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La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny Charles BurnettThis volume, the second in the series of Marie-Thérèse d’Alverny’s selected articles to be published by Variorum, gathers the majority of her studies on the understanding of Islam in the West from the early Middle Ages until the mid-13th century; some related works will be included in a further selection. In the 12th century, as she shows, a serious effort was for the first time made to learn something of the reality behind the fabulous and scurrilous stories about Muhammad and Islam. A collection of translations from Arabic, including the Koran, was commissioned in 1140 by Peter the Venerable of Cluny, and d’Alverny found the manuscript in which his secretary wrote these out. This discovery led her to explore other translations into Latin of the Koran and other Islamic texts, to identify the work of the translators Hermann of Carinthia, Robert of Ketton and Mark of Toledo, and to depict the milieu in which this work was possible.
Literature and Science, 1660-1834, Part II vol 8
by Judith HawleyThis volume reproduces primary texts which embody the polymathic nature of the literature of science, and provides editorial overviews and extensive references, to provide a resource for specialized academics and researchers with a broad cultural interest in the long 18th century.
Unit Testing in Java: How Tests Drive the Code (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Software Engineering and Programming)
by Johannes LinkSoftware testing is indispensable and is one of the most discussed topics in software development today. Many companies address this issue by assigning a dedicated software testing phase towards the end of their development cycle. However, quality cannot be tested into a buggy application. Early and continuous unit testing has been shown to be crucial for high quality software and low defect rates. Yet current books on testing ignore the developer's point of view and give little guidance on how to bring the overwhelming amount of testing theory into practice. Unit Testing in Java represents a practical introduction to unit testing for software developers. It introduces the basic test-first approach and then discusses a large number of special issues and problem cases. The book instructs developers through each step and motivates them to explore further. - Shows how the discovery and avoidance of software errors is a demanding and creative activity in its own right and can build confidence early in a project. - Demonstrates how automated tests can detect the unwanted effects of small changes in code within the entire system. - Discusses how testing works with persistency, concurrency, distribution, and web applications. - Includes a discussion of testing with C++ and Smalltalk.
Writings on Travel, Discovery and History by Daniel Defoe, Part II vol 8
by W R Owens P N FurbankThis volume reveals the extraordinary range of Daniel Defoe's intellectual interests. Three volumes are devoted to major historical writings by Defoe. His "Memoirs of the Church of Scotland" and "History of the Union of Great Britain" are included here.
Writings on Travel, Discovery and History by Daniel Defoe, Part II vol 8
by W R Owens P N FurbankThis volume reveals the extraordinary range of Daniel Defoe's intellectual interests. Three volumes are devoted to major historical writings by Defoe. His "Memoirs of the Church of Scotland" and "History of the Union of Great Britain" are included here.
The History of Old Age in England, 1600-1800, Part I Vol 1
by Lynn Botelho Susannah R Ottaway Anne KuglerWhat did it mean to be old in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England? This eight-volume edition brings together selections from medical treatises, sermons, legal documents, parish records, almshouse accounts, private letters, diaries and ballads, to investigate cultural and medical understanding of old age in pre-industrial England.
Foundations of Monetary Economics, Vol. 4: The Currency School
by D P O'BrienA multi-volume work which examines key texts from literature, providing a useful resource for the study of the foundations of monetary economics from writers such as Ricardo, Cantillon and Hume.
Foundations of Monetary Economics, Vol. 6: Monetary Non-Conformists
by D P O'BrienA multi-volume work which examines key texts from literature, providing a useful resource for the study of the foundations of monetary economics from writers such as Ricardo, Cantillon and Hume.
Foundations of Monetary Economics, Vol. 2: The Bullionists
by D P O'BrienA multi-volume work which examines key texts from literature, providing a useful resource for the study of the foundations of monetary economics from writers such as Ricardo, Cantillon and Hume.
Foundations of Monetary Economics, Vol. 5: The Banking School
by D P O'BrienA multi-volume work which examines key texts from literature, providing a useful resource for the study of the foundations of monetary economics from writers such as Ricardo, Cantillon and Hume.
The Manorial Economy in Early-Modern East-Central Europe: Origins, Development and Consequences (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Jerzy TopolskiThis book is concerned with one of the fundamental problems in the economic and social history of Europe in the early modern period, namely with the bifurcation in its development: in Western Europe, the development of capitalism; in East-Central Europe, the rise of the manorial-serf economy which hampered the development of capitalism. The main motif linking together the studies in this volume is the endeavour to explain this separation. the author evaluates the different theories explaining this, and also provides further analysis of economic life, dealing with the commercial activity, economic regression, especially in Poland.
Robert Southey: Later Poetical Works, 1811-1838 Vol 1
by Tim Fulford Lynda Pratt Carol Bolton Rachel Crawford Ian Packer Diego Saglia Daniel E WhiteCentral to any reappraisal of Southey’s mid to late career, is 'Roderick'. This best-selling epic romance has not been republished since 1838 and is contextualised here within Southey’s wider oeuvre. The four-volume edition also benefits from a general introduction, volume introductions, textual variants, endnotes and a consolidated index.
Cosmographers and Pilots of the Spanish Maritime Empire (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Ursula LambThese essays deal with questions of navigation and, more broadly, the intellectual challenges posed by Spain’s acquisition of an empire across the Atlantic. Crudely, they had to find out what was where and how to get there. The first section of the volume looks at the 16th-century Sevillan cosmographers and pilots charged with this task: their achievements, the social and political context in which they worked, and the methods used to establish scientific truths - including the resort to litigation. Ursula Lamb then turns to examine specific problems, from the routing of transatlantic shipping to the application of cartographic coordinates to allocate unexplored territories. The final articles move forward to the time when, after a lapse of two centuries, Spanish nautical science became revitalised, and the Spanish Hydrographic Office was established.
Music and the Aging Brain
by Lola L. Cuddy Sylvie Belleville Aline MoussardMusic and the Aging Brain describes brain functioning in aging and addresses the power of music to protect the brain from loss of function and how to cope with the ravages of brain diseases that accompany aging. By studying the power of music in aging through the lens of neuroscience, behavioral, and clinical science, the book explains brain organization and function. Written for those researching the brain and aging, the book provides solid examples of research fundamentals, including rigorous standards for sample selection, control groups, description of intervention activities, measures of health outcomes, statistical methods, and logically stated conclusions. - Summarizes brain structures supporting music perception and cognition - Examines and explains music as neuroprotective in normal aging - Addresses the association of hearing loss to dementia - Promotes a neurological approach for research in music as therapy - Proposes questions for future research in music and aging
Money, Prices and Power in Poland, 16th-17th Centuries: A Comparative Approach (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Antoni MaçzakThe first articles in this volume focus on sources for the history of Baltic commerce and the evaluation of their data on prices. In most cases, though, surviving data is hardly adequate for any extensive quantitative analysis of Polish economic history, and many of these articles endeavour in different ways to use comparitive approaches to help overcome this lack of substantial statistical base - hence the set of studies on the economy of travelling and the observations of travellers. Professor Maçzak then turns to the structures of power in Poland and elsewhere in late renaissance Europe, looking in particular at informal power relationships and patterns of patronage. In terms of the Polish-Lithunaian state, he would hold that centralized government was already critically weakened in the late 15th century, and the 16th century saw the creation of a new power structure, based on local self-government, and dominated by the nobility.
The Works of Thomas Robert Malthus Vol 2
by E A Wrigley David SoudenA collection of eight volumes of books which contain all the known published writings and variant readings of Thomas Malthus. Malthus is most famous as the inventor of a simple equation between population and food supply and his work is seen as the foundation for population studies.
The History of Old Age in England, 1600-1800, Part I Vol 1
by Lynn Botelho Susannah R Ottaway Anne KuglerWhat did it mean to be old in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England? This eight-volume edition brings together selections from medical treatises, sermons, legal documents, parish records, almshouse accounts, private letters, diaries and ballads, to investigate cultural and medical understanding of old age in pre-industrial England.
Renaissance Education Between Religion and Politics (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Paul F. GrendlerFew eras took education so seriously or were so innovative in their approaches to schools and universities as the Renaissance. At the same time, religious and political concerns strongly influenced educational developments. This third volume of articles by Paul F. Grendler explores the close connections between education, religion, and politics at several levels and in different contexts. It combines detailed research into various kinds of schools with broad overviews of European and especially Italian education. The lead article compares Italian and German universities and assesses the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the latter. Even Erasmus, the great critic of university theologians, felt the need to acquire a doctorate in theology and did so. In Italy, the new schools of the Jesuits and the Piarists taught boys and young men gratis, but not without opposition. Two articles deal with students, the consumers of education. While teachers and students were most directly involved in schools and universities, ecclesiastical and political authorities, including the leaders of the Republic of Venice, the subject of the final study, kept a watchful eye on them.
The History of Old Age in England, 1600-1800, Part II vol 7
by Lynn Botelho Susannah R Ottaway Anne KuglerWhat did it mean to be old in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England? This eight-volume edition brings together selections from medical treatises, sermons, legal documents, parish records, almshouse accounts, private letters, diaries and ballads, to investigate cultural and medical understanding of old age in pre-industrial England.
The History of Old Age in England, 1600-1800, Part II vol 7
by Lynn Botelho Susannah R Ottaway Anne KuglerWhat did it mean to be old in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England? This eight-volume edition brings together selections from medical treatises, sermons, legal documents, parish records, almshouse accounts, private letters, diaries and ballads, to investigate cultural and medical understanding of old age in pre-industrial England.
Reason and Belief in the Age of Roscelin and Abelard (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Constant J. MewsThe previous collection by Constant J. Mews focused on the work and thought of Peter Abelard (1079-1142); the present volume looks more broadly at Abelard's intellectual and religious context in the Latin West, and at his teacher, the controversial nominalist philosopher and theologian, Roscelin of Compiègne. It opens with surveys of educational theory and practice in the 12th-century schools. Mews next explores the widespread movement in the period which sought to explain religious belief in terms accessible to reason, and the background to accusations of heresy made by monks troubled by new attempts to interpret Christian belief, both within and outside a school environment. Five related studies then deal with previously unedited texts by Roscelin of Compiègne and St Anselm that throw new light on the importance of the philosopher and theologian who exercised a major influence on Peter Abelard.
Foundations of Monetary Economics, Vol. 5: The Banking School
by D P O'BrienA multi-volume work which examines key texts from literature, providing a useful resource for the study of the foundations of monetary economics from writers such as Ricardo, Cantillon and Hume.
The Works of Thomas Robert Malthus Vol 2
by E A Wrigley David SoudenA collection of eight volumes of books which contain all the known published writings and variant readings of Thomas Malthus. Malthus is most famous as the inventor of a simple equation between population and food supply and his work is seen as the foundation for population studies.
Latin Letters in Early Christian Ireland (Variorum Collected Studies)
by Michael W. HerrenThis book is concerned with the transmission and reception of Latin literary culture in the early Middle Ages, and with the production of Latin works in Ireland and in Irish centres on the Continent. In these articles, Professor Herren deals with several closely related themes: the introduction of Latin into Ireland and the study of Latin literary heritage; the language and metre of Hiberno-Latin writings; and questions of dating and authorship pertaining to a number of crucial texts, from Columbanus to John Scottus Eriugena.
The Widow and Wedlock Novels of Frances Trollope Vol 4
by Brenda Ayres Ann-Barbara Graff Abigail Burnham Bloom Tamara S Wagner Elsie B MichieThe writings of Frances Trollope have been subject to increasing academic interest in recent years, and are now widely studied. In this four-volume set her comical, yet subversive, treatment of Victorian marriage provides an interesting contrast to some of the more earnest but conventional fiction of the time.