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Modern Methods of Plant Analysis / Moderne Methoden der Pflanzenanalyse (Modern Methods of Plant Analysis Moderne Methoden der Pflanzenanalyse #5)

by K. Biemann N. K. Boardman B. Breyer S. P. Burg W. L. Butler D. J. David P. S. Davis A. E. Dimond A. C. Hildebrandt F. A. Hommes O. Kratky H. F. Linskens H. Moor K. H. Norris I. J. O'Donnell J. V. Possingham H. Prat D. H. Slogteren E. Stahl J. A. Veken J. P. Want E. F. Woods

123 phase and hence have no direct bearing on the retention time of solutes. However in gas-solid chromatography, a considerable quantity of the mobile phase may be adsorbed on the surface of the stationary adsorbent which diminishes the column's effective length and ability to retain solutes. In this respect helium has been found to be preferable to most other gases (GREENE and Roy, 1957) because it is adsorbed to the least extent. 3. Packed columns offer a considerable resistance to flow, which may create a pressure differential between inlet and outlet of sufficient magnitude to cause an unfavorable flow rate through a significant length of the column. A reduced inlet/outlet pressure ratio can be obtained by using light molecular weight gases toward which the column packing shows the greatest permeability. The flow rate of the mobile phase is normally adjusted by altering the column inlet pressure, for which purpose commercial pressure regulators of sufficient accuracy are available. Quantitative measurements of the flow rate can be made by a number of methods, including rotameters, orifice meters, soapfilm flow meters and displacement of water. The former two methods are the most con­ venient but the least accurate; moreover they create a back pressure and are temperature dependent whereas although the moving soap bubble is cumbersome to employ and unusable for continuous readings, it is preferred when the highest accuracy is required.

Space Flight and Re-Entry Trajectories: International Symposium Organized by the International Academy of Astronautics of the IAF Louveciennes, 19–21 June 1961 Proceedings

by Paul A. Libby

In this and a following issue (Vol. VIII, 1962, Fasc. 2-3) of "Astronautica Acta" there will appear the papers presented at the first international symposium sponsored by the International Academy of Astronautics of the International Astronautical Federation. The theme of the meeting was "Space Flight and Re-Entry Trajectories." It was held at Louveciennes outside of Paris on June 19-21, 1961. Sixteen papers by authors from nine countries were presented; attendees numbered from 80 to 100. The organizing committee for the symposium was as follows: Prof. PAUL A. LIBBY, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, U.S.A., Chairman; Prof. LuiGI BROGLIO, University of Rome, Italy; Prof. B. FRAEIJS DE VEUBEKE, University of Liege, Belgium; Dr. D. G. KING-HELE, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Rants, United Kingdom; Prof. J. M. J. KooY, Royal Military School, Breda, Netherlands; Prof. JEAN KovALEVSKY, Bureau des Longitudes, Paris, France; Prof. RuDOLF PESEK, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechoslovakia. The detailed arrangements for the meeting were made in a most satisfactory manner by Dr. FRANK J. MALINA, Deputy Director of IAA and Mr. A. R. WEILLER, Acting Secretary of IAA. Prof. THEODORE VON KARMAN, Director of IAA, in his remarks closing the symposium indicated his satisfaction at the interest being shown in "the science of the future." The papers which follow will make a permanent contribution to the literature of this science.

Soziale und angewandte Psychiatrie (Psychiatrie der Gegenwart #3)

by E. K. Cruickshank

Der dritte Band dieses Werkes spiegelt, vielleicht mehr noch als der Grund­ lagenteil und die klinischen Abschnitte, entscheidende Wandlungen der Psych­ iatrie der Gegenwart wider: Ablösung der Psychiatrie von ihrer Ursprungsstätte, dem psychiatrischen Krankenhaus, ihr Einströmen nicht nur in fachliche Grenz­ gebiete, sondern ins öffentliche Bewußtsein, und die Verlagerung der praktischen psychiatrischen Tätigkeit extra muros. Manche Beiträge behandeln Stoffgebiete, die in keinem früheren Hand- oder Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie erwähnt sind und vor 20 oder 30 Jahren auch noch nicht hätten geschrieben werden können. In einer ersten Gruppe von Beiträgen zur praktischen und sozialen Psychiatrie wird diese Wandlung besonders spürbar. Es lag den Herausgebern daran, hier neuen Ansichten und Bestrebungen Raum zu gewähren, die Problematik der vielfach durch­ aus noch im Flusse befindlichen Konzeptionen klarzustellen, ihre Vielfalt zu gliedern und zu ordnen und die Verbindungen mit den Nachbargebieten der Psychologie, Heilpädagogik, Sozialwissenschaft, Legislatur, Strafvollzug usw. zu verfolgen. Ein einleitender Abschnitt über die neueren Strömungen in der praktischen Psychiatrie behandelt in die Zukunft weisende Auffassungen über die Organisation und die baulichen Probleme des psychiatrischen Krankenhauses und des ambulan­ ten psychiatrischen Dienstes. Endgültige Lösungen sind noch nicht gefunden, die Richtung der nächsten Entwicklung wird aber deutlich sichtbar. Die soziale Psychiatrie befaßt sich mit den Einflüssen der Sozialstruktur auf die Entstehung und den Verlauf seelischer Störungen, mit der Stellung des psychisch kranken Menschen innerhalb der Gesellschaft, mit der Frage seiner Hospitalisations­ bedürftigkeit usw. , während der seelische Gesundheitsschutz die präventiven Maßnahmen für die gesunde Bevölkerung im Auge hat.

Fluid Dynamics / Strömungsmechanik (Handbuch der Physik Encyclopedia of Physics #3 / 9)

by C. A. Truesdell

Sect 2. 317 tinuity surfaces 1. This suggests that a wake pressure Pw be associated with each flow past a bluff body, and that a wake parameter (2. 4) which plays the same role as the cavitation parameter (2. 1), be defined for the flow. This idea has been made the basis of a modified wake theory (ef. Sect. 11) which proves to be in good qu- titative agreement with pressure and drag measurements. It should be emphasized, however, that un­ h like the cavitation number, the wake parameter is a quantity which is not known a priori, and must be empirically determined in each case. (3) Jet flows. The problem of jet efflux from an orifice is one of the oldest in hydrodynamics and the first to be treated by Fig. 3a. the HELMHOLTZ free streamline theory. Of particular importance for engineering applications is the discharge coefficient Cd' which is defined in terms of the discharge Q per unit time, the pressure P, and the cross-sectional area A of the orifice, by the formula, (2. 5) where e is the fluid density. Two methods of measuring Cd have been most fre­ quently adopted. In the first the liquid issues from an orifice in a large vessel under the influence of gravity _,-____________ . , (Fig. 3 a), while in the second it 1 L is forced out of a nozzle or pipe under high pressure (Fig. 3 b).

Materials and Processes of Electron Devices: Werkstoffe und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Entladungsgeräten / Matériaux et procédés pour la construction d’appareils de décharges électriques / Materiales y procesos de fabricación para elementos electrónicos

by Max Knoll

This bookis intended to be of assistance to the physicist or engineer concerned with designing and building electron devices such as high-vacuum transmitter- or amplifier tubes, gas- or vapor-filled rectifiers, thyratrons, X-ray or luminescent tubes, glow or incandescent lamps, Geiger- or ionization counters, vacuum photo­ cells, photoconductive cells, selenium-, germanium- or silicon rectifiers or trans­ istors. For this purpose, extensive information is required concerning the compo­ sition, behavior and handling of materials as well as a thorough knowledge of high-vacuum technique necessary for processing electron devices after their assembly. The text covers the preparation and working of materials used in these devices; the finishing methods for vacuum tubes (especially degassing, pumping and getter procedures); and different production steps of solid state devices. This book contains about 2300 references indicated in the text by the author's name and reference number. At the end of each chapter the references themselves are listed alphabetically by the author's name and with the title sometimes abbreviated. In accordance with the purpose of the book, "first" publications are quoted only when they contain up-to-date-knowledge of the subject in question. Patents are treated as references. The quotation of a patent gives only a hint of the technical details described there. Mentioning, or not mentioning, a patent does not imply a statement concerning its importance or validity or warning against imitation. Expired patents are named in addition to ones still valid.

Astrophysik II: Sternaufbau / Astrophysics II: Stellar Structure (Handbuch der Physik Encyclopedia of Physics #11 / 51)

by Marshal H. Wrubel H. C. Arp G. R. Burbidge E. Margaret Burbidge Hans E. Suess Harold C. Urey Lawrence H. Aller P. Ledoux Th. Walraven Armin J. Deutsch E. Schatzman Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin F. Zwicky

Sects. 12, 13. 89 sequence and that subgiant and fainter stars in globular clusters have ultraviolet excesses. When dealing with stars whose physical properties are imperfectly under­ stood, such as in globular cluster stars, we cannot rely too heavily on the empiri­ cal calibration by the kinds of stars used to define Fig. 5, to determine their true, unreddened U-B, B-V curve. But if by a combination of arguments, principally the reddening in the region of the stars we do known about, we can assign a fairly probable unreddened U-B, B-V curve to a group of stars about which we know little, the argument may be turned around. In this case some information may be gained about the energy envelope of the stars by examining the differences between the normal two-color index curves for the unknown group of stars compared to the known. In general there seem to be two possible causes for different stars defining different normal sequences in the U-B, B-V plane. One, the relative energy distribution in the continuum in the U, B and V photometry bands are different. An example of this is the effect of the Balmer depression in supergiants. This, of course, requires deviation from black body radiation curves for one or both groups of stars. This cause seems to be the dominant effect for very blue, hot stars where the depression of the continuum by absorption lines is at a minimum.

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