternatives, heat regenerators and advanced heat transfer mechanisms.
Magnetocumulative Generators (Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena)
by Larry L. Altgilbers Mark D.J. Brown Igor Grishnaev Bucur M. Novac Ivor R. Smith Yuriy Tkach Iaroslav TkachA discussion of explosive pulsed power systems and their applications, this book consists of 7 chapters. The first five describe the basic physics of these sources and their ancillary equipment, based on a manual for training engineers in Russia. Chapter 6 is a description of codes and methodologies used at Loughborough University in the UK to build flux compressors, while Chapter 7 covers two specific applications: high power lasers and high power microwave sources. The book introduces all types of explosive power sources and their ancillary equipment, the procedures required to build them, and specific applications.
Magnetoelastic Acoustic Emission: Theory and Applications in Ferromagnetic Materials (Springer-AAS Acoustics Series)
by Valentyn Skalskyi Zinoviy NazarchukThe book presents theoretical and experimental studies to establish the relationship between volume jumps of the 90° domain wall in a ferromagnetic material and the magnitude of the half-space surface displacement caused by it. A method of evaluating the influence of the external magnetic field on the stress intensity factor at the tip of the crack-like defects in ferromagnets is discussed. The influence of hydrogen on the generation of magneto-elastic acoustic emission signals of ferromagnets is described. The features of magneto-elastic acoustic emission due to the presence of plastic deformation, structural changes, and volumetric damage in such structural materials are shown.
Magnetoelastic Vibrations and Stability of Magnetically Active Plates and Shells
by Gevorg Y. Baghdasaryan Marine A. MikilyanThis book introduces the reader to methods of mathematical modeling and solving non-stationary (dynamic) problems of the theory of magnetoelasticity, as well as to give an idea of the wealth of physical effects caused by the interaction of electromagnetic and mechanical phenomena in magnetically active elastic thin bodies. The studies are mainly limited to a model of isotropic body under the assumption of small deformations. In the first chapter of the book, based on the basic connected nonlinear equations and relations of mechanics and quasi-static electrodynamics of continuum media, a system of equations of magnetoelasticity, surface conditions, and governing equations describing the behavior of disturbances in a magnetoactive medium interacting with an external magnetic field is obtained. On this basis, in Chapters 2 and 3, using the main equations and relations of magnetoelastic vibrations and stability of magnetically soft, thin plates and shells are obtained. By solving specific applied problems, a number of qualitative and quantitative results were identified, caused by the interaction of mechanical and magnetic phenomena in ferromagnetic thin bodies. An approximate formula is obtained to determine magnetohydrodynamic pressure on the oscillating surfaces of plate flowing by supersonic flow of perfectly conducting gas in the presence of magnetic field. This formula is the generalization of well-known formula obtained on the basis of the classical piston theory of gas dynamics in the case of magneto-gas-dynamic flow. On this basis, it became possible to solve complex problems of aeromagnetoelasticity. In the 4th and 5th chapters magnetoelastic processes in superconducting thin shells located in stationary and non-stationary magnetic fields are studied. Two-dimensional equations and corresponding conditions are obtained, which characterize vibrations and stability of superconducting cylindrical and spherical shells under the influence of the given magnetic field. By solving specific problems, the possibility of loss of both static and dynamic stability of thin superconducting bodies under the influence of external magnetic field has been established. The sixth chapter is devoted to mathematical modeling and investigation of issues of dynamics of magnetostrictive plates in magnetic fields (stationary and non-stationary) of several orientations. To study the processes of magnetoelastic interaction in the plate under consideration with complex physical properties of its material, the main postulates of the classical theories and methods were used. The influence of plate in-homogeneity on the processes under consideration was also studied. Dynamic processes in layered plates have been studied. It is shown that heterogeneity is sufficient to control optimally the studied dynamic processes, especially those that arise as a result of interaction. The last 7th chapter is devoted to the investigation of stability of dielectric thin plates in a supersonic flow of perfectly conducting gas in the presence of magnetic field. The problems were studied in both linear and nonlinear formulations. Based on the formula obtained by the authors specific problems of stability were solved. Influence of magnetic field on the flutter characteristics is studied.
Magnetoelastic Waves (Engineering Materials)
by Gevorg Baghdasaryan Zaven DanoyanThis book highlights key methods for the mathematical modeling and solution of nonstationary dynamic problems in the theory of magnetoelasticity. It also reveals the richness of physical effects caused by the interaction of electromagnetic and mechanical phenomena in both conducting non-ferromagnetic and dielectric magnetically active deformable bodies. The studies are limited to elastic bodies considering small deformations. The book consists of two parts, the first of which derives the system of equations for describing magnetoelasticity, the surface conditions, and equations describing the perturbations behavior of non-ferromagnetic conducting media interacting with external magnetic fields. These equations are based on the main nonlinear equations and relations of mechanics and quasistatic electrodynamics of continuous media. On this basis, the book puts forward a number of qualitative and quantitative results, solving selected problems of magnetoelastic wave propagation. In turn, the second part considers surface waves in magnetostrictive and piezomagnetic media. It obtains the system of equations, surface conditions and state equations describing the perturbations behavior in magnetoactive ferromagnetic dielectric media interacting with external magnetic fields. Lastly, the book studies the excitations and propagation of new types of surface waves and oscillations in these media, conditioned by the magnetostrictive properties of the respective medium and its interaction with an external magnetic field.
Magnetoelectric Composites
by Mirza I. BichurinThis book is dedicated to modeling and application of magnetoelectric (ME) effects in layered and bulk composites based on magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. Currently, numerous theoretical and experimental studies on ME composites are available but few on the development and research of instruments based on them. So far, only investigation of ME magnetic field sensors has been cited in the existing literature. However, these studies have finally resulted in the creation of low-frequency ME magnetic field sensors with parameters substantially exceeding the characteristics of Hall sensors. The book presents the authors’ many years of experience gained in ME composites and through creation of device models based on their studies. It describes low-frequency ME devices, such as current and position sensors and energy harvesters, and microwave ME devices, such as antennas, attenuators, filters, gyrators, and phase shifters.
Magnetoelectric Composites (Springer Series in Materials Science #201)
by Mirza I. BichurinThis book is dedicated to modeling and application of magnetoelectric (ME) effects in layered and bulk composites based on magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. Currently, numerous theoretical and experimental studies on ME composites are available but few on the development and research of instruments based on them. So far, only investigation of ME magnetic field sensors has been cited in the existing literature. However, these studies have finally resulted in the creation of low-frequency ME magnetic field sensors with parameters substantially exceeding the characteristics of Hall sensors. The book presents the authors’ many years of experience gained in ME composites and through creation of device models based on their studies. It describes low-frequency ME devices, such as current and position sensors and energy harvesters, and microwave ME devices, such as antennas, attenuators, filters, gyrators, and phase shifters.
Magnetoelectric Response in Low-Dimensional Frustrated Spin Systems (Springer Theses)
by Shinichiro SekiElectric control of magnetic properties, or inversely, magnetic control of dielectric properties in solids, is called a magnetoelectric effect and has long been investigated from the point of view of both fundamental physics and potential application. Magnetic and dielectric properties usually show minimal coupling, but it recently has been discovered that magnetically induced ferroelectricity in some spiral magnets enables remarkably large and versatile magnetoelectric responses. To stabilize such helimagnetism, magnetic frustration (competition between different magnetic interactions) is considered the key. In the present work, two of the most typical frustrated spin systems—triangular lattice antiferromagnets and edge-shared chain magnets—have systematically been investigated. Despite the crystallographic simplicity of target systems, rich magnetoelectric responses are ubiquitously observed. The current results published here offer a useful guideline in the search for new materials with unique magnetoelectric functions, and also provide an important basis for a deeper understanding of magnetoelectric phenomena in more complex systems.
Magnetoelectronic, Optical, and Thermoelectric Properties of Perovskite Materials (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Rachid MasrourThis book undertakes an extensive exploration of manganese-based compounds, such as T₁₋ₓSrxMnO₃ (T = La, Pr; x = 0.35, 0.25) using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations with a focus on understanding their electronic, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. Ba₁₋ₓSrxFeO₃ (x = 0, 0.2) is also studied via different approximations, offering a comparative perspective. In addition, the book looks at the influence of magnetism using Monte Carlo simulations, revealing crucial parameters and examining the GdCrO₃ system through DFT and Monte Carlo simulation, shedding light on recent experimental observations. Additionally, Monte Carlo studies investigate magnetic and magnetocaloric features of Sr₂FeMoO₆, La₂SrMn₂O₇ bilayer manganite, perovskite ferromagnetic thin films' surface effects, and SmFe₁₋ₓMnxO₃ perovskite. In essence, this book significantly advances our comprehension of magnetic and magnetocaloric phenomena across diverse materials and is well-suited for both experimentalists and computational researchers working in this field.
Magnetoelectronics of Microwaves and Extremely High Frequencies in Ferrite Films
by Alexander A. IgnatievThis book is devoted to an entirely new direction of the magnetoelectronics of millimetric waves in layered structures containing epitaxial ferrite films. End of chapter references provide additional background information on the topics discussed.
Magnetoencephalography: From Signals to Dynamic Cortical Networks (Series In Bioengineering Ser.)
by Selma Supek Cheryl J. AineMagnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. Our intentions with this book are to cover the richness and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field, make it more accessible to newcomers and experienced researchers and to stimulate growth in the MEG area. The book presents a comprehensive overview of MEG basics and the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward master and doctoral students, as well as researchers. There are three levels of contributions: 1) tutorials on instrumentation, measurements, modeling, and experimental design; 2) topical reviews providing extensive coverage of relevant research topics; and 3) short contributions on open, challenging issues, future developments and novel applications. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology and an overview of the major open-source analysis tools.
Magnetofluiddynamics in Channels and Containers
by U. Müller L. BühlerThe book deals with the theme of incompressible flows of electrically conducting fluids in hydraulic components. The main content of the book is a result of engineering research associated with the design of liquid metal cooling systems for fusion reactors. The book is well suited to serve as a guide for utilising magnetohydrodynamic means in other engineering disciplines such as in material processing, metallurgical engineering and power engineering.
Magnetofluidodinamica: Lectures given at a Summer School of the Centro Internazionale Matematico Estivo (C.I.M.E.) held in Varenna (Como), Italy, September 28-October 6, 1962 (C.I.M.E. Summer Schools #28)
by G. AgostinelliG. Agostinelli: Problemi speciali in magnetofluidodinamica.- G. Carini: Sul concetto di pressione in magnetofluidodinamica e nel caso di un fluido dielettrico in presenza di un campo elettrico.- V.C.A. Ferrario: Magneto-idrodinamica.- R. Nardini: 1. Su un caso particolare di onde magnetoacustiche. 2. Su un particolare campo magnetofluidodinamico sinusoidale in un mezzo viscoso.- A.G. Pacholczyk: Sulla instabilità gravitazionale e magnetogravitazionale di sistemi compressibili.- U. Schmidt: Wave propagation in M.F.D.- T. Zeuli: Su moti stazionari in magnetofluidodinamica.
Magnetohydrodynamics (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #418)
by Peter A. Davidson André ThessThis book is an introduction to terrestial magnetohydrodynamics. It is a compendium of introductory lectures by experts in the field, focussing on applications in industry and the laboratory. A concise overview of the subject with references to further study.
Magnetohydrodynamics: Historical Evolution and Trends (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications #80)
by R. Moreau Sergei S. Molokov H. Keith MoffattThis book revises the evolution of ideas in various branches of magnetohydrodynamics (astrophysics, earth and solar dynamos, pinch, MHD turbulence and liquid metals) and reviews current trends and challenges. Uniquely, it contains the review articles on the development of the subject by pioneers in the field as well as leading experts, not just in one, but in various branches of magnetohydrodynamics, such as liquid metals, astrophysics, dynamo and pinch.
Magnetomicrofluidic Circuits for Single-Bioparticle Transport
by Roozbeh Abedini-NassabThis book highlights the current state of the art in magnetophoretic circuits and their use in the emerging field of single-cell analysis. This interdisciplinary topic involves many fields of science including cellular biology, drug screening, cancer research, personalized medicine, microfabrication, biomedical microdevices, and lab-on-a-chip. This book not only provides the required fundamental knowledge and background needed in magnetics and the circuit theory but also describes the idea of magnetophoretic circuits as well as the cutting-edge developed technologies. It provides a sufficient background in i) the required theory in magnetics, ii) SCAs in general, iii) the circuit theory, iv) the developed idea of the magnetophoretic circuits, v) the fabrication process and magnetic cell labeling techniques, vi) the magnetophoretic-based SCA tools, and vii) the bio-applications. Methods for performing simulations as well as designing, fabricating, and running experiments are explained. Author of the book is one of the inventors of some of the ideas and the author/co-author of some of the related articles in high-impact journals. The book appeals to the readers interested in clinical applications as well as the ones interested in its technical aspects. It is beneficial for researchers interested in the field of single-cell analysis from various disciplines including biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, materials science, and cellular biology.
Magnetophotonics: From Theory to Applications (Springer Series in Materials Science)
by Mitsuteru Inoue, Miguel Levy and Alexander V. BaryshevThis book merges theoretical and experimental works initiated in 1997 from consideration of periodical artificial dielectric structures comprising magneto-optical materials. Modern advances in magnetophotonics are discussed giving theoretical analyses and demonstrations of the consequences of light interaction with non-reciprocal media of various designs. This first collection of foundational works is devoted to light-to-artificial magnetic matter phenomena and related applications. The subject covers the physical background and the continuing research in the field of magnetophotonics.
Magnetostatic Modelling of Thin Layers Using the Method of Moments And Its Implementation in OCTAVE/MATLAB (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #491)
by Roman SzewczykThis book presents an efficient and robust method of modelling the magnetostatic properties of different technical elements, especially thin layers for magnetic sensors. The solutions presented utilise the principles of the method of moments. However, the principles have been developed both from the point of view of physical analyses as well as from the point of view of numerical optimisation. To enable cost-efficient use of the solutions for commercial applications in industry, the proposed method was implemented as a code optimised for use in the open-source OCTAVE environment. The scripts can be also used with MATLAB software, which is more user friendly, especially for less experienced users.
Magnetostatic Waves and Their Application
by Pavel Kabos V.S. StalmachovMagnetostatic Waves and their Applications is the first book devoted to magnetostatic waves. The book gives a thorough review of the field suitable for scientists, engineers and advanced students involved in magnetism and microwave electronics new to this area. It covers the field from essential physics to applications in microwave electronics, with details of the materials and materials processing methods included.
Magnetoviscous Effects in Ferrofluids (Lecture Notes in Physics Monographs #71)
by Stefan OdenbachSuspensions of magnetic nanoparticles or ferrofluids can be effectively controlled by magnetic fields, which opens up a fascinating field for basic research into fluid dynamics as well as a host of applications in engineering and medicine. The introductory chapter provides the reader with basic information on the structure, and magnetic and viscous properties of ferrofluids. The bulk of this monograph is based on the author's own research activity and deals with ferrohydrodynamics, especially with the magnetoviscous effects. In particular, the author studies in detail the interparticle interactions so far often neglected but of great importance in concentrated ferrofluids. The basic theory and the most recent experimental findings are presented, making the book interesting reading for physicists or engineers interested in smart materials.
Magnification Radiography
by A.S. Takahashi S. SakumaIf the early stages of a disease begin with the involvement of a small area of cells or tissue, the early diagnosis of pathologic changes by means of radio graphy should concentrate first on the detection of such minute changes. The ideal solution would be to produce X-ray images of findings much finer than those observable by the naked eye, and herein lies a new field of research that is believed to be worth developing. The introduction of a 0.3 mm focal-spot rotating-anode tube about 25 years ago opened the way to the clinical application of magnification radiography. Due to the postwar economic situation, we were unable to import this type of X-ray tube, but we believed in the importance of magnification radiography in X-ray diagnosis, and in 1952 we produced an X-ray tube with a 0.15 mm focal spot by reconstructing an existing fixed-anode tube. This X-ray tube has been improved step by step, so that tubes with focal spots of 0.1 mm or 0.05 mm are now available in Japan. Thus it has become possible to obtain 4 to 6 x magnification images of minute lesions that could not be imaged by normal roentgenography.
Magnificent Desolation: The Long Journey Home from the Moon
by Buzz AldrinForty years ago, Buzz Aldrin became the second human - minutes after Neil Armstrong - to set foot on a celestial body other than the Earth. The event remains one of mankind's greatest achievements and was witnessed by the largest worldwide television audience in history. In the years since, millions more have had their earth-centric perspective changed forever by gazing at the iconic photograph of Aldrin standing on the surface of the Moon with the blackness of space behind him. He described what he saw as 'magnificent desolation'. The flight of Apollo 11 made Aldrin one of the most famous people on the planet, yet few people know the rest of the story. In Magnificent Desolation, Aldrin not only gives us a harrowing first-person account of the lunar landing that came within seconds of failure, as well as the ultimate insider's view of life as one of the superstars of America's space program, he also opens up with remarkable candor about his more personal trials - and eventual triumphs - back on Earth. From the glory of being part of the mission that fulfilled President Kennedy's challenge to reach the Moon before the decade was out, Aldrin returned home to an Air Force career stripped of purpose or direction, other than as a public relations tool that NASA put to relentless use in a seemingly nonstop world tour. The twin demons of depression and alcoholism emerged - the first of which Aldrin confronted early and publicly and the second of which he met with denial until it nearly killed him. As an adventure story, a searing memoir of self-destruction and self-renewal, and as a visionary rallying cry to once again set our course for Mars and beyond, Magnificent Desolation is the thoroughly human story of a genuine hero.
Magnificent Rebels: The First Romantics and the Invention of the Self
by Andrea Wulf'Elegantly written, deeply researched and totally gripping' SIMON SEBAG MONTEFIOREIn the 1790s an extraordinary group of friends changed the world. Disappointed by the French Revolution's rapid collapse into tyranny, what they wanted was nothing less than a revolution of the mind. The rulers of Europe had ordered their peoples how to think and act for too long. Based in the small German town of Jena, through poetry, drama, philosophy and science, they transformed the way we think about ourselves and the world around us. They were the first Romantics.Their way of understanding the world still frames our lives and being.We're still empowered by their daring leap into the self. We still think with their minds, see with their imagination and feel with their emotions. We also still walk the same tightrope between meaningful self-fulfilment and destructive narcissism, between the rights of the individual and our role as a member of our community and our responsibilities towards future generations who will inhabit this planet. This extraordinary group of friends changed our world. It is impossible to imagine our lives, thoughts and understanding without the foundation of their ground-breaking ideas.
Magnitude and Delay Approximation of 1-D and 2-D Digital Filters (Digital Signal Processing)
by Belle A. ShenoiThe most outstanding feature of this book is its treatment of the design of filters that approximate a constant group delay, and both the prescribed magnitude and group delay response of one-dimensional as well as two-dimensional digital filters. It thus fills a gap in the literature, that has almost exclusively dealt with the magnitude response of the filter transfer function until now. Contains many of the important results that have only recently appeared in professional journals.